豆谷类及其制品辐照杀虫防霉剂量要求研究

[目的]研究豆谷类及其制品辐照杀虫防霉工艺，阐述吸收剂量确定的依据。[方法]根据国内外研究结果和国际上有关辐照豆谷类及其制品杀虫防霉工艺规范中的规定，采用60Co-γ射线对豆谷类及其制品进行辐照杀虫防霉处理。[结果]试验得出，确定豆类、谷类辐照杀虫最低有效剂量为0．3kGy，豆类、谷类及其制品类辐照防霉最低有效剂量为3．0kGy，最高耐受剂量为7．0kGy。确定豆谷类及其制品辐照杀菌的适宜剂量范围为3．0～5．0kGy。[结论]研究可为提高优质谷类及其制品卫生质量品质、规范辐照加工生产提供参考依据。

豆皮果胶类多糖的提取及其在大豆蛋白凝胶类食品的应用

为提高大豆副产物利用率,拓展豆皮果胶类多糖(Soybean Hull Pectin Polysaccharide,SHPP)在凝胶类食品的应用,该研究采用盐辅助结合水热处理技术提取大豆豆皮中的豆皮果胶类多糖,并对其基本理化性质进行表征。通过以大豆蛋白为主要成分的凝胶类食品豆腐花为模型,探究不同添加量豆皮果胶类多糖(0~2.0%)与大豆蛋白的离散型相分离行为,分析其微相分离行为与宏观流变学性质、机械性能、持水性与感官评定的关联性,并与商品化柑橘果胶(Citrus Pectin,CP)作对比。结果表明,该提取法所得豆皮果胶类多糖提取率为17.95%±0.21%,其半乳糖醛酸含量为42.13%±2.05%,平均粒径为(210.3±2.9)nm,多分散性指数(Polydispersity Index,PDI)为0.466±0.037,豆皮果胶类多糖具有良好的亲水性和低黏度特性,易分散于水。添加0~0.5%豆皮果胶类多糖制备豆腐花,发现其微观上无相分离产生,具有良好的网络微结构;宏观上表现为外观白嫩,黏弹性、持水性与口感均良好。添加1.0%豆皮果胶类多糖的豆腐花宏观上出现明显析水,凝胶黏弹性和持水性均显著(P<0.05)减少。继续增加豆皮果胶类多糖至1.5%添加量则会导致相分离产生,蛋白凝胶网络微结构变得无序,网状孔隙增大,凝胶强度进一步减弱,保水性极差(46.2%±3.2%)。由此确定,豆皮果胶类多糖适宜添加量为0.5%。与经优化的柑橘果胶添加量为0.1%的豆腐花作比较,发现添加0.5%豆皮果胶类多糖的豆腐花在质构特性以及色泽、组织状态、滋味气味、口感、可接受度各方面的感官评分上均优于含柑橘果胶的豆腐花。结果表明豆皮果胶类多糖更适用于蛋白凝胶类食品。研究结果为豆皮果胶类多糖的应用开发,大豆副产物的再利用以及全豆食品的发展提供一定推动作用。

中国西南志留纪的豆海百合类

描述了豆海百合类２属７种，它们是：Ｐｉｓｏｃｒｉｎｕｓ（Ｐ．）ｐｉｌｕｌａ，Ｐ．（Ｇ．）ｋｏｓｏｖｅｎｓｉｓ，Ｐ．（Ｇ．）ｂｏｈｅｍｉｃｕｓ，Ｐａｍｐｉｓｏｃｒｉｎｕｓｏｌｌｕｌａ，Ｐ．Ｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｕｓ，以及Ｐｉｓｏｃｒｉｎｕｓ（Ｇ．）ｂｒｅｖｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和Ｐａｒａｐｉｓｏｃｒｉｎｕｓｐａｔｅｒｉｆｏｒｍｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．；并首次发现了Ｐ．（Ｇ．）ｂｏｈｅｍｉｃｕｓ萼杯内腔的内部钙质骨胳构造。同时，还就波希米亚豆海百合种内变异和豆海百合类的对称性进行了研究。

香豆精类化合物的药理、代谢、分析及应用

香豆精类化合物是许多植物和挥发油中存在的一类天然成分。此类成分在1822年由Voleg 首先从零陵香豆(Dipteryx odorata)中分离得到,并在1868年由 Perkin 合成。香豆精曾用于治疗癌症、烧伤、地中海热、风湿症,并被用作解痉药。本世纪50年代根据动物实验结果,香豆精曾被认为有致癌作用和肝毒性而遭禁用。后来发现它对人体无害,并表现出抗凝、抑制肿瘤和免疫调节等作用。有些香豆精类化合物如华法林已在临床上广泛应用。本文对此类化合物的药理、代谢、分析等方面的研究工作进行综述。

“平凉红牛”豆谷类饲料中毒的防治研究

“平凉红牛”是指在中国甘肃平凉特定自然环境和精细饲养方式下,经过长期繁育、改良生产的红色牛的商品品牌,包括当地秦川牛在内的各种杂交牛,以皮质厚韧,肉质细嫩著称。在饲养中,由于农户从爱畜出发,大量饲喂豆谷或对牛看管不严,以致牛绳散脱,牛桩松动或散放失管,从而使牛闯入禾田或粮仓暴食而发生。

“平凉红牛”豆谷类饲料中毒的防治研究

红牛养殖属于平凉区域的特色产业,尤其是在平凉地区养殖传统、特定温度、湿度、水质、植物资源等自然条件以及精细化的饲养模式之下,以牛肉为主的草畜产业逐渐地发展成了本地的经济支柱产业。在平凉红牛养殖的过程中,所饲喂的饲料中需要搭配适量的豆类,这对畜禽的生长发育具有促进作用。对此,文章中对"平凉红牛"豆谷类饲料中毒的防治进行了探究。

对香豆酸对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的抗过氧化作用(英文)

目的:研究对香豆酸,一种食物中含有的酚酸对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的抗过氧化治疗作用。方法:大鼠右后肢脚垫皮内注射0.1mL弗氏完全佐剂诱发关节炎。于佐剂注射后第11～18天连续给药8d,治疗组用药为对香豆酸(100mg/kg大鼠体质量,腹腔内给药),阳性对照组药物为吲哚美辛(3mg/kg大鼠体质量,腹腔内给药)。对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的肝脏、脾脏、血浆内脂质过氧化作用水平和抗氧化水平的变化进行测量,同时分析大鼠后肢的影像学改变以衡量对香豆酸的抗氧化作用。结果:佐剂性关节炎大鼠经对香豆酸治疗后,脂质过氧化作用和抗氧化水平恢复近正常值。影像学观察发现,治疗组大鼠的软组织肿胀、骨侵蚀及关节间隙狭窄情况得到缓解。结论:对香豆酸对佐剂性关节炎大鼠有明显的治疗作用,这种治疗作用可能与其抗氧化作用相关。

双歧杆菌四联活菌联合谷维素治疗女性肠易激综合征的疗效及对患者血清TNF-α、IL-6的影响

【目的】探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌联合谷维素治疗女性肠易激综合征的疗效及其对患者血清TNF-α、IL-6的影响。【方法】肠易激综合征患者86例，随机分为两组，每组43例。对照组：给予常规支持治疗。观察组：在对照组常规治疗的基础上加用谷维素及双歧杆菌四联活茵治疗。比较两组临床疗效，精神状态及炎性因子水平。【结果】观察组总有效率为95．35％高于对照组总有效率72．09％，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。治疗后，观察组患者症状严重程度、症状频率评分均低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。治疗后，观察组汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分（10．41±2．50）分和和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分（10．24±2．68）分低于对照组HAMD评分（12．92±3．16）分和HAMA评分（12．63±3．35）分，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。治疗后，观察组血清TNF-α水平（29．72±11．75）pg／mL、IL-6（11．23±3．15）ng／L均低于对照组血清TNF-α水平（43．56±12．47）pg／mL、IL-6（17．91±4．17）ng／L，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。【结论】双歧杆菌四联活菌联合谷维素用于治疗肠易激综合征疗效确切，可有效改善胃肠道功能及血清TNF-α、IL-6水平，提高患者生活质量。

Study on Flavonoids from the Methanol Extracts of Tephrosia purpurea Leaves

[Objective] The aim was to determine flavonoids from the MeOH extracts of Tephrosia purpurea leaves and their cytotoxicitives against the ovarian cells from Sprodenia litura （SL cells）.[Method] The compounds were isolated with column chromatography and their structures were established on the basis of various spectroscopic analysis （including UV,1D and 2D NMR analyses as well as HR-ESRMS）.The cytotoxicity against the SL cells was evaluated by using MTT method.[Result] Six known flavonoids,6-methoxykaempferol （1）,6-methoxykaempferol 7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside （2）,6-methoxykaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl（1→2）[α-rhamno-pyranosyl（1→6）]-β-galactopyranoside （3）,6-methoxykaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl （1 →2）[α-rhamnopyranosyl （1 →6）]-β-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside （4）,pongachin （5）,5,7-dimethoxy-8-（3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1Z-enyl） flavanone （6） were isolated and determined.Except compound 5,the others were isolated from T.purpurea for the first time.For the cytotoxicity compound 5 had significant activity with the IC50 value of 4.4 mg/L while compound 1 and 3,whose cytotoxicity exceeded rotenone,also showed moderate activity.[Conclusion] Of all the compounds from T.purpurea leaves,the content of 6-methoxykaempferol compounds was considerable.The profiles of these compounds against SL cells suggested that compounds 1,3 and 5,whose cytotoxicity exceeded rotenone,were worth further research.

Effect of two-channel gastric electrical stimulation with trains of pulses on gastric motility

AIM： To investigate the effect of two-channel gastric electrical stimulation （GES） with trains of pulses on gastric emptying and slow waves.METHODS： Seven dogs implanted with four pairs of electrodes and equipped with a duodenal cannula were involved in this study. Two experiments were performed.The first experiment included a series of sessions in the fasting state with trains of short or long pulses, each lasted 10 min. A 5-min recording without pacing was made between two sessions. The second experiment was performed in three sessions （control, single-channel GES, and two-channel GES）. The stimulus was applied via the 1st pair of electrodes for single-channel GES （GES via one pair of electrodes located at 14 cm above the pylorus）, and simultaneously via the 1st and 3rd channels for two-channel GES （GES via two pairs of electrodes located at 6 and 14 cm above the pylorus）, Gastric liquid emptying was collected every 15 min via the cannula for 90 min.RESULTS： GES with trains of pulses at a pulse width of 4 ms or higher was able to entrain gastric slow waves. Two-channel GES was about 50% more efficient than single-channel GES in entraining gastric slow waves. Two-channel but not single-channel GES with trains of pulses was capable of accelerating gastric emptying in healthy dogs. Compared with the control session, two-channel GES significantly increased gastric emptying of liquids at 15 rain （79.0% ± 6.4% vs 61.3% ± 6.1%, P 〈 0.01）, 30 min （83.2% ± 6.3 % vs 68.2% ± 6.9%, P 〈 0.01）, 60 min （86.9% ± 5.5 % vs 74.1% ± 5.9%, P 〈 0.01）, and 90 rain （91.0% ± 3.4% vs 76.5% ± 5.9%, P 〈 0.01）.CONCLUSION： Two-channel GES with trains of pulses accelerates gastric emptying in healthy dogs and may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of gastric motility disorders.

Advantages of Maize-Legume Intercropping Systems

An experiment was conducted during Kharif seasons of 2009 and 2010 on sandy loam soil of West Bengal, India to evaluate the productivity and economic viability of maize ＋ legume intercropping systems in additive as well as in replacement series with different row proportions. Maize （Zea rnays L.） cv. ＂Vijay＂ （composite）, green gram （Vigna radiata L.） cv. ＂Samrat＂, black gram （Vigna mungo L.） cv. ＂Sarada＂, soybean （Glycine max L. Merril） cv. ＂PK 327＂ and peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.） cv. ＂JL 24＂, were tested in monoculture as well as in intercropping situations with 1：1 （additive series） and 1：2 ratios （replacement series）. The result indicated that intercropped legumes improved the yield components of maize and offered some bonus yield. The highest maize grain yield （2,916.28 kg/ha） and maize equivalent yield （4,831.45 kg/ha） were recorded with maize ＋ green gram （1：1） and maize ＋ peanut （1：I）, respectively. The values of all the competition functions were always greater than unity and maize ＋ black gram （1：2） recorded the highest values of land equivalent ratio （1.433）, area time equivalent ratio （1.374） and land equivalent coefficient （0.421）. Maximum monetary advantage （Rs. 10,579.13） was found with maize ＋ green gam （l：1）. Maize ＋ peanut （1：2） combination recorded the highest relative net return （2.01）, net return （Rs. 28,523.08）, benefit-cost ratio （2.76） ad per day return （Rs. 259.30）.

Effects of Pulp Preconditioning on Total Polyphenols, O-diphenols and Anthocyanin Concentrations during Fermentation and Drying of Cocoa （Theobroma cacao） Beans

Changes in total polyphenols, O-diphenols and anthocyanin concentrations during fermentation and drying of pulp pre-conditioned cocoa （Theobroma cacao） beans were investigated using standard analytical methods. Increasing pod storage, fermentation and drying led to variable reductions in total polyphenols, O-diphenols and anthocyanins content of the beans. The rates of reduction were however more pronounced during fermentation than pod storage and drying. Storage of cocoa pods between 3-7 days with 6 and 7 days of fermentation and drying respectively retained 85%-90% of the total polyphenol and O-diphenols of the cocoa beans. Similarly, anthocyanin content of beans from the 10 days of pod storage decreased by 70% in the sixth day of fermentation. Pod storage decreased the anthocyanin content at all periods of fermentation. These suggest that the post-harvest treatments of pod storage, fermentation and drying all results in variable reductions in polyphenolic content （total polyphenols and O-diphenols） and anthocyanins content of cocoa beans.

Statistical Analysis of Regularity of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables Produced in Inner Mongoli

[Objective]The paper was to study regularity of pesticide residues in vegetables produced in Inner Mongolia.[Method]Mathematical statistic analysis was carried out on 6 800 samples of veggies,fruits,leguminous vegetables,nuts and seeds produced in Inner Mongolia.[Result]The dominated vegetables in Inner Mongolia were green leafy vegetables,solanaceous vegetables and melon vegetables,and their yields accounted for 70%of the total vegetables production.Since 2003,with the rapid increase of detected vegetable numbers,the status of vegetable quality safety had entered into a new stage of sustainable steady after a rapid decline or periodic fluctuation,and the differences in safety levels were obvious,of which the range of exceeding standard rate of pesticide residues in solanaceous vegetables,melon vegetables and leguminous vegetables(about 55%of the total vegetables)was under 2%,with average values of 1.1%,1.6%and 3.1%,respectively.They belonged to stable type.The exceeding standard rate of pesticide residues in green leafy vegetables and Chinese cabbage group(about 30%of total vegetables)presented a decreasing trend year by year,wondering in the range of 7%-10%.They belonged to main risk type.The time period of exceeding standard of pesticide residues in root vegetables and cole vegetables was under predictable,and its exceeding standard rate in some years was over 5%(amplitude variation is over 15percentage points).They belonged to random risk type.The kinds of pesticides,which exceeding standard rate in vegetables were relatively intensive,presented variance in different vegetable species.70%of the pesticides belonged to intermittent over-limits and the probability was below 5%.About 20%tradition pesticides often exceeded standard and their probabilities were over 30%.The exceeding standard of organophosphorus and carbamates pesticides in vegetables presented a decreasing tend,while the risk of some new pesticides containing nitrogen element and high effective pyrethroids showed an increasing tendency.[Conclusion]The paper provided decision making services for agricultural management departments.

Effects of fermented soy milk on the liver lipids under oxidative stress

AIM： To investigate the effects of fermented soy milk powder on the antioxidative status and lipid metabolism in the livers of CCh-injected rats. METHODS： Forty-five healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups according to five different diets： control （AIN-76）, AIN-76＋high- dose fermented soy milk powder, AIN-76＋low-dose fermented soy milk powder, AIN-76＋high-dose milk yogurt powder and AIN-76＋low-dose milk yogurt powder. The experiment lasted for 8 wk. After 4 wk, all the rats received intraperitoneal administration of CCh （0.2 mL/100 g body weight） every week. Total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, TBARS, ALP, and antioxidative enzymes in the liver were evaluated. RESULTS： There was also no significant difference in TBARS and antioxidative enzymes in the liver. TC and TG in the groups fed with fermented soy milk powder were generally lower than those fed with casein powder. CONCLUSION： Consumption of fermented soy milk was positive in lowering total cholesterol and TG accumulation in the liver under CCh-induced oxidative

Study on Plant Species Belonging to Fabaceae L. Family in Flora of A^lri Mountain

This study was carried out as a result of floristic expeditions in flora of Agri Mountain in Igdir between 2011 and 2014. As it is known, having diverse climatic types, Turkey has different and rich flora and vegetation. Over 380 plant species have been found in Agn Mountain up to now. From these species, 36 of them belong to Fabaceae family and they grow 900-3,000 m elevation above sea level on Agri Mountain. Fabaceae species are known throughout the world. As a result of researches carried out on Agri Mountain, 36 species were found, 10 of which belong to Fabaceae family. After Devis, an outstanding flora research has not been carried out in Agri Mountain so far. As a result of the researches carried out between 2011 and 2014, the number of genera reached to 10 and the number of species to 36. It was found out 17 species for the genus of Astragalus, two for Coronilla, five for Trifolium, three for Lathyrus, three for Onobrychis, three for Vicia and one for each Glycyrrhiza, Melilotus and Sophora. Eleven of these species are endemic. Those endemic species were： Astragalus aduncus Willd., Astragalus antalyensis, Astragalus davisii Chamb and Matthews., Astragalus eriocephalus Willd. subsp, eriocephalus Willd., Astragalus chaldiranicus Kit Tan and Sorger, Astragalus pinetorum Boiss., Astragalus fumosus, Astragalus vesicaris L. subsp, agridagensis Y. Zeynalov, Trifolium davissi Hossain, Lathyrus carcinus P. H. Davis, Onobrychis araxina Schischkin.

Food Legume Crops in Nigeria： Potentials for Soil Fertility and Food Security

The study was undertaken to assess the inorganic fertilizer production and consumption, export and import trends in Nigeria, assess the effect of food legume technology on farmers＇output, income, household inventories and inorganic fertilizer usage. Multi-stage sampling technique procedure was adopted in obtaining 300 respondents. Primary and secondary data were used. Simple descriptive statistics, t-test and correlation were used to analyse the data. Both the trend analysis result and test of mean differences showed a wide gap. The result revealed a significant increase in the yields of maize, millet, cocoyam, sweet potato, okro, tomato and overall aggregate crop yield of farmers after the adoption of the food legume technology （t = 2.78, 2.23, 3.70, 3.30, 2.20, 3.5 and 2.297; P 〈 0.05）, hence improves food security. Similarly, the result revealed significant positive change in terms of farmers＇ownership of house, increase in the number of rooms, improvement in water source, possession of radio, television/tape recorders and cell phone. Major constraints to production as revealed by the study include pests and diseases, low soil fertility, inadequate finance, storage problem and poor market for products. The study recommends adequate and regular supply of food legume production inputs to farmers and intensive control of pests and diseases.

An International Survey on State of the Art of Grain Legume Management in Gene Banks

An online survey addressed to members listed in the European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic Resources Networks Working Group on Graithe current problems in the management of GL germplasm, to work out the criterian Legumes and Grain Legumes （GL） germplasm managers and breeders was carded out to pinpoint and decisions involved in the implementation of regeneration procedures and to identify strategic areas where further research is required. The survey was divided into three sections： （1） germplasm collection details and current status of the regeneration needs; （2） assessment over the understanding of basic information required to carry out appropriate regeneration procedures such as the breeding systems, the pollination requirements and pollinating agents, the isolation techniques and regeneration facilities; and （3） assessment of different options, in addition to ＂ex situ＂, such as ＂in situ＂ and ＂on farm＂ conservation. Obtaining, collating and analysing different kinds of existing data on mating system of GL species, effective pollination control methods and isolation facilities by species and location is one example of a priority issue. The GL community makes a clear request for greater support for the development of well-designed methodologies of regeneration that maintain the genetic structure of populations and that the optimum regeneration strategy is most likely to be achieved through integrating pollinators with the regeneration procedures. A major concern of the GL community is the lack of empirical scientific information on the most suitable pollinator agents.

The Effect of Timor Island Legumes on Body Weight Gain of Post Weaning Bali Cattles

One major problem is the high mortality of calves due to feed shortages during the dry season. To overcome this problem, it needs feeding strategies based on local resources that can be provided by farmers. The purpose of this study was to determine body weight gain （BWG） of post weaning Bali cattle fed with legume. The study was conducted in experimental garden Lili, Kupang and designed with completely randomized design （CRD） 4 × 5; four kinds of legumes were used as treatment, such as： （1） Centrosema pascuorum; （2） Clitoria ternatea; （3） Desmodium sp.; （4） Leucaena leucocephala. Cattles used as the subject were separated into five groups based on body weight as the replication. The experimental data was tabulated and analyzed by covariance analysis （GenStat） and financial analysis （for analyzing revenue and real cost during the study）. The result shows that legume feeding of Leucaena leucocephala at the second, fifth, eighth and ninth week have no significant effect （P 〈 0.05） to BWG, but shows significant effect （P 〈 0.05） to BWG at the fourth week. The feeding of Centrosema pascuorum, Clitoria ternatea, Desmodium sp. and Leucaena leucocephala to post weaning Bali cattle showed higher feed consumption and higher BWG, especially in Leucaena leucocephala treatment. Feeding legume to post weaning Bali cattle is also economically profitable （return/cost （R/C） ratio 〉 1）.