自主导航能力是无人系统所要具备的核心能力。近年来,无人系统作业的环境日益复杂,所面临的任务也越来越有挑战性,这对其自主导航能力提出更高的要求。随着神经科学和人工智能的不断发展,基于动物大脑空间导航机理的类脑导航技术已经成...自主导航能力是无人系统所要具备的核心能力。近年来,无人系统作业的环境日益复杂,所面临的任务也越来越有挑战性,这对其自主导航能力提出更高的要求。随着神经科学和人工智能的不断发展,基于动物大脑空间导航机理的类脑导航技术已经成为一种解决复杂环境下智能导航问题的方案。本文对类脑智能导航技术的发展历程进行梳理与总结,重点讨论类脑导航的空间认知模型建模技术及其应用技术——类脑同时定位与建图(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)技术及类脑集群导航技术。最后,总结目前类脑导航技术面临的挑战和不足,并探讨未来的重要发展方向。展开更多
Objective Category-specific recognition and naming deficits have been observed in a variety of patient populations. However, the category-specific cortices for naming famous faces, animals and man-made objects remain ...Objective Category-specific recognition and naming deficits have been observed in a variety of patient populations. However, the category-specific cortices for naming famous faces, animals and man-made objects remain controversial. The present study aimed to study the specific areas involved in naming pictures of these 3 categories using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Functional images were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping and the 3 different contrasts were evaluated using t statistics by comparing the naming tasks to their baselines.The contrast images were entered into a random-effects group level analysis.The results were reported in Montreal Neurological Institute co-ordinates,and anatomical regions were identified using an automated anatomical labeling method with XJview 8.Results Naming famous faces caused more activation in the bilateral head of the hippocampus and amygdala with significant left dominance. Bilateral activation of pars triangularis and pars opercularis in the naming of famous faces was also revealed. Naming animals evoked greater responses in the left supplementary motor area, while naming man-made objects evoked more in the left premotor area,left pars orbitalis and right supplementary motor area. The extent of bilateral fusiform gyri activation by naming man-made objects was much larger than that by naming of famous faces or animals.Even in the overlapping sites of activation,some differences among the categories were found for activation in the fusiform gyri.Conclusion The cortices involved in the naming process vary with the naming of famous faces,animals and man-made objects.This finding suggests that different categories of pictures should be used during intra-operative language mapping to generate a broader map of language function, in order to minimize the incidence of false-negative stimulation and permanent post-operative deficits.展开更多
文摘自主导航能力是无人系统所要具备的核心能力。近年来,无人系统作业的环境日益复杂,所面临的任务也越来越有挑战性,这对其自主导航能力提出更高的要求。随着神经科学和人工智能的不断发展,基于动物大脑空间导航机理的类脑导航技术已经成为一种解决复杂环境下智能导航问题的方案。本文对类脑智能导航技术的发展历程进行梳理与总结,重点讨论类脑导航的空间认知模型建模技术及其应用技术——类脑同时定位与建图(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)技术及类脑集群导航技术。最后,总结目前类脑导航技术面临的挑战和不足,并探讨未来的重要发展方向。
基金supported bythe Foundation of Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,China(No.2008A030201021)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.10151001002000010)
文摘Objective Category-specific recognition and naming deficits have been observed in a variety of patient populations. However, the category-specific cortices for naming famous faces, animals and man-made objects remain controversial. The present study aimed to study the specific areas involved in naming pictures of these 3 categories using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Functional images were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping and the 3 different contrasts were evaluated using t statistics by comparing the naming tasks to their baselines.The contrast images were entered into a random-effects group level analysis.The results were reported in Montreal Neurological Institute co-ordinates,and anatomical regions were identified using an automated anatomical labeling method with XJview 8.Results Naming famous faces caused more activation in the bilateral head of the hippocampus and amygdala with significant left dominance. Bilateral activation of pars triangularis and pars opercularis in the naming of famous faces was also revealed. Naming animals evoked greater responses in the left supplementary motor area, while naming man-made objects evoked more in the left premotor area,left pars orbitalis and right supplementary motor area. The extent of bilateral fusiform gyri activation by naming man-made objects was much larger than that by naming of famous faces or animals.Even in the overlapping sites of activation,some differences among the categories were found for activation in the fusiform gyri.Conclusion The cortices involved in the naming process vary with the naming of famous faces,animals and man-made objects.This finding suggests that different categories of pictures should be used during intra-operative language mapping to generate a broader map of language function, in order to minimize the incidence of false-negative stimulation and permanent post-operative deficits.
