2008年拙文"Interpretations of YANG(阳)intheYijing"刊登于美国学术期刊Journal of Chinese Philosophy时,成中英教授(该刊主编)坚持将拙文"屯"卦的注音由我原来书写的"zhun",更改为"tun",...2008年拙文"Interpretations of YANG(阳)intheYijing"刊登于美国学术期刊Journal of Chinese Philosophy时,成中英教授(该刊主编)坚持将拙文"屯"卦的注音由我原来书写的"zhun",更改为"tun",并在拙文中加注宣称"屯"的本义应为"屯聚",指本人提出读音"zhun"与意义"困难"是错误的。本文根据《经典释文》所载录"屯"的两种音义纪录,说明"屯"的上古声类虽只有舌头音"t",但中古以降则已派生出舌上音"zh"(后世读为齿音)以专门表达"困难"的意义。再从"屯"卦六爻的含义、《彖传》的辞例、汉宋明清历代的《易》注考察,在在证明"困难"才是"屯"的本义。"屯"卦读音为"zhun",意义为"困难",是毫无争议余地的事实;将"屯"卦读为"tun",释为"屯聚"是错误的。展开更多
Successful crossbreeding between Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon melanotheron to produce a commercial hybrid has been difficult.The karyotypes and isoenzyme of these two species and their reciprocal hybrids（O....Successful crossbreeding between Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon melanotheron to produce a commercial hybrid has been difficult.The karyotypes and isoenzyme of these two species and their reciprocal hybrids（O.niloticus ♀ × S.melanotheron ♂,S.melanotheron ♀ × O.niloticus ♂,the last not included in the isoenzyme study） were investigated via metaphase chromosomes obtained from head kidney cells and electropherogram of lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） isoenzymes from the liver,kidney,white muscle,heart,and eye balls.The diploid chromosome number（2n=44） and the fundamental number（NF=50） of the four tilapia genotypes were the same.However,the karyotype of O.niloticus had three pairs of sub-metacentric（sm）,twelve pairs of sub-telocentric（st）,and seven pairs of telocentric（t） chromosomes,while S.melanotheron had one pair of metacentric（m）,two pairs of sm,12 pairs of st,and seven pairs of t chromosomes.The reciprocal hybrids both showed a mixed karyotype range between their parents：0.5 pair of m,2.5 pairs of sm,12 pairs of st,and seven pairs of t chromosomes.In view of the electropherogram of isozymes,only the LDH of the kidney showed significant clear bands,with five bands in O.niloticus,three bands in S.melanotheron,and duplicated six bands in the hybrids.The bands varied depending on their activities and mobilities.We considered that the differences in karyotype and isoenzyme were related to the genetic mechanism for post-mating isolation,and provided some additional basic genetic background of their taxonomy.展开更多
文摘2008年拙文"Interpretations of YANG(阳)intheYijing"刊登于美国学术期刊Journal of Chinese Philosophy时,成中英教授(该刊主编)坚持将拙文"屯"卦的注音由我原来书写的"zhun",更改为"tun",并在拙文中加注宣称"屯"的本义应为"屯聚",指本人提出读音"zhun"与意义"困难"是错误的。本文根据《经典释文》所载录"屯"的两种音义纪录,说明"屯"的上古声类虽只有舌头音"t",但中古以降则已派生出舌上音"zh"(后世读为齿音)以专门表达"困难"的意义。再从"屯"卦六爻的含义、《彖传》的辞例、汉宋明清历代的《易》注考察,在在证明"困难"才是"屯"的本义。"屯"卦读音为"zhun",意义为"困难",是毫无争议余地的事实;将"屯"卦读为"tun",释为"屯聚"是错误的。
文摘Successful crossbreeding between Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon melanotheron to produce a commercial hybrid has been difficult.The karyotypes and isoenzyme of these two species and their reciprocal hybrids（O.niloticus ♀ × S.melanotheron ♂,S.melanotheron ♀ × O.niloticus ♂,the last not included in the isoenzyme study） were investigated via metaphase chromosomes obtained from head kidney cells and electropherogram of lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） isoenzymes from the liver,kidney,white muscle,heart,and eye balls.The diploid chromosome number（2n=44） and the fundamental number（NF=50） of the four tilapia genotypes were the same.However,the karyotype of O.niloticus had three pairs of sub-metacentric（sm）,twelve pairs of sub-telocentric（st）,and seven pairs of telocentric（t） chromosomes,while S.melanotheron had one pair of metacentric（m）,two pairs of sm,12 pairs of st,and seven pairs of t chromosomes.The reciprocal hybrids both showed a mixed karyotype range between their parents：0.5 pair of m,2.5 pairs of sm,12 pairs of st,and seven pairs of t chromosomes.In view of the electropherogram of isozymes,only the LDH of the kidney showed significant clear bands,with five bands in O.niloticus,three bands in S.melanotheron,and duplicated six bands in the hybrids.The bands varied depending on their activities and mobilities.We considered that the differences in karyotype and isoenzyme were related to the genetic mechanism for post-mating isolation,and provided some additional basic genetic background of their taxonomy.
