Bi系高T_c超导材料的类多型结构及其超导电性

用 X 射线旋进照相、电子衍射和 TEM 方法观察到 Bi 系超导材料中某些类多型结构特征,显示了一维无序结构及衍射的弧化效应、带状结构均与它存在交生现象有关;用类多型结构特征阐明 BiO 层结构中 Bi^(+++)的位移将导致 BiO 层中多余的氧正是其超导电性改变的一种标志。

Community Structure and Diversity Distributions of Small Mammals in Different Sample Plots in the Eastern Part of Wuling Mountains

Five years＇ （2000-2004） continuous study has been carried out on small mammals such as rodents in seven different sample plots, at three different altitudes and in six different ecological environment types in the eastern part of the Wuling Mountains, south bank of the Three Gorges of Yangtze River in Hubei. A total of 29 297 rat clamps/times were placed and 2271 small mammals such as rodents were captured, and 26 small mammals were captured by other means. All the small mammals captured belonged to 8 families 19 genera and 24 species, of which rodentia accounted for 70.83% and insectivora 29.17%. Through analysis of the data, the results showed that： 1 ） although the species richness had a trend of increasing along different sample plots as altitude increased from south to north, quite a few species showed a wide habitat range in a vertical distribution （ 15 species were dispersed over three zones and two species over two zones） , indicating a strong adaptability of small mammals such as rOdents at lower altitudes in most areas and comparatively less vertical span of entire mountains; 2） whether in seven different sample plots or six different ecological types, Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus were dominant species below 1200m, and Anourosorex squamipes, Niviventer confucianus and Apodemus draco were dominant above altitudes of 1300m, however, in quantity they were short of identical regularity, meaning they did not increase as the altitude did, or decrease as the ecological areas changed; 3）the density in winter was obviously greater than that in spring, and the distribution showed an increasing trend along with altitude, but the density in different sample plots was short of identical regularity, showing changes in different seasons and altitude grades had an important impact on small mammals such as rodents; 4） in species diversity and evenness index, there were obvious changes between the seven different sample plots, probably caused by frequent human interference in this area. Comparatively speaking, there was less human interference at high altitudes where vegetation was rich and had a high diversity and evenness index, and the boundary effect and community stability were obvious. Most ecological types have been seriously interfered with due to excessive assart at low altitudes with singular vegetation and low diversity and evenness index and poor community stability, showing an ecosystem with poor anti-reversion. If human interference can be reduced in those communities at high altitudes with low diversity and evenness index, the biological diversity in the communities will gradually recover to similar levels of other ecological areas.

Prediction Model of Secondary Substances in Anthocyanins Synthesis of Purple Corn

The aim of this study was to assay the polyphenols,flavonoid,polyphenol oxidase and phenylalnine ammonialyase which were relative to the anthocyanins synthesis of purple corn. The optimization of multiple linear regression model of anthocyanins synthesis was y=4.383 86-0.205 45x1＋5.479 638x2＋0.195 575x4. According to standard partial regression coefficient testing,the result indicated that polyphenols content was negatively correlated with anthocyanins and the relative influence to anthocyanins synthesis was-42.7%; flavonoid content and activity of polyphenol oxidase were positively correlated with anthocyanins of purple corn and the relative influence to anthocyanins synthesis were 71.45% and 73.32% respectively. There was no positive correlation between the activity of phenylalnine ammonialyase and anthocyanins of purple corn. The establishment of multiple linear regression model of anthocyanins synthesis was to provide theory foundation of producing anthocyanins in laboratory.

Studies on Genetic Polymorphism of Different Biotypeswith RAPD Analysis1

In the present paper, RAPD was used to study the genetic polymorphism of fisheswith different genome combinations. Our results indicated that four of the 26 random primersproduced distinct and reproducible electrophoretic patterns which were genome-specific andcould distinguish different biotypes. This enabled us to derive a diagnostic profile, from whichwe constructed a molecular marker key for different biotypes. By the analysis of the data ofRAPD patterns, the genetic relationship was constructed with UPGMA (unweighted pair-groupmethod with arithmetical averages). Our experiments also concluded that RAPD was moresuccessful in variety identification than protein polymorphism analysis and serohematology for itstechnological simplicity and sensitivity.

Forest Community Structure and Species Diversity of Eight Forest Communities in Wenchang City

The research took different forest communities in Wenchang Satellite Launch Center as the research object and selected 8 forests to explore species diversity, evenness, and dominance of forests. The results showed that species diversity tended to be volatile upon forest communities; semi-mangrove species was the richest, as high as 2.38, followed by natural secondary forest and mixed forests. Plant evenness from high to low was as follows： herbaceous layer〉shrub layer〉tree layer. Natural secondary forest was higher in canopy density, and fewer in herbaceous plants; diversity and evenness were lower than shrub layer. Mangrove forests held lower dominance, and dominance showed insignificant differences among species.

Summertime community structure of intertidal macrobenthos in Changdao Archipelago,Shandong Province,China

The community structure of intertidal macrobenthos in Changdao Archipelago(north of Shandong Peninsula,between Bohai Bay and the northern Yellow Sea) was examined based on samples collected from 14 stations in five transects in June 2007.Three stations corresponding to high,medium and low tidal areas were set up for each transect.A total of 68 macrobenthic species were found in the research region,most of which belonged to Mollusca and Crustacea.The average abundance and biomass of the macrobenthos was 1 383 ind./m2 and 372.41 g/m2,respectively.The use of an arbitrary similarity level of 20% resulted in identification of five groups among the 14 stations in the research region.There were remarkable differences in the biomass,abundance and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the different sediments.Specifically,the order of biomass was rocky shores > gravel > mud-sand > coarse sand > stiff mud,while the order of abundance was rocky shores > coarse sand > mud-sand > gravel > stiff mud,and that of the diversity index was mud-sand > gravel > stiff mud > rocky shores > coarse sand.The above results revealed that the sediment type was the most important factor affecting the structure of the macrobenthic community of the intertidal zone.

Genetic polymorphisms of MAFK, encoding a small Maf protein, are associated with susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in Japan

To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in maf protein K (MAFK), which encodes the MAFK, lead to increased susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in the Japanese population. METHODSThis case control study examined the associations between MAFK single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4268033 G>A, rs3735656 T>C and rs10226620 C>T) and ulcerative colitis susceptibility in 174 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) cases, and 748 subjects without no lower abdominal symptoms, diarrhea or hematochezia (controls). In addition, as the second controls, we set 360 subjects, who have an irregular bowel movement without abnormal lower endoscopic findings (IBM controls). RESULTSThe genotype frequency of rs4268033 AA and allelic frequency of the rs4268033A allele were significantly higher in the UC cases than in both controls (P = 0.0005 and < 0.0001, P = 0.015 and 0.0027 vs controls and IBM controls, respectively). Logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age and gender showed that the rs4268033 AA and rs3735656 CC genotypes were significantly associated with susceptibility to UC development (OR = 2.63, 95%CI: 1.61-4.30, P = 0.0001 and OR = 1.81; 95%CI: 1.12-2.94, P = 0.015, respectively). Similar findings were observed by the comparison with IBM controls. In addition, the rs4268033 AA genotype was significantly associated with all phenotypes of UC except early onset. There was no significant association between rs10226620 and ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONOur results provide the first evidence that MAFK genetic polymorphisms are significantly associated with susceptibility to UC development. In particular, rs4268033 is closely associated with an increased risk for the development of UC.

Aerosol Type Identification Using PARASOL Multichannel Polarized Data

PARASOL(Polarization & Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations from a Lidar) multi-channel and multi-directional polarized data for different aerosol types were compared.The PARASOL polarized radiance data at 490 nm,670 nm,and 865 nm increased with aerosol optical thickness(AOT) for fine-mode aerosols;however,the polarized radiances at 490 nm and 670 nm decreased as AOT increased for coarse dust aerosols.Thus,the variation of the polarized radiance with AOT can be used to identify fine or coarse particle-dominated aerosols.Polarized radiances at three wavelengths for fine-and coarse-mode aerosols were analyzed and fitted by linear regression.The slope of the line for 670 nm and 490 nm wavelength pairs is less than 0.35 for dust aerosols.However,the value for fine-mode aerosols is greater than 0.60.The Support Vector Machine method(SVM) based on 12 vector features was used to discriminate clear sky,coarse dust aerosols,fine-mode aerosols,and cloud.Two cases were given and validated by AErosol RObotic NETwork(AERONET) measurements,MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) FMF(Fine Mode Fraction at 550 nm) images,PARASOL RGB(Red Green Blue) images,and CALIOP(Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) VFM(Vertical Feature Mask) data.

A method for choice of optimum scale on land use monitoring in Tarim River Basin

Optimal scale is one of the important issues in ecology and geography.Based on land-use data of the Tarim River Basin in Xinjiang of China in the 1950s,regarding the area of land use types as the parameter in scale selecting,the histograms of the patches in area are charted.Then,by reinforcing the normalized scale variances(NSV) with 3 landscape indi-ces,the scale characteristics of land use in the Tarim River Basin can be summarized.(1) NSV in the Tarim River up to a maximum at scale of 1:50,000 which is considered appropriate for the Tarim River.(2) Diversity indices of saline land are consistent with NSV's.Diversity indices and NSV of sandy land showed that the appropriate scale is in the same scale domain.There is a significant difference between diversity indices and NSV of forestland and shrub-land.(3) Fractal dimension of sandy land and saline land showed a hierarchical structure at a scale of 1:10,000.Fractal dimension of forestland and shrubland are distributed under the same hierarchical structure in the region.

Diversity and Evolution of Inflorescences in Celastrales

Inflorescences structures in context of their evolution have been conducted for 60 genera and 170 species of Celastrales （according to APG （Angiosperm Phylogeny Group） III 2009, almost 60% of genera and 15% of species from this taxon of the world flora）. There are two big groups of inflorescences in Celastrales-intercalary （more often） and terminal. For many genera of Celastrales both types of inflorescences can be observed, although the frequency of their occurrence varies. There is an important difference between two types of inflorescences： character of completion of the main axis （the terminal flower present or absent）. Flower opening can be in basipetal （Celastraceae, Brexia） or acropetal （Stackhousiaceae） order. Partial inflorescence types included： simple, compound or umbrellate dichasia, spike, raceme, thyrse. Simple flowers of Parnassia are large, nested on long reproductive shoots, emerging from a rosette, with amplexicaule leaf.

Efficacy and Effect of SI17 Therapy on Pancreatic Polypeptide in Vascular and Tension-Type Headache

Background and purpose: Vascular and tension-type headache is most commonly encountered, and SI17 therapy has been tested to treat headache with good results. The efficacy of SI17 therapy for vascular and tension-type headache was compared and the effect of SI17 therapy on pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was studied. Materials and methods: 29 cases of vascular headache (20 cases in acute attack during the trial) and 27 cases of tension-type headache (19 cases in acute attack) were enrolled in the study. Plasma PP level before and 4th day after treatment was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: SI17 therapy is better for the treatment of vascular headache. Vascular headache with higher PP level and tension-type headache with normal PP level had good therapeutic results. Conclusion: The clinical efficacy is better for vascular headache with the increase of vagus tension and for tension-type headache with normal vagus tension.

Antigen Gene Cloning and Expression of HIV-1 Toward AIDS Vaccine Design Ⅱ.Subtype Classification and Quasi-species Identification of HIV-1

Objective: To analyze subtypes and quasi-species of isolatedviruses from HIV-1 infected individuals among the populationof Guangdong Province, for understanding the molecularepidemiological dynamics of local HIV-1 isolates, thus laying afoundation for designing a candidate AIDS vaccine. Methods: By hetero-duplex mobility assay (HMA) andsingle strand conformation poly-morphism (SSCP) analysison amplicons from single-primed polymerase chain reaction(SP-PCR), subtypes and quasi-species of tested HIV-1 isolateswere elucidated, and amplicons were sequenced forconfirmation. Results: Specific amplicons from different subtypes andquasi-species of HIV-1 could be discernible by HMA andSSCP analysis. Conclusion: HIV-1 isolates from different patients might beeither a different subtype or an identical subtype, and HIV-1isolates from an individual were present in a population ofquasi-species.

The Categories and Benefit-sharing of Traditional Knowledge Associated with Biodiversity

A milestone in the Year of Biodiversity is that the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity （CBD） was adopted in the 10th Conference of Parties （COP 10） held in Nagoya, Japan, Oct 18- 29, 2010. Traditional knowledge （TK） is a key issue in the Protocol’s text and its negotiating period. This paper aimed to protect TK by defining its concepts and categories and promoting benefit-sharing with TK’s holders. Based on the analysis for the TK concepts of relevant international organizations and conventions, in particularly on the author’s current years’ research work on TK in the ethnic areas of China, this paper proposes the categories and the classification system for the TK associated with biological resources, i.e. （i） the knowledge for traditional use of agricultural bio-species and genetic resources; （ii） the knowledge for traditional use of medicinal bio-species;（iii） traditional technical innovations for bio- resource use and traditional practices for farming and living styles; （iv） traditional cultures such as customary laws and community protocols that are related to conservation and sustainable use of bio-resources; and （v） traditional geographically biological indicators. Furthermore, this paper introduced the provisions for access and benefit-sharing of TK and proposed to share fairly and equitably the benefits produced from use of TK with indigenous people, local communities and other kinds of holders such as a country for the ancient documented TK. In addition, aimed to the existing problems for traditional knowledge protection, the national strategy for TK protection was introduced and measures for TK inheritance, development, utilization and protection measures were put forward, which are significant for TK’s popularization and beneficial to local communities of the ethnic groups in China.

Nonlinear stability of traveling waves for a multi-type SIS epidemic model

The nonlinear stability of traveling waves for a multi-type SIS epidemic model is inves- tigated in this paper. By using the comparison principle together with the weighted energy function, we obtain the exponential stability of traveling wavefront with large wave speed. The initial perturbation around the traveling wavefront decays exponen- tially as x → -∞, but it can be arbitrarily large in other locations.