Beam dams are a highly effective and commonly used open-type check dam in debris-flow hazard mitigation. In this study, dimensional analysis was used to obtain empirical equations for quantitatively determining the se...Beam dams are a highly effective and commonly used open-type check dam in debris-flow hazard mitigation. In this study, dimensional analysis was used to obtain empirical equations for quantitatively determining the sediment-trapping and flow-regulating characteristics of a beam dam. To determine the coefficients of the empirical equations, flume experiments were conducted to simulate the trapping and regulating processes. The flow pattern, trapping, and regulating characteristics were investigated when debris flows passed through a beam dam. Debris-flow bulk density and peak discharge, and sediment-trapping ratios, were measured directly and indirectly. The results showed that three blocking actions occurred, and that blockage-breaking considerably influenced the trapping and regulating performance of the beam dam. The relative opening size and the sediment concentration were the two main factors affecting the performance of the beam dam. The ratio of trapping sediment decreased with relative opening, and increased with sediment concentration as well as reducing ratio of bulk density and reducing ratio of peak discharge. The sediment concentration and relative opening were the leading factors influencing the trapping and regulating sediment of a beam dam, followed by flume gradient. The results showed that the calculated values obtained using empirical equations were in good agreement with the values derived from the experiments, and that the deviation was acceptable. Finally, taking Zechawa Gully as an example, using the empirical equations we designed the opening size of a beam dam aimed to trap sediment and regulate peak discharge of debris flow in the main gully.展开更多
Researchers in bioinformatics, biostatistics and other related fields seek biomarkers for many purposes, including risk assessment, disease diagnosis and prognosis, which can be formulated as a patient classification....Researchers in bioinformatics, biostatistics and other related fields seek biomarkers for many purposes, including risk assessment, disease diagnosis and prognosis, which can be formulated as a patient classification. In this paper, a new method of using a tree regression to improve logistic classification model is introduced in biomarker data analysis. The numerical results show that the linear logistic model can be significantly improved by a tree regression on the residuals. Although the classification problem of binary responses is discussed in this research, the idea is easy to extend to the classification of multinomial responses.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Jiangtang Xiaoke(JTXK) granule on endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in high fat diet(HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) KK-Ay mice.METHODS:KK-Ay mice were fed with HFD to ind...OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Jiangtang Xiaoke(JTXK) granule on endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in high fat diet(HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) KK-Ay mice.METHODS:KK-Ay mice were fed with HFD to induce the T2 DM model,while normal control C57 BL/6 J mice were given standard feed.Fasting blood glucose(FBG) in all mice was measured weekly and oral glucose tolerance tests(OGTTs) were performed at 4 and 10 weeks after start of treatment to determine glucose metabolism.Serum fasting insulin(FINS) and insulin sensitivity index(ISI) were measured to determine insulin sensitivity.m RNA expressions of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 alpha(e IF2α),glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78),activating transcription factor 4(ATF4),and C/EBP homology protein(CHOP) were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the protein expressions of p-e IF2α,GRP78,and CHOP were assessed by Western blotting.RESULTS:JTXK granule significantly reduced FBG and free fatty acid levels and improved OGTT at the120 min of the 10-week treatment in T2 DM KK-Ay mice.FINS and Hb Alc levels were reduced and insulin sensitivities were increased in KK-Ay diabetic mice,which were improved with the treatment of JTXK granule,especially at the 7 and 3.5 g/kg doses.JTXK granule at the 3.5 g/kg dose was most effective in reducing both gene and protein expressions of e IF2α,GRP78,and CHOP.CONCLUSION:ER stress response is increased in T2 DM KK-Ay mice.Treatment with JTXK granule attenuates glucose disorders,improves insulin sensitivity,and reduces serum FFA in T2 DM KK-Ay mice.The mechanisms may be attributed to regulation of the signaling ER stress pathway via decreasing e IF2α phosphorylation and suppressing e IF2α-ATF4-CHOP activation.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Organization Department of Sichuan Provincial Party Committee“Light of West China”Program(the key control techniques of glacial debris flow along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41772343)STS Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-STS-ZDTP015)
文摘Beam dams are a highly effective and commonly used open-type check dam in debris-flow hazard mitigation. In this study, dimensional analysis was used to obtain empirical equations for quantitatively determining the sediment-trapping and flow-regulating characteristics of a beam dam. To determine the coefficients of the empirical equations, flume experiments were conducted to simulate the trapping and regulating processes. The flow pattern, trapping, and regulating characteristics were investigated when debris flows passed through a beam dam. Debris-flow bulk density and peak discharge, and sediment-trapping ratios, were measured directly and indirectly. The results showed that three blocking actions occurred, and that blockage-breaking considerably influenced the trapping and regulating performance of the beam dam. The relative opening size and the sediment concentration were the two main factors affecting the performance of the beam dam. The ratio of trapping sediment decreased with relative opening, and increased with sediment concentration as well as reducing ratio of bulk density and reducing ratio of peak discharge. The sediment concentration and relative opening were the leading factors influencing the trapping and regulating sediment of a beam dam, followed by flume gradient. The results showed that the calculated values obtained using empirical equations were in good agreement with the values derived from the experiments, and that the deviation was acceptable. Finally, taking Zechawa Gully as an example, using the empirical equations we designed the opening size of a beam dam aimed to trap sediment and regulate peak discharge of debris flow in the main gully.
文摘Researchers in bioinformatics, biostatistics and other related fields seek biomarkers for many purposes, including risk assessment, disease diagnosis and prognosis, which can be formulated as a patient classification. In this paper, a new method of using a tree regression to improve logistic classification model is introduced in biomarker data analysis. The numerical results show that the linear logistic model can be significantly improved by a tree regression on the residuals. Although the classification problem of binary responses is discussed in this research, the idea is easy to extend to the classification of multinomial responses.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC81703971,NSFC81274041)Co-construction Project of Beijing Education Commission(No.0101216-2013,0101216-2014)+1 种基金the Key Drug Development Program(No.2012ZX09103201-005)the 111 project of MOE(No.B07007)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Jiangtang Xiaoke(JTXK) granule on endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in high fat diet(HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) KK-Ay mice.METHODS:KK-Ay mice were fed with HFD to induce the T2 DM model,while normal control C57 BL/6 J mice were given standard feed.Fasting blood glucose(FBG) in all mice was measured weekly and oral glucose tolerance tests(OGTTs) were performed at 4 and 10 weeks after start of treatment to determine glucose metabolism.Serum fasting insulin(FINS) and insulin sensitivity index(ISI) were measured to determine insulin sensitivity.m RNA expressions of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 alpha(e IF2α),glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78),activating transcription factor 4(ATF4),and C/EBP homology protein(CHOP) were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the protein expressions of p-e IF2α,GRP78,and CHOP were assessed by Western blotting.RESULTS:JTXK granule significantly reduced FBG and free fatty acid levels and improved OGTT at the120 min of the 10-week treatment in T2 DM KK-Ay mice.FINS and Hb Alc levels were reduced and insulin sensitivities were increased in KK-Ay diabetic mice,which were improved with the treatment of JTXK granule,especially at the 7 and 3.5 g/kg doses.JTXK granule at the 3.5 g/kg dose was most effective in reducing both gene and protein expressions of e IF2α,GRP78,and CHOP.CONCLUSION:ER stress response is increased in T2 DM KK-Ay mice.Treatment with JTXK granule attenuates glucose disorders,improves insulin sensitivity,and reduces serum FFA in T2 DM KK-Ay mice.The mechanisms may be attributed to regulation of the signaling ER stress pathway via decreasing e IF2α phosphorylation and suppressing e IF2α-ATF4-CHOP activation.
