Biological community including carabids and spiders were investigated in 30 various fields margins and 10 related fields by pitfall trap in Quzhou area of North China Plain.It was concluded that biodiversity index and...Biological community including carabids and spiders were investigated in 30 various fields margins and 10 related fields by pitfall trap in Quzhou area of North China Plain.It was concluded that biodiversity index and numbers of biological groups in field margins are higher than those in the related crop fields.There is a given relationship between the attributes of field margins and biodiversity.The control of structure and vegetation in field margins would be the possible way to protect natural enemy such as carabides and spiders.展开更多
In this paper, the author applies adjacent lattice method and Siegel mass formula to determine the classes of positive definite unimodular lattices of rank 4 over Z , and obtains that the class number of unit genus ...In this paper, the author applies adjacent lattice method and Siegel mass formula to determine the classes of positive definite unimodular lattices of rank 4 over Z , and obtains that the class number of unit genus gen( I 4 ) is nine and the class number of even unimodular lattices is three, and also gives the representative lattices of each class.展开更多
In this paper, the author applies adjacent lattice method and Siegel mass formula to determine the classes of positive definite unimodular lattices of rank 4 over Z , and obtains that the class number of unit genus ...In this paper, the author applies adjacent lattice method and Siegel mass formula to determine the classes of positive definite unimodular lattices of rank 4 over Z , and obtains that the class number of unit genus gen( I 4 ) is nine and the class number of even unimodular lattices is three, and also gives the representative lattices of each class.展开更多
Background: Understanding the changes in population dynamics, including demographics, distribution and threats is essential for species status assessing.The endangered Green Peafowl (Povo muticus) has experienced s...Background: Understanding the changes in population dynamics, including demographics, distribution and threats is essential for species status assessing.The endangered Green Peafowl (Povo muticus) has experienced sharp population declines and d stribution range diminishing both in China and Southeast Asia. Field population surveys have not been conducted in China since the 1990s, which hindered conservation planning and decision-making.Methods: With interview and line transects methods, we figured out the population and distribution changes of Green Peafowl across its historical ranges over the past three decades in China during 2014-2017.Results: The Green Peafowl once habituated in 54 counties in China. Nearly 60% of the distribution counties were lost in the past three decades, with the left 22 counties distributed in central, southern and western Yunnan, SW China. Population decrease detected in all distribution areas except for Shuangbai and Xinping county where more than 60% of the total population is located. Only about 30% of the former bird population were recorded with the same interviewing method as 20 years ago.Three birds, 1 carcass, 6 calls and 12 footprints were detected along the 865 km line transects, indicating extremely low encounter rate of Green Peafowl in field. Sharp decreases in flock sizes were also detected, from 8-20 birds per flock in the 1990s to 3-5 birds at present. Poaching and habitat conversion are two widespread and long-lasting threats, while poison tion affect regional population's survival. Large flocks of 18 ng caused mortality in the past and hydropower construc -27 birds were discovered in the field, which increases our confidence of population recovery of this endangered pheasant in China.Conclusions: Only interviewed bird number and counts based on line transects were presented in this study, without further population estimation due to limitation of the data sets. Although the actual population of this cryptic bird must be underestimated, dramatic population declines and distribution concentrations of the endangered Green Peafowl occurred over the past 30 years in China undoubtedly.展开更多
Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake on the Yunnan Plateau, Southwest China. In recent decades, a number of exotic fish species have been introduced into the lake and the fish community has changed conside...Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake on the Yunnan Plateau, Southwest China. In recent decades, a number of exotic fish species have been introduced into the lake and the fish community has changed considerably. We evaluated the status of the fish community based on surveys with multimesh gillnet, trap net, and benthic fyke-net between May 2009 and April 2012. In addition, we evaluated the change in the community using historical data (1952-2010) describing the fish community and fishery harvest. The current fish community is dominated by small-sized fishes, including Pseudorasbora parva, Rhinogobius giurinus, Micropercops swinhonis, Hemiculter leucisculus, and Rhinogobius cliffordpopei. These accounted for 87.7% of the 22 546 total specimens collected. Omnivorous and carnivorous species dominated the community. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) plot revealed that the distribution of fishes in the lake is influenced by aquatic plants, water temperature, pH, and season. The abundance of indigenous species has declined sharply, and a majority of endemic species have been extirpated from the lake (a decrease from seven to two species). In contrast, the number of exotic species has increased since the 1960s to a total of 22 at present. The fishery harvest decreased initially following the 1960s, but has since increased due to the introduction of non-native fish and stocking of native fish. The fishery harvest was significantly correlated with total nitrogen, not total phosphorus, during the past 20 years. Based on our results, we discuss recommendations for the restoration and conservation of the fish resources in Erhai Lake.展开更多
Lie group method provides an efficient tool to solve nonlinear partial differential equations. This paper suggests Lie group method for fractional partial differential equations. A time-fractional Burgers equation is ...Lie group method provides an efficient tool to solve nonlinear partial differential equations. This paper suggests Lie group method for fractional partial differential equations. A time-fractional Burgers equation is used as an example to illustrate the effectiveness of the Lie group method and some classes of exact solutions are obtained.展开更多
Traditional clustering algorithms generally have some problems, such as the sensitivity to initializing parameter, difficulty in finding out the optimization clustering result and the validity of clustering. In this p...Traditional clustering algorithms generally have some problems, such as the sensitivity to initializing parameter, difficulty in finding out the optimization clustering result and the validity of clustering. In this paper, a FSM and a mathematic model of a new-style clustering algorithm based on the swarm intelligence are provided. In this algorithm, the clustering main body moves in a three-dimensional space and has the abilities of memory, communication, analysis, judgment and coordinating information. Experimental results conform that this algorithm has many merits such as insensitive to the order of the data, capable of dealing with exceptional, high-dimension or complicated data. The algorithm can be used in the fields of Web mining, incremental clustering. economic analysis, oattern recognition, document classification and so on.展开更多
The community structure of intertidal macrobenthos in Changdao Archipelago(north of Shandong Peninsula,between Bohai Bay and the northern Yellow Sea) was examined based on samples collected from 14 stations in five tr...The community structure of intertidal macrobenthos in Changdao Archipelago(north of Shandong Peninsula,between Bohai Bay and the northern Yellow Sea) was examined based on samples collected from 14 stations in five transects in June 2007.Three stations corresponding to high,medium and low tidal areas were set up for each transect.A total of 68 macrobenthic species were found in the research region,most of which belonged to Mollusca and Crustacea.The average abundance and biomass of the macrobenthos was 1 383 ind./m2 and 372.41 g/m2,respectively.The use of an arbitrary similarity level of 20% resulted in identification of five groups among the 14 stations in the research region.There were remarkable differences in the biomass,abundance and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the different sediments.Specifically,the order of biomass was rocky shores > gravel > mud-sand > coarse sand > stiff mud,while the order of abundance was rocky shores > coarse sand > mud-sand > gravel > stiff mud,and that of the diversity index was mud-sand > gravel > stiff mud > rocky shores > coarse sand.The above results revealed that the sediment type was the most important factor affecting the structure of the macrobenthic community of the intertidal zone.展开更多
Clustering categorical data, an integral part of data mining,has attracted much attention recently. In this paper, the authors formally define the categorical data clustering problem as an optimization problem from th...Clustering categorical data, an integral part of data mining,has attracted much attention recently. In this paper, the authors formally define the categorical data clustering problem as an optimization problem from the viewpoint of cluster ensemble, and apply cluster ensemble approach for clustering categorical data. Experimental results on real datasets show that better clustering accuracy can be obtained by comparing with existing categorical data clustering algorithms.展开更多
In this paper we define an equivalence relation on the set of all xj in order to form a basis for a new descent algebra of Weyl groups of type A,. By means of this, we construct a new commutative and semi-simple desce...In this paper we define an equivalence relation on the set of all xj in order to form a basis for a new descent algebra of Weyl groups of type A,. By means of this, we construct a new commutative and semi-simple descent algebra for Weyl groups of type An generated by equivalence classes arising from this equivalence relation.展开更多
The eigenfunction method put forward by Chen Jin-quan is illustrated. We apply this theory to the space group D1_ 6h. The selection rules of this space are worked out in the points of higher symmetry A,K,H in the firs...The eigenfunction method put forward by Chen Jin-quan is illustrated. We apply this theory to the space group D1_ 6h. The selection rules of this space are worked out in the points of higher symmetry A,K,H in the first Brillion Zone. The C-G coefficients are calculated for K.HA.展开更多
Data analysis and automatic processing is often interpreted as knowledge acquisition. In many cases it is necessary to somehow classify data or find regularities in them. Results obtained in the search of regularities...Data analysis and automatic processing is often interpreted as knowledge acquisition. In many cases it is necessary to somehow classify data or find regularities in them. Results obtained in the search of regularities in intelligent data analyzing applications are mostly represented with the help of IF-THEN rules. With the help of these rules the following tasks are solved: prediction, classification, pattern recognition and others. Using different approaches---clustering algorithms, neural network methods, fuzzy rule processing methods--we can extract rules that in an understandable language characterize the data. This allows interpreting the data, finding relationships in the data and extracting new rules that characterize them. Knowledge acquisition in this paper is defined as the process of extracting knowledge from numerical data in the form of rules. Extraction of rules in this context is based on clustering methods K-means and fuzzy C-means. With the assistance of K-means, clustering algorithm rules are derived from trained neural networks. Fuzzy C-means is used in fuzzy rule based design method. Rule extraction methodology is demonstrated in the Fisher's Iris flower data set samples. The effectiveness of the extracted rules is evaluated. Clustering and rule extraction methodology can be widely used in evaluating and analyzing various economic and financial processes.展开更多
Weak Hopf algebra is defined. The aim of this work is to study the relations between the weak antipode of a weak Hopf algelra and the monoid of group like elements. At first, the author shows some properties of weak ...Weak Hopf algebra is defined. The aim of this work is to study the relations between the weak antipode of a weak Hopf algelra and the monoid of group like elements. At first, the author shows some properties of weak Hopf algebras. And, for some weak Hopf algebras, some properties of the weak antipodes are given if the monoids of group like elements are inverse or orthodox semigroups. At end, the author gets a weak Hopf algebra whose monoid of group like elements is regular.展开更多
文摘Biological community including carabids and spiders were investigated in 30 various fields margins and 10 related fields by pitfall trap in Quzhou area of North China Plain.It was concluded that biodiversity index and numbers of biological groups in field margins are higher than those in the related crop fields.There is a given relationship between the attributes of field margins and biodiversity.The control of structure and vegetation in field margins would be the possible way to protect natural enemy such as carabides and spiders.
文摘In this paper, the author applies adjacent lattice method and Siegel mass formula to determine the classes of positive definite unimodular lattices of rank 4 over Z , and obtains that the class number of unit genus gen( I 4 ) is nine and the class number of even unimodular lattices is three, and also gives the representative lattices of each class.
文摘In this paper, the author applies adjacent lattice method and Siegel mass formula to determine the classes of positive definite unimodular lattices of rank 4 over Z , and obtains that the class number of unit genus gen( I 4 ) is nine and the class number of even unimodular lattices is three, and also gives the representative lattices of each class.
基金the financial supports from the Biodiversity Conservation Fund from Yunnan Environmental Protection DepartmentSpecial Funds for Green Peafowl Investigation from State Forestry Administration of the People’s Republic of Chinasupported by the Key Laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of Universities in Yunnan Province
文摘Background: Understanding the changes in population dynamics, including demographics, distribution and threats is essential for species status assessing.The endangered Green Peafowl (Povo muticus) has experienced sharp population declines and d stribution range diminishing both in China and Southeast Asia. Field population surveys have not been conducted in China since the 1990s, which hindered conservation planning and decision-making.Methods: With interview and line transects methods, we figured out the population and distribution changes of Green Peafowl across its historical ranges over the past three decades in China during 2014-2017.Results: The Green Peafowl once habituated in 54 counties in China. Nearly 60% of the distribution counties were lost in the past three decades, with the left 22 counties distributed in central, southern and western Yunnan, SW China. Population decrease detected in all distribution areas except for Shuangbai and Xinping county where more than 60% of the total population is located. Only about 30% of the former bird population were recorded with the same interviewing method as 20 years ago.Three birds, 1 carcass, 6 calls and 12 footprints were detected along the 865 km line transects, indicating extremely low encounter rate of Green Peafowl in field. Sharp decreases in flock sizes were also detected, from 8-20 birds per flock in the 1990s to 3-5 birds at present. Poaching and habitat conversion are two widespread and long-lasting threats, while poison tion affect regional population's survival. Large flocks of 18 ng caused mortality in the past and hydropower construc -27 birds were discovered in the field, which increases our confidence of population recovery of this endangered pheasant in China.Conclusions: Only interviewed bird number and counts based on line transects were presented in this study, without further population estimation due to limitation of the data sets. Although the actual population of this cryptic bird must be underestimated, dramatic population declines and distribution concentrations of the endangered Green Peafowl occurred over the past 30 years in China undoubtedly.
基金Supported by the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Sector(Agriculture)(No.200903048-04)the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China(No.2012ZX07105-004)the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30830025)
文摘Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake on the Yunnan Plateau, Southwest China. In recent decades, a number of exotic fish species have been introduced into the lake and the fish community has changed considerably. We evaluated the status of the fish community based on surveys with multimesh gillnet, trap net, and benthic fyke-net between May 2009 and April 2012. In addition, we evaluated the change in the community using historical data (1952-2010) describing the fish community and fishery harvest. The current fish community is dominated by small-sized fishes, including Pseudorasbora parva, Rhinogobius giurinus, Micropercops swinhonis, Hemiculter leucisculus, and Rhinogobius cliffordpopei. These accounted for 87.7% of the 22 546 total specimens collected. Omnivorous and carnivorous species dominated the community. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) plot revealed that the distribution of fishes in the lake is influenced by aquatic plants, water temperature, pH, and season. The abundance of indigenous species has declined sharply, and a majority of endemic species have been extirpated from the lake (a decrease from seven to two species). In contrast, the number of exotic species has increased since the 1960s to a total of 22 at present. The fishery harvest decreased initially following the 1960s, but has since increased due to the introduction of non-native fish and stocking of native fish. The fishery harvest was significantly correlated with total nitrogen, not total phosphorus, during the past 20 years. Based on our results, we discuss recommendations for the restoration and conservation of the fish resources in Erhai Lake.
文摘Lie group method provides an efficient tool to solve nonlinear partial differential equations. This paper suggests Lie group method for fractional partial differential equations. A time-fractional Burgers equation is used as an example to illustrate the effectiveness of the Lie group method and some classes of exact solutions are obtained.
基金Sponsored by the Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of Qingdao University of Science and Technology.
文摘Traditional clustering algorithms generally have some problems, such as the sensitivity to initializing parameter, difficulty in finding out the optimization clustering result and the validity of clustering. In this paper, a FSM and a mathematic model of a new-style clustering algorithm based on the swarm intelligence are provided. In this algorithm, the clustering main body moves in a three-dimensional space and has the abilities of memory, communication, analysis, judgment and coordinating information. Experimental results conform that this algorithm has many merits such as insensitive to the order of the data, capable of dealing with exceptional, high-dimension or complicated data. The algorithm can be used in the fields of Web mining, incremental clustering. economic analysis, oattern recognition, document classification and so on.
基金Supported by Shandong 908 Project for Islands Investigationthe Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No 072715)
文摘The community structure of intertidal macrobenthos in Changdao Archipelago(north of Shandong Peninsula,between Bohai Bay and the northern Yellow Sea) was examined based on samples collected from 14 stations in five transects in June 2007.Three stations corresponding to high,medium and low tidal areas were set up for each transect.A total of 68 macrobenthic species were found in the research region,most of which belonged to Mollusca and Crustacea.The average abundance and biomass of the macrobenthos was 1 383 ind./m2 and 372.41 g/m2,respectively.The use of an arbitrary similarity level of 20% resulted in identification of five groups among the 14 stations in the research region.There were remarkable differences in the biomass,abundance and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the different sediments.Specifically,the order of biomass was rocky shores > gravel > mud-sand > coarse sand > stiff mud,while the order of abundance was rocky shores > coarse sand > mud-sand > gravel > stiff mud,and that of the diversity index was mud-sand > gravel > stiff mud > rocky shores > coarse sand.The above results revealed that the sediment type was the most important factor affecting the structure of the macrobenthic community of the intertidal zone.
文摘Clustering categorical data, an integral part of data mining,has attracted much attention recently. In this paper, the authors formally define the categorical data clustering problem as an optimization problem from the viewpoint of cluster ensemble, and apply cluster ensemble approach for clustering categorical data. Experimental results on real datasets show that better clustering accuracy can be obtained by comparing with existing categorical data clustering algorithms.
文摘In this paper we define an equivalence relation on the set of all xj in order to form a basis for a new descent algebra of Weyl groups of type A,. By means of this, we construct a new commutative and semi-simple descent algebra for Weyl groups of type An generated by equivalence classes arising from this equivalence relation.
文摘The eigenfunction method put forward by Chen Jin-quan is illustrated. We apply this theory to the space group D1_ 6h. The selection rules of this space are worked out in the points of higher symmetry A,K,H in the first Brillion Zone. The C-G coefficients are calculated for K.HA.
文摘Data analysis and automatic processing is often interpreted as knowledge acquisition. In many cases it is necessary to somehow classify data or find regularities in them. Results obtained in the search of regularities in intelligent data analyzing applications are mostly represented with the help of IF-THEN rules. With the help of these rules the following tasks are solved: prediction, classification, pattern recognition and others. Using different approaches---clustering algorithms, neural network methods, fuzzy rule processing methods--we can extract rules that in an understandable language characterize the data. This allows interpreting the data, finding relationships in the data and extracting new rules that characterize them. Knowledge acquisition in this paper is defined as the process of extracting knowledge from numerical data in the form of rules. Extraction of rules in this context is based on clustering methods K-means and fuzzy C-means. With the assistance of K-means, clustering algorithm rules are derived from trained neural networks. Fuzzy C-means is used in fuzzy rule based design method. Rule extraction methodology is demonstrated in the Fisher's Iris flower data set samples. The effectiveness of the extracted rules is evaluated. Clustering and rule extraction methodology can be widely used in evaluating and analyzing various economic and financial processes.
文摘Weak Hopf algebra is defined. The aim of this work is to study the relations between the weak antipode of a weak Hopf algelra and the monoid of group like elements. At first, the author shows some properties of weak Hopf algebras. And, for some weak Hopf algebras, some properties of the weak antipodes are given if the monoids of group like elements are inverse or orthodox semigroups. At end, the author gets a weak Hopf algebra whose monoid of group like elements is regular.