玫瑰类黄酮素的提取方法和定量检测方法研究进展

玫瑰为蔷薇目蔷薇科植物,属于落叶灌木,历史悠久,是我国传统的名花之一,有着很高的观赏、药用和食用价值。玫瑰花含有丰富的类黄酮素,具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤等多种生物活性功能,因此玫瑰类黄酮素的研究受到了很多学者的关注。从植物类黄酮的提取与检测2个方面进行探讨总结,分析比较不同方法的特点和原理,从而为玫瑰类黄酮素的研究利用提供丰富的技术方法和思考途径。

胡柚皮中类黄酮素提取及残渣综合利用工艺研究

采用单因素法对比乙醇浸提、微波提取、超声波提取以及组合工艺提取类黄酮素的效果,优化其工艺参数。然后,再将提取残渣分别进行碱化、醇化预处理,进行柠檬酸和季铵盐接枝改性,以Cu2+和F-作为模型离子,进行静态吸附和动力学试验。结果表明,三元组合工艺类黄酮素提取率在同等其他条件下比二元法提高了13.9%。优化后的提取条件如下:70%(V/V)乙醇溶液(浸提比1∶10)浸泡下,依次于40kHz200W超声振荡9min、400W微波加热8min、80℃加热回流3h,可获得3.17mg/g提取率。25℃柠檬酸残渣改性吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型G=G0c/(A+c),G0=0.99mg/g,A=5.95mg/g。季铵盐残渣改性吸附剂对F-的吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型G=acb,a=0.0066,b=3.55。吸附动力学研究表明,阳离子的吸附饱和时间为10min,阴离子的吸附饱和时间为5min。这表明从胡柚皮中提取类黄酮素后,其残渣经化学改性后成为离子吸附剂在技术上具有可行性。

Effect of Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Photosynthetic Pigments and Flavonoids in the Leaves of Grapevine

[Objective] The study aimed at investigating the influence of enhanced UV-B radiation on photosynthesis of grapevine.[Method] The seedlings of Cabernet sauvignon were treated with different intensities of UV-B radiation under outdoor conditions,and then the contents of photosynthetic pigments and flavonoids in leaves were determined by measuring the absorbance of leaves extracts at 663,645,470 and 300 nm,respectively.[Result] The content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of grapevine obviously increased with time under the treatments of different enhanced UV-B radiation.Compared with the control,the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll and carotenoid were obviously increased by 5%,2%,4% and 3% in the enhanced UV-B radiation treatment of 10.8 μW/cm2（T1）,and in the treatment of 25.6 μW/cm2（T2） the corresponding levels were subsequently increased by 11%,9%,10% and 7% with a significant increase in the content of chlorophyll a.On the other hand,the flavonoids content in the leaves of grapevine were obviously increased by 13%,9% in T1 and T2.[Conclusion] The grapevine has strong adaptability to UV-B radiation,and appropriate enhanced UV-B radiation couldn＇t decrease the photosynthesis of grapevine leaves.

Chemical constituents of the unripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa

Aim To investigate the chemical constituents of the unripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa （Juss.） Benth. and provide a scientific basis for its quality control. Methods The compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and identified by spectral analysis. Results Sixteen compounds were identified as evodiamine （1）, rutaecarpine （2）, β-sitosterol （3）, isorhamnetin（4）, evodol （5）, quercetin （6）, limonin （7）, wuzhuyurutine A （8）, evodirutaenin （9）, shihulimonin A （10）, wuzhuyurutine B（ll）, wuchuyuamide Ⅰ （12）, daucosterol （13）, trans-caffeic acid methylate （14）, dehydroevodiamine （15）and sucrose （16）. Conclusion Compounds 4, 6, 10 and 14 were isolated from the title plant for the first time.

Application of Cellulase-assisted Method to Extract Flavonoids from Plants

The extraction mechanisms of cellulase-assisted extraction technology in extracting flavonoids were summarized, as wel as its application in extracting flavonoids from the plants of Leguminosae, Ginkgoaceae, Rutaceae and Labiatae. In addition, the progress in the extraction of flavonoids by combining cellulase-assisted extraction technology and other technologies, such as cellulase-ultrasonic assisted extraction and cellulase-microwave assisted extraction, were described.

Prediction Model of Secondary Substances in Anthocyanins Synthesis of Purple Corn

The aim of this study was to assay the polyphenols,flavonoid,polyphenol oxidase and phenylalnine ammonialyase which were relative to the anthocyanins synthesis of purple corn. The optimization of multiple linear regression model of anthocyanins synthesis was y=4.383 86-0.205 45x1＋5.479 638x2＋0.195 575x4. According to standard partial regression coefficient testing,the result indicated that polyphenols content was negatively correlated with anthocyanins and the relative influence to anthocyanins synthesis was-42.7%; flavonoid content and activity of polyphenol oxidase were positively correlated with anthocyanins of purple corn and the relative influence to anthocyanins synthesis were 71.45% and 73.32% respectively. There was no positive correlation between the activity of phenylalnine ammonialyase and anthocyanins of purple corn. The establishment of multiple linear regression model of anthocyanins synthesis was to provide theory foundation of producing anthocyanins in laboratory.

Content Variation of Active Components in Mulberry Fruit During Ripening Process

Ten mulberry species were taken as materials to detect contents of DNJ,polysaccharide and flavonoid.The results indicated that the three active components differed significantly upon species.Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1,which are of high contents of active components,were selected as materials to measure contents change of active components in fresh fruits during ripening process after full-bloom stage.The research suggested that DNJ mass fractions of Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1 on the 3rd d in full-bloom stage were 0.074 1% and 0.072 5%;DNJ declined gradually with growth of the fruit and DNJ contents in the two cultivars decreased by 49.80% and 58.90% on the 31st d in full-bloom stage,compared with the 3rd d.As mulberry grew,polysaccharide contents in Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1 were increasing and achieved peaks on the 27th d in full-bloom stage at 9.570% and 10.276%,respectively.For total flavonoids,the contents in Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1 were both of two peaks on 11th d and 27th d.The mass fractions were 0.313%,0.444%,and 0.264%,0.326%,accordingly.In addition,DNJ contents in ripe seeds of Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1 were significantly higher than those in fruit,but total flavonoid contents were lower.Polysaccharide was not detected.It can be concluded that mulberry fruits growing for 27 d can be either as excellent food or for medicine.

Bacterial Cellulose Film Containing Flavonoids from ＂Sarapee＂ （Mammea siamensis） Flower Extract Against Salmonella typhimurium TISTR 292

Bacterial cellulose film containing Sarapee （Mammea siamensis） flower extract to against Salmonella typhimurium TISTR 292 was studied. Crude ethanol extract of flower from Sarapee was passed through the column chromatography in order to separate the flavonoid. The flavonoid content was about 7.97 mg/mL. Bacterial cellulose film produced by ,4cetobacter xylinum TISTR 975 in coconut juice and subsequently to application of a containing different concentration of flavonoid for 12 h and followed by freeze dry The bacterial cellulose film containing Sarapee extract using disc diffusion assay was tested for antimicrobial activity. The result showed that bacterial cellulose film containing 1.2 mg/mL of flavonoid was highly against to S. typhimurium TISTR 292 and the inhibition zone was about 31.07 mm. Investigations of the effect of coating time on incorporation of flavonoid into cellulose film showed that long coating time （12 h） had the inhibition zone closely to short coating time （8 h） with the value of 29.60-30.13 mm. Stored the bacterial cellulose film at room temperature for 7 and 14 days found that the ability to be against S. typhimurium TISTR 292 decreased after 14 days and the inhibition zone was about 22.63 mm. The percentage of ability was remaining about 75.4. This study suggests that the bacterial cellulose film has a potential for use as antimicrobial in food applications.

Influence of Environmental Conditions on Morphogenesis and on Changes of Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Asclepias syriaca L, Derived in Vitro

The object of this study was to adapt in vitro system for morphogenesis and regeneration of microshoots of common milkweed （Asclepias syriaca L.） applying different concentrations of hydrogen ion （H＋） and cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine （BAP）. The influence of BAP and hydrogen ion （H＋） on the level of primary （chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids） and secondary （flavonoids and hydrolyzable and condensed tannins） metabolites in in vitro grown Asclepias syriaca L, were evaluated. Six different concentrations of BAP （0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ~tmol/L） and three different concentrations of hydrogen ion （pH 4.5, 5.0 and 5.5） were applied to the woody plant medium （WPM） medium used for microshoots propagation. The most effective morphogenesis of Asclepias syriaca L. was observed in culture medium supplemented with 2 p, mol/L BAP. However, synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites was the most intensive when cytokinin concentration reached the value of 3 gmol/L BAP. It was determined that the activity of hydrogen ion （H＋）, measured as the pH of culture medium, had a significant effect on secondary metabolites in the shoots in vitro.

Interactive effects of soils,local environmental conditions and herbivores on secondary chemicals in tallow tree

Plants produce secondary chemicals that may vary along with latitude due to changing abiotic and biotic stress gradients and local environmental conditions.Teasing apart the individual and combined effects of these different abiotic,such as soil nutrients,and biotic factors,such as soil biota and herbivores,on secondary chemicals is critical for understanding plant responses to changing environments.We conducted an experiment at different latitudes in China,using tallow tree(Triadica sebifera)seedlings sourced from a population at 31°N.These seedlings were cultivated in gardens located at low,middle and high latitudes,with either local soil or soil from the original seed collection site(origin soil).The seedlings were exposed to natural levels of aboveground herbivores or had them excluded.Plant secondary chemicals(both foliar and root),aboveground herbivores and soil characteristics were measured.Results showed that most leaf and root secondary metabolites depended on the interaction of the experimental site and soil type.Leaf and root phenolic and tannin concentrations were higher at the middle latitude site,especially in the origin soil.Root and foliar flavonoid concentrations increased when aboveground herbivores were excluded.Microbial communities depended strongly on soil treatment.The different responses of tannins versus flavonoids suggest that these two chemical classes differ in their responses to the varying abiotic and biotic factors in these sites along latitudes.Taken together,our results emphasize the importance of considering the interactive effects of local environmental conditions,soil properties and herbivory in regulating plant chemical defenses.

纯植物DIY 让肌肤大口呼吸

新鲜的植物活性最强，含有丰富的维生素、矿物质、果酸、类黄酮素、多酚、胡萝卜素等对肌肤有益的成分。如果现做现用，不添加任何防腐剂和化学元素，肌肤直接吸收纯天然的新鲜营养，如同闷了一整个冬天的我们，郊游时大口呼吸清新的空气一般舒畅。

量肤定制最适合你的DIY护肤法

知道吗？肌肤最最喜欢的是天然营养的滋润！新鲜果蔬里含有丰富的维生素、矿物质、果酸、类黄酮素、多酚、胡萝卜素等对肌肤有益的成分，将这些天然材料用你的巧手变成各种各样具有护肤功效的DIY保养品，是不是别有一番趣味呢？ 且慢!开始肌肤的美丽旅程之前，你必须搞清楚自己的皮肤状态。只有清楚了解自己的肤质．才能有针对性地选择植物．为肌肤提供正确、有效的保养。