联合类间及域间分布适配的迁移学习方法

在域间分布适配的过程中,容易丢失一些重要的域自身信息,在源域上难以训练获得一个有效的分类器,影响其在目标域上的泛化与标注性能.基于此种情况,文中提出联合类间及域间分布适配的迁移学习方法.通过学习一个公共投影矩阵,分别将源域与目标域映射到一个公共子空间上.采用最大均值差异方法分别度量类间及域间分布距离.在目标函数的优化过程中,不但显式地使域间分布差异变小,而且增大不同类别间的差异性,提高源域与目标域之间知识迁移的性能.在迁移学习数据集上的实验表明文中方法的有效性.

一种判断类间空间分布情形的有效方法

层次结构设计是层次支持向量机应用中的关键问题,不同层次结构下,层次支持向量机的分类性能有很大差别。分析了层次支持向量机及其存在的问题,提出了一种有效判断类间空间分布情形的简单方法。仿真试验表明,基于该方法设计的层次支持向量机与基于传统方法设计的层次支持向量机相比,具有较高的分类精度。

基于词频分布信息的优化IG特征选择方法

文本特征选择是文本分类的核心技术。针对信息增益模型的不足之处,以特征项的频数在文本中不同层面的分布为依据,分别从特征项基于文本的类内分布、基于词频的类内分布以及词频的类间分布等角度对IG模型逐步进行改进,提出了一种基于词频分布信息的优化IG特征选择方法。随后的文本分类实验验证了提出的优化IG模型的有效性。

基于模式识别的多类隐写分析

文章在小波频域高阶统计矩图象隐写分析基础上,将隐写分析问题扩充为多类问题,针对CorelDraw图象库5种常用的隐写方法进行了实验,结果表明该文方法不仅能检测出图象是否隐含数据,还能指出所用的隐写方法,识别率在90%以上。还提出了多类“类内类间分布图”,对于高维可分性好低维可分性差的图示问题,指导特征以及分类器的选择,具有很高的价值。

文本分类中的类别信息特征选择方法

随着网上电子文档的急剧增长,文本分类技术在信息检索中的应用变得日益重要.特征维数增加会使样本统计特性的评估变得更加困难,从而降低分类器的泛化能力,出现“过学习”的现象.因此,文档特征的选择和提取是文本分类的必要前提.提出一种基于类别信息的特征选择方法,该方法在尽量保留文档信息的同时,考虑了文档的类别信息.实验表明,这种方法的分类性能比较好,特别是在微平均指标上,与OCFS以及卡方统计量相比有较大幅度的提高.

一种改进的最邻近分类算法

K最邻近算法(K-nearest neighbor,KNN)是一种无参数、分类效果显著、简单的经典分类算法,但是实际的训练样本经常存在类与类之间分布不均的现象,造成实验结果的偏差。针对这个问题,进行基于密度改进KNN算法。实验结果表明,改进的分类算法在分类的准确率平均提高了3.3%,召回率平均提高1.6%,F1值均值提高2.4%。

一种基于词频信息的改进CHI文本特征选择

CHI是一种常用的文本特征选择方法。针对该模型的不足之处,以特征项的频数为依据,分别从特征项的类内分布、类间分布以及类内不同文本之间分布等角度,对CHI模型进行逐步优化,使得特征项频数信息得到了有效利用。提出了一种基于词频信息的改进CHI模型。随后的文本分类试验证明了提出优化CHI模型的有效性。

一种基于类别分布信息的文本特征选择模型

TF-IDF是一种常用的文本特征选择方法。基于该模型的特征选择思想,以特征项的类内分布、类间分布信息为依据,通过引入类内分布及类间分布权重因子对模型的TF及IDF部分进行加权,提出一种基于类别分布信息的文本特征选择模型。新模型使得TF部分含有类内文本频数信息,同时IDF部分含有特征项的类间频数信息。随后的文本分类试验表明,平均查全率、查准率分别提高6.4%、7.8%,F1值提高约7%,验证了本研究提出的基于类别分布的文本特征选择模型的有效性。

Distribution and composition of tintinnids ciliates in the northern South China Sea during summer

Tintinnids were enumerated and identified in samples collected from 36 stations between 18°-22°N, 107°-122 °E in the northern South China Sea （NSCS）. 44 species belonging to 24 genera of tintinnids were recorded. The dominant species were He/icostome/la /onga and Tintinnopsis radix. Tintinnids abundance ranged from 0 to 2 200 cell/L, and mean abundance was 221cell/L in the surface water. Tintinnids abundance and species numbers decreased from coast to offshore. Upwelling and Pearl River discharge influenced the distribution of tintinnids by regulating nutrients supply. Maximum abundance （2 200 cell/L） was found in the surface water of A1. Tintinnids abundance showed positive relationship with chlorophyll a （Chl a） concentration, and no significant relationship was found between tintinnids abundance and temperature.

Seasonal variation in species composition and abundance of tintinnids in Shantou coastal water,China

Two cruises were conducted to study the composition and seasonal variation of tintinnids （Protozoa： Ciliata） in Shantou coast water dudng spring and fall. Remarkable seasonal variations in environmental parameters, and tintinnids composition were observed. Tintinnids samples were enumerated and identified from 5 stations. 14 species belonging to 7 genuses of tintinnids were identified, and the dominate species was Leprotintinnus simple in these season. High tintinnids diversity and low abundance occurred in the fall, and on the contrary, low tintinnids diversity and high abundance occurred in the spring. No significant correlation occurred between tintinnids abundance and nutrients. Tintinnids abundance showed negative relationship with salinity （r2=0.63, P 〈 0.05）, maybe this was due to the cold raised water carried sum nutrients rise to the surface water in the fall, rich nutrients and high phytoplankton biomass decrease the importance of tintinnids in the energy flow of aquatic food web.

Spatial distribution of mountainous regions and classifications of economic development in China

China is a mountainous country with a great diversity of landform and geomorphology.This diversity underlines the need for regionalization and classification.This study defines the mountain terrains and regions with three criteria-elevation,relative height,and slope,and examines the extent of mountainous regions by using county as the basic administrative unit.According to the three parameters of economic base,resident income and development potential,we classified the economic development level in mountainous regions of China.The findings reveal that the extent of the mountainous region accounts for 74.9% of the China's Mainland's total area.The economic development of mountainous regions in China is classified into 4 main types and 23 subtypes.

Variation in the distribution of wintering anchovy Engraulis japonicus and its relationship with water temperature in the central and southern Yellow Sea

In the present study,we investigated a shift in the spatial distribution of wintering anchovy(Engraulis japonicus)and its relationship with water temperature,using data collected by bottom trawl surveys and remote sensing in the central and southern Yellow Sea,during 2000–2015.Our results indicate that the latitudinal distribution of wintering anchovy varied between years,but there was no consistent pattern in the direction of change(north or south).Wintering anchovy did not move northward with increasing water temperature.However,the latitudinal distribution of wintering anchovy correlated well with 10°C and 11°C isotherms.The results of both a one-step and a two-step generalized additive model indicated that water temperature was associated with both presence and biomass of wintering anchovy.This paper is the fi rst to systematically examine the relationship between anchovy distribution and water temperature using a variety of techniques.All the fi ndings confi rm the impact of water temperature on wintering anchovy distribution,which has important implications for the continued management of the anchovy resource and the enhancement of marine fi shery resources in the Yellow Sea,especially as the climate changes.However water temperature only partly explains the species distribution of anchovy,and stock characteristics also aff ect fi shery distribution.Therefore,other factors should be considered in future research.

Permeability in Flysch-Distribution Decrease with Depth and Grout Curtains Under Dams

A considerable number of in situ permeability tests in flysch are processed to a depth of 120m with a good spatial distribution. The distribution of permeability values for the different litho-types of this formation, their comparison and their decrease with depth is discussed. The depth where a permeability of 3 to 5×10-7m/sec can be retained (the limit of a reasonable grouting under a high dam) may be twofold if the geological history of the formation could not contain a compressional tectonic process. This depth may reach 100m in some cases. The differences in the mean values of permeability among the various litho-types are minor, while the presence of siltstones, always present although with varied participation, dramatically controls the global permeability.

Research on segregation evaluation methods of asphalt pavement based on air voids distribution

Eye observation was used to evaluate the segregation degree of asphalt pavement, which was not much creditable. To the asphalt pavement, road surface texture measuring method which has appeared recently can identify gradational segregation; but it can’t reflect the influence of the temperature segregation. However, using infrared temperature detector to evaluate the segregation must be taken during paving, which brings much inconvenience. In this paper, measuring the air voids distribution using non-nuclear density gauge to evaluate asphalt pavement segregation was introduced. Result shows that this method can directly reflect the comprehensive results of the two types of segregation in a high efficient and accurate way. Moreover, using the sketch map of segregation area can help to analyze the segregation reason visually.

Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes in Xiaosihai Lake,a shallow lake along the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, China

Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes were studied in autumn 2007 in the Xiaosihai Lake, a shallow lake along the middle reach of the Changjiang （Yangtze） River. Based on the plant cover, the lake was divided into three major habitats： Myriophyllum spicaturn habitat （MS habitat）, Trapa bispinosa habitat （TB habitat）, and non-vegetation habitat （NV habitat）. A modified pop-net was used for quantitative sampling of small fishes in the three habitats, and the Zippin＇s removal method was used for estimating densities of the small fishes. A total of 13 species belonging to 5 families were collected, with 11 species in MS habitat, 7 species in TB habitat, and 5 species in NV habitat. Habitat type had significant effect on the spatial distribution of small fishes. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the MS, TB and NV habitats were 1.28, 0.56 and 0.54, respectively. The total density and biomass of small fishes were significantly higher in the MS habitat （13.68 ind/m^2 and 4.44 g/m^2） than in the TB habitat （1.41 ind/m^2 and 0.54 g/m^2） and the NV habitat （1.08 ind/m^2 and 0.40 g/m^2）, and were not significantly different between the TB habitat and the NV habitat. Water depth had no significant effect on spatial distribution of the small fishes. It was suggested that vegetation type played an important role in habitat selectivity of small fishes, and the presence of submersed vegetation should be of significance in the conservation of small fish diversity.

SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTREMELY HEAVY PRECIPITATION FREQUENCY OVER SOUTH CHINA IN THE LAST 50 YEARS

This paper comprehensively studies the spatio-temporal characteristics of the frequency of extremely heavy precipitation events over South China by using the daily precipitation data of 110 stations during 1961 to 2008 and the extremely heavy precipitation thresholds determined for different stations by REOF, trend coefficients, linear trend, Mann-Kendall test and variance analysis. The results are shown as follows. The frequency distribution of extremely heavy precipitation is high in the middle of South China and low in the Guangdong coast and western Guangxi. There are three spatial distribution types of extremely heavy precipitation in South China. The consistent anomaly distribution is the main type. Distribution reversed between the east and the west and between the south and the north is also an important type. Extremely heavy precipitation events in South China mainly occurred in the summer-half of the year. Their frequency during this time accounts for 83.7% of the total frequency. In the 1960 s and 1980 s, extremely heavy precipitation events were less frequent while having an increasing trend from the late 1980 s. Their climatological tendency rates decrease in the central and rise in the other areas of South China, and on average the mean series also shows an upward but insignificant trend at all of the stations. South China's frequency of extremely heavy precipitation events can be divided into six major areas and each of them shows a different inter-annual trend and three of the representative stations experience abrupt changes by showing remarkable increases in terms of Mann-Kendall tests.

Investigation on Shellfish Species Living in the Intertidal Zone to Subtidal Zone of Fenjiezhou Island of Hainan

Based on the investigation on shellfish resources from the intertidal zone to subtidal zone of Fenjiezhou Island,Hainan during 2012-2014,the quantity,species,ecological distribution and floristic characters of shellfish from the intertidal zone to subtidal zone of Fenjiezhou Island were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 137 shellfish species were found in Fenjiezhou Island,and they belonged to 4 classes [Polyplacophora（1 species）,Gastropoda（94 species）,Bivalvia（40species）,Cephalopoda（2 species）],13 orders and 44 families.Among the families,Cypraeidae included 11 species,Muricacea included 9 species,Veneracea included9 species,Conidae included 8 species,Strombidae included 6 species,Cymatiidae included 6 species,and the other families all included less than 5 species.According to the characteristics of the components,most of the species belonged to the tropical or subtropical region,and they had a close relationship with coral reef.According to the floristic characters,the shellfish in Fenjiezhou Island belonged to the Indonesia-Malayan Subregion of Indo-West Pacific Region.

Regional Economic Types and Development Strategy of Small Towns in Suburb Beijing

The purpose of this article is to classify the regional economic types and development dynamics of small towns in suburb Beijing by applying the classification methods developed by Nelson's method and Location Quotient method into 183 small towns in Beijing.Four types of small towns are thus identified,including urban agriculture dominated towns,manufacturing dominated towns,service industry dominated towns and comprehensive type towns with balanced economic development.Within the environment of geographical information system,the spatial distribution pattern of four types of small towns with their evolution trend is analyzed.The results indicate that four types of small towns have obvious'core-periphery'spatial structure but with different functional orientations and evolution mechanisms.Based on this,the different development strategies for each type of small towns are summarized,providing a scientific reference for the differentiating planning and development strategies of these small towns.

Distributed heterogeneous inspecting system and its middleware-based solution

There are many cases when an organization needs to monitor the data and operations of its super-vised departments, especially those departments which are not owned by this organization and are managed by their own information systems. Distributed Heterogeneous Inspecting System (DHIS) is the system an organization uses to monitor its supervised departments by inspecting their information systems. In DHIS, the inspected systems are generally distributed, heterogeneous, and constructed by different companies. DHIS has three key processes-abstracting core data sets and core operation sets, collecting these sets, and inspecting these collected sets. In this paper, we present the concept and mathematical definition of DHIS, a metadata method for solving the interoperability, a security strategy for data transferring, and a middleware-based solution of DHIS. We also describe an example of the inspecting system at WENZHOU custom.

利用引文内容监测多学科交叉现象的方法与实证

[目的/意义]旨在从引文内容分析的角度探测不同学科的专业知识交叉情况。[方法/过程]首先采集PLOS ONE上6个学科的1 389篇学术论文,其中包含引文内容45 496条;然后利用句法分析方法识别引文内容中的名词词语;接着利用词语的类间分布熵计算词语术语度,确定引文内容中的学科术语;最后统计学科术语在其余5个学科的分布情况,探究其背后的学科交叉情况。[结果/结论]分析学科术语在其他学科的频次,得到6个学科之间的学科交叉性。引文内容术语能够探测学科的交叉融合现象,对改进传统的学科多样性测度具有重要的参考价值。