四肢创伤开放性并粉碎性骨折患者发生谵妄的列线图预测模型构建

目的分析四肢创伤开放性并粉碎性骨折患者发生谵妄的危险因素,构建并验证风险预测模型。方法回顾性分析2021年3月至2023年3月西安高新医院收治的108例四肢创伤开放性并粉碎性骨折患者的病历资料,其中男76例、女32例,年龄(54.17±14.62)岁。依据80/20定律随机分为训练集(86例)和验证集(22例)。统计患者术后1个月内谵妄的发病情况,根据患者术后是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组与非谵妄组,筛查四肢创伤开放性并粉碎性骨折患者术后发生谵妄的危险因素,构建并验证风险预测模型。采用t检验、χ^(2)检验、logistic回归模型、受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)、Hosmer-Lemeshow检验。结果86例四肢创伤开放性并粉碎性骨折患者中18例患者术后发生谵妄,发生率为20.93%(18/86)。谵妄组患者的年龄、脑卒中史占比、术中低氧血症占比、血清可溶性肿瘤坏死因子1(sTNFR1)水平均高于非谵妄组(均P<0.05)。年龄(OR=3.187,95%CI 1.176~8.633)、脑卒中史(OR=3.684,95%CI 1.359~9.979)、术中低氧血症(OR=4.958,95%CI 1.830~13.431)、血清sTNFR1(OR=4.591,95%CI 1.695~12.435)均是四肢创伤开放性并粉碎性骨折患者术后发生谵妄的危险因素(均P<0.05)。风险预测模型预测训练集86例四肢创伤开放性并粉碎性骨折患者术后发生谵妄的灵敏度为0.825(95%CI 0.741~0.922),特异度为0.829(95%CI 0.753~0.906),曲线下面积为0.892(95%CI 0.808~0.915)。风险预测模型预测验证集22例四肢创伤开放性并粉碎性骨折患者术后发生谵妄的灵敏度为0.799(95%CI 0.706~0.881),特异度为0.732(95%CI 0.658~0.827),曲线下面积为0.839(95%CI 0.791~0.915)。结论年龄、脑卒中史、术中低氧血症、血清sTNFR1均与四肢创伤开放性并粉碎性骨折患者术后发生谵妄有关,构建风险预测模型有助于早期预测术后谵妄的发生风险。

微创经皮钢板内固定技术在锁骨中段粉碎性骨折锁定钢板固定术中应用

目的 探讨微创经皮钢板内固定(MIPPO)技术在锁骨中段粉碎性骨折锁定钢板固定术中的应用价值。方法 回顾性选取2020年6月—2022年6月130例锁骨中段粉碎性骨折的临床资料,根据手术方法分为观察组和对照组,每组65例。对照组行传统切开复位内固定,观察组行MIPPO技术联合锁定钢板治疗。比较2组围术期指标、并发症、手术优良率及手术前后疼痛应激介质、肩关节功能指标。结果 观察组切口长度、骨折愈合时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,术后1 d疼痛视觉模拟评分法评分低于对照组(P<0.01)。术后1 d,观察组血清P物质、前列腺素E_(2)低于对照组,β内啡肽高于对照组(P<0.05);术后3、6个月,观察组Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分及肩关节前屈、后伸、外旋活动度高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组,术后6个月手术优良率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 MIPPO技术联合锁定钢板治疗锁骨中段粉碎性骨折能显著提高手术优良率,减少术中出血量,促进肩关节功能恢复,抑制疼痛因子释放,缓解术后早期疼痛,还能降低并发症风险。

Krachow法缝合联合钢丝垂直间断治疗老年髌骨下极粉碎性骨折的疗效

目的研究Krachow法缝合联合钢丝垂直间断固定治疗老年髌骨下极粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法选取2019年1月至2022年3月收治的102例老年髌骨下极粉碎性骨折患者作为研究对象。按随机数字表法分为两组,观察组51例,采用Krachow法缝合联合钢丝垂直间断固定,对照组51例,采用钢丝垂直间断固定。统计分析两组临床疗效、膝关节活动范围(ROM)、膝关节功能Bostman评分及并发症情况。结果观察组临床疗效优良率为88.24%,对照组优良率为64.71%,差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。观察组膝关节ROM、Bostman评分分别为131.51°±6.80°、(28.65±2.20)分,对照组膝关节ROM、Bostman评分分别为115.87°±5.91°、(23.58±2.51)分,差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率为9.80%,对照组并发症总发生率为27.45%,差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。结论Krachow法缝合联合钢丝垂直间断固定治疗老年髌骨下极粉碎性骨折复位良好,固定牢靠,对周围软组织影响小,并发症少,有利于膝关节功能恢复。

单一切口双钢板治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折的疗效

目的探讨单一切口双钢板治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法采用单一切口双钢板治疗30例股骨远端粉碎性骨折患者。记录骨折复位及愈合情况、负重行走情况、术后并发症发生情况、膝关节活动度,采用New KSS评分系统评价膝关节功能。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~24个月。术后均无感染、肢体短缩或旋转、关节半脱位等情况发生。术后X线片显示:28例骨折对位对线良好,关节面平整,达到解剖复位;2例轻度膝内翻。患者术后1~2周开始拄拐患肢不负重功能锻炼,术后4~6个月逐渐弃拐负重行走。除1例因过早负重术后12个月骨折延期愈合外,其余患者术后4~6个月骨折愈合。末次随访时,患者均可弃拐行走,断端无疼痛感,X线片显示骨折端无移位、内固定无松动或折断;膝关节屈曲105°~120°,伸直0°~10°;采用New KSS评分系统评价膝关节功能:优14例,良12例,可3例,差1例,优良率26/30。结论单一切口双钢板治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折,可达到骨折解剖复位、坚强固定效果,患者可进行早期功能锻炼,疗效满意。

基于Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和羟基磷灰石的新型仿生人工骨膜修复材料在四肢长骨粉碎性骨折伴游离骨块中的应用

目的观察基于Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和羟基磷灰石的新型仿生人工骨膜修复材料在四肢长骨粉碎性骨折伴游离骨块中的应用效果。方法选取2021年1月—2022年8月临朐县人民医院因外伤致四肢长骨粉碎性骨折伴游离碎骨块的120例患者作为研究对象,所有患者均行骨折切开复位内固定治疗,根据患者是否同意术中使用人工骨膜修复材料进行分组研究,未使用者纳入对照组(n=54),使用骨膜修复材料者纳入观察组(n=66)。观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量;术后定期复查X线,进行为期1年的持续随访观察,记录并比较两组患者骨折愈合时间。结果120例患者均顺利完成手术,两组患者术中出血量、手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组平均骨折愈合时间长于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组骨折延迟愈合、骨折不愈合发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对四肢长骨粉碎性骨折伴游离骨块中的患者应用人工骨膜修复材可促进骨折的修复愈合,减少骨折延迟愈合及不愈合的发生。

应用跟骨锁定钢板治疗老年粉碎性髌骨骨折疗效观察

目的 探讨老年粉碎性髌骨骨折应用跟骨锁定钢板内固定治疗的疗效。方法 分析2017年9月至2022年1月华中科技大学同济医学院附属梨园医院21例应用跟骨锁定钢板治疗的髌骨粉碎性骨折老年患者资料,其中男9例,女12例;年龄67~82岁(平均73.1岁);受伤原因:交通事故伤8例,摔跌伤11例,其他2例;骨折均为Rockwood IV型;伤后3~7 d(中位数5 d)进行手术。手术以克氏针临时复位固定骨块,再根据骨折块的位置塑形跟骨钢板,最后以锁定螺钉固定。随访观察术后康复情况。结果 21例患者随访时间12~14个月(平均12.7个月),未出现伤口感染、髌骨不愈合、跟骨内固定钢板螺钉失效及膝关节僵痛等。髌骨骨折线消失时间8~14周(平均10.4周)。术后1年伤膝屈曲达125°~135°(平均130.6°),Bostman髌骨骨折功能评分为25~30分(平均27.6分);功能评价优良率为100%。结论 应用跟骨锁定钢板治疗老年粉碎性髌骨骨折操作简易、固定稳固、并发症少,疗效满意。

Visualization and characterization of experimental hydraulic fractures interacting with karst fracture-cavity distributions

Karst fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs,in which natural cavities are connected by natural fractures to form cavity clusters in many circumstances,have become significant fields of oil and gas exploration and exploitation.Proppant fracturing is considered as the best method for exploiting carbonate reservoirs;however,previous studies primarily focused on the effects of individual types of geological formations,such as natural fractures or cavities,on fracture propagation.In this study,true-triaxial physical simulation experiments were systematically performed under four types of stress difference conditions after the accurate prefabrication of four types of different fracture-cavity distributions in artificial samples.Subsequently,the interaction mechanism between the hydraulic fractures and fracture-cavity structures was systematically analyzed in combination with the stress distribution,cross-sectional morphology of the main propagation path,and three-dimensional visualization of the overall fracture network.It was found that the propagation of hydraulic fractures near the cavity was inhibited by the stress concentration surrounding the cavity.In contrast,a natural fracture with a smaller approach angle(0°and 30°)around the cavity can alleviate the stress concentration and significantly facilitate the connection with the cavity.In addition,the hydraulic fracture crossed the natural fracture at the 45°approach angle and bypassed the cavity under higher stress difference conditions.A new stimulation effectiveness evaluation index was established based on the stimulated reservoir area(SRA),tortuosity of the hydraulic fractures(T),and connectivity index(CI)of the cavities.These findings provide new insights into the fracturing design of carbonate reservoirs.

Management of geriatric acetabular fractures:Contemporary treatment strategies

Acetabular fractures in the geriatric population are typically low-energy fractures resulting from a fall from standing height.Compromised bone quality in the elderly,as well as this population’s concomitant medical comorbidities,render the management of such fractures challenging and controversial.Non-operative management remains the mainstay of treatment,although such a choice is associated with numerous and serious complications related to both the hip joint as well as the general condition of the patient.On the other hand,operatively treating acetabular fractures(e.g.,with osteosynthesis or total hip arthroplasty)is gaining popularity.Osteosynthesis can be performed with open reduction and internal fixation or with minimally invasive techniques.Total hip arthroplasty could be performed either in the acute phase combined with osteosynthesis or as a delayed procedure after a period of non-operative management or after failed osteosynthesis of the acetabulum.Regardless of the implemented treatment,orthogeriatric co-management is considered extremely crucial,and it is currently one of the pillars of a successful outcome after an acetabular fracture.

Stress tensor determination by modified hydraulic tests on pre-existing fractures:Method and stress constraints

The hydraulic testing of pre-existing fractures(HTPF)is one of the most promising in situ stress measurement methods,particularly for three-dimensional stress tensor determination.However,the stress tensor determination based on the HTPF method requires at least six tests or a minimum of 14-15 tests(under different conditions)for reliable results.In this study,we modified the HTPF method by considering the shear stress on each pre-existing fracture,which increased the number of equations for the stress tensor determination and decreased the number of tests required.Different shear stresses were attributed to different fractures by random sampling;therefore,the stress tensors were obtained by searching for the optimal solution using the least squares criterion based on the Monte Carlo method.Thereafter,we constrained the stress tensor based on the tensile strength criterion,compressive strength criterion,and vertical stress constraints.The inverted stress tensors were presented and analyzed based on the tensorial nature of the stress using the Euclidean mean stress tensor.Two stress-measurement campaigns in Weifang(Shandong Province,China)and Mercantour road tunnel(France)were implemented to highlight the validity and efficiency of the modified HTPF(M-HTPF)method.The results showed that the M-HTPF method can be applied for stress tensor inversion using only three to four tests on pre-existing fractures,neglecting the stress gradient.The inversion results were confined to relatively small distribution dispersions and were significantly reliable and stable due to the shear stresses on the fractures and the stress constraints employed.The M-HTPF method is highly feasible and efficient for complete stress tensor determination in a single borehole.

有限元法分析不同固定方式在胫骨远端粉碎性骨折骨愈合中的生物力学差异

背景:胫骨远端粉碎性骨折伴软组织损伤的治疗具有挑战性,新型逆行胫骨髓内钉、外置接骨板是重要的治疗手段,但其在骨折愈合不同时期、不同负重情况时的骨折端应变、应力遮挡情况未见报道。目的:通过有限元分析法探讨骨折愈合不同时期逆行髓内钉及外置接骨板的生物力学差异,为临床应用及康复锻炼提供科学参考。方法:利用1名40岁健康男性的胫骨CT数据,建立胫骨远端粉碎骨折的有限元模型,构建胫骨逆行髓内钉、外置接骨板固定模型及骨痂模型并根据骨折的固定原则进行装配。使用ANSYS软件进行有限元分析,比较骨折愈合不同时期时逆行髓内钉及外置接骨板2种固定方式的骨折端位移、胫骨应力遮挡、骨痂应力、胫骨及固定装置应力分布情况。结果与结论:①胫骨骨折端相对位移随着骨折愈合的进行逐渐减小,在术后3个月后位移明显减少;术后0,1个月,外置接骨板组的垂直位移及总位移均大于逆行髓内钉组,2种固定方式的Z轴位移(水平内外侧位移)均较X、Y轴位移明显,且接骨板模型的Z轴位移差异最明显;2种固定方式的Z轴位移最大位置均位于胫骨外侧,位移最小位置均位于胫骨内侧;②骨折愈合的应力遮挡率随骨折时间延长而逐渐降低;逆行髓内钉的应力遮挡率在骨折愈合不同时期均高于外置接骨板;术后3个月后外置接骨板的应力遮挡率降低到4%左右,逆行髓内钉的应力遮挡率降低到40%左右;③2种固定方式骨痂应力集中部位的应力随着载荷的增大而增加,外置接骨板组骨痂的应力始终大于逆行髓内钉组;2种固定方式中,骨痂最大应力大致分布一致,均位于胫骨外侧部分;④随着骨折愈合2种固定方式的胫骨最大应力逐渐降低,外置接骨板组的应力始终大于逆行髓内钉组;1500 N载荷下外置接骨板组胫骨最大应力区域平均应力为285 MPa,而逆行髓内钉组为26 MPa;⑤随着骨折愈合2种固定模型中固定装置的应力逐渐降低,外置接骨板组的应力均明显高于逆行髓内钉组;术后3个月以后,2种固定装置的应力下降幅度明显变缓;⑥提示在骨折愈合早期,胫骨逆行髓内钉组中骨折端应变小、胫骨最大应力适中,允许早期负重;外置接骨板组骨折端存在应变过大、胫骨最大应力过大,需在保护下部分负重、不能完全负重;在骨折愈合中后期,胫骨逆行髓内钉及外置接骨板组均可完全负重,接骨板的应力遮挡率明显低于胫骨逆行髓内钉。

Epidemiologic investigation of pediatric distal humerus fractures: An American insurance claims database study

BACKGROUND Distal humerus elbow fractures are one of the most common traumatic fractures seen in pediatric patients and present as three main types:Supracondylar(SC),lateral condyle(LC),and medial epicondyle(ME)fractures.AIM To evaluate the epidemiology of pediatric distal humerus fractures(SC,LC,and ME)from an American insurance claims database.METHODS A retrospective review was performed on patients 17 years and younger with the ICD 9 and 10 codes for SC,LC and ME fractures based on the IBM Truven MarketScan®Commercial and IBM Truven MarketScan Medicare Supplemental databases.Patients from 2015 to 2020 were queried for treatments,patient age,sex,length of hospitalization,and comorbidities.RESULTS A total of 1133 SC,154 LC,and 124 ME fractures were identified.SC fractures had the highest percentage of operation at 83%,followed by LC(78%)and ME fractures(41%).Male patients were,on average,older than female patients for both SC and ME fractures.CONCLUSION In the insurance claims databases used,SC fractures were the most reported,followed by LC fractures,and finally ME fractures.Age was identified to be a factor for how a pediatric distal humerus fractures,with patients with SC and LC fractures being younger than those with ME fractures.The peak age per injury per sex was similar to reported historic central tendencies,despite reported trends for younger physiologic development.

Clinical outcomes of triceps reflecting anconeus pedicle and olecranon osteotomy approach for distal humerus intercondylar fractures

BACKGROUND The preferred treatment for distal humeral intercondylar fractures is open reduction and internal fixation.While there is consensus about the posterior approach,several posterior approaches have been developed.It is debatable as to which approach is best.AIM To compare triceps reflecting anconeus pedicle(TRAP)and olecranon osteotomy approaches for internal fixation of distal humeral intercondylar fracture.METHODS In total,40 cases of Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Association of the Study of Internal Fixation type C,closed,and Gustilo type I intercondylar humeral fractures were included.Patients ranged in age from 18 years to 70 years.The patients were randomized into two groups:TRAP group and olecranon osteotomy group,with 20 cases in each.All were followed up at 6 wk,3 months,6 months,and 12 months.Functional outcomes were measured in terms of flexion-extension arc,Disabilities of Arm,Shoulder and Hand score,and Mayo Elbow Performance Score.RESULTS The mean age was 43.2 years in the TRAP group and 37.5 years in the olecranon osteotomy group.The mean operative time and mean duration of hospital stay in the TRAP group were significantly higher than in the olecranon osteotomy group(119.5 vs 111.5 min and 9.85 vs 5.45 d,respectively).The mean arc of flexion-extension,Disabilities of Arm,Shoulder and Hand score,and Mayo Elbow Performance Score were comparable without any significant difference in the groups at the 12-month follow-up(107.0 vs 106.2,18.3 vs 15.7,and 84.2 vs 86.2,respectively).Ulnar paresthesia and superficial infections were comparable in both groups(2 cases vs 3 cases and 3 cases vs 2 cases,respectively).Hardware prominence was significantly higher in the olecranon osteotomy group,mostly due to tension band wiring.CONCLUSION Both approaches were equivalent,but there is a need for further study including higher numbers of subjects and longer study duration to prove the benefits of one approach over the other.

Rare Bilateral Radius and Ulna Fractures: A Case Report

Introduction: Forearm fractures involving both the radius and ulna, present distinctive challenges in orthopedic trauma management. This case report explores the complexities of a rare case of bilateral fractures, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach for optimal outcomes. Case Presentation: This report presents the case of a 40-year-old motorcyclist who was involved in a road accident and arrived at the emergency department shortly after the incident. Clinical examination revealed closed fractures in both forearms with mild swelling and severe tenderness. Fortunately, no neurovascular issues or compartment syndrome were detected. The patient was administered intravenous fluids and effective pain relief. Forearm splints were applied and the arms were elevated using pillows. Radiographs showed fractures in the right distal radius and ulna, as well as the left mid-shaft radius and ulna. Under general anesthesia, open reduction and internal fixation were per-formed using plates and screws for all four fractures. Postoperatively, the patient’s arms were immobilized and elevated, with gradual recovery during follow-up appointments over six months, eventually achieving full function without complaints. Conclusion: This article highlights the possibility, although infrequent, of bilateral shaft fractures of the ulna and radius. With thorough clinical assessment and radiological investigation, such fractures can be well-defined. The required definitive treatment, which usually involves open reduction and internal fixation, can be performed.

A Comparative Study of Mandibular Fractures in Senegal: Children vs. Adults

Introduction: The commonest maxillofacial fractures involve the mandible. Age can be considered among influential factors. Aim of the Study: To compare mandibular fractures between children and adults from the beginning up to the treatment in Senegal. Patients and Method: A three-year retrospective study was conducted in a university hospital. The medical records of patients admitted for maxillofacial injuries were reviewed. Patient and injury-related variables including age, gender, etiology, average consultation delay, anatomic location of fracture and treatment were compared up to age of 15 and beyond that. Results: Considering 272 casualties, maxillofacial fractures were less frequent among children than adults (36.7% and 59.7%) and were mainly mandibular (90.1% and 91.4%). Male predilection (sex ratio of 2.4 and 4.9) was twice (2) as pronounced from the age of 16. The average consultation delay was two (2) times shorter for children. Road traffic accidents which predominated among children (33.9%) had comparable frequency (32.3%) although they were outnumbered by assault (37.6%) among adults. Fractures occurred mainly on the corpus (90.1% and 90.4%), particularly on parasymphysis (40.1%) up to the age of 15, whereas angle fractures increased (8.5% to 19.6%) and joint damage decreased afterwards. Intra-oral orthopedic procedures (91.2% and 92.6%) in which mandibular retention splints were more common (37.3%) up to the age of 15 then arch ligatures (49%) were then widely favored. Conclusion: Differences relating to the distribution of causes but also to the anatomic location on the corpus and to the choice of intra-oral orthopedic procedures within overall similarities between children and adults regarding the male predilection, the frequency of road traffic accidents, the mandibular injuries, but also the school therapeutic attitude consisting of favoring the orthopedic option.

带线锚钉结合可吸收螺钉在髌骨粉碎性骨折治疗中的应用效果

目的 探讨带线锚钉结合可吸收螺钉在髌骨粉碎性骨折治疗中的临床应用效果。方法 对27例髌骨粉碎性骨折患者采用带线锚钉结合可吸收螺钉治疗的情况进行回顾性分析。结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间60~80 min,出血量20~60 ml;术中均无血管、神经损伤。术后5~7 d出院,并获得随访平均3~6个月。27例术后切口一期愈合,其中1例切口裂开,通过门诊换药二期愈合,复查无骨折延迟愈合、不愈合及畸形愈合,无锚钉断裂、脱出发生。术后1个月B?stman髌骨骨折疗效评价:优10例,良15例,差2例,优良率92.6%。术后3个月B?stman髌骨骨折疗效评价:优21例,良5例,差1例,优良率96.3%。结论 带线锚钉内固定结合可吸收螺钉在粉碎性髌骨骨折中应用可有效恢复髌骨关节解剖结构,改善髌骨关节功能,为髌骨粉碎性骨折的治疗提供了新的思路、有益的补充,有一定的应用和推广价值。

Effect of navigation endoscopy combined with threedimensional printing technology in the treatment of orbital blowout fractures

●AIM:To explore the combined application of surgical navigation nasal endoscopy(NNE)and three-dimensional printing technology(3DPT)for the adjunctive treatment of orbital blowout fractures(OBF).●METHODS:Retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of patients with OBF who underwent surgical treatment at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University between July 2012 and November 2022.The control group consisted of patients who received traditional surgical treatment(n=43),while the new surgical group(n=52)consisted of patients who received NNE with 3DPT.The difference in therapeutic effects between the two groups was evaluated by comparing the duration of the operation,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),enophthalmos difference,recovery rate of eye movement disorder,recovery rate of diplopia,and incidence of postoperative complications.●RESULTS:The study included 95 cases(95 eyes),with 63 men and 32 women.The patients’age ranged from 5 to 67y(35.21±15.75y).The new surgical group and the control group exhibited no statistically significant differences in the duration of the operation,BCVA and enophthalmos difference.The recovery rates of diplopia in the new surgical group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 1mo[OR=0.03,95%CI(0.01–0.15),P<0.0000]and 3mo[OR=0.11,95%CI(0.03–0.36),P<0.0000]postoperation.Additionally,the recovery rates of eye movement disorders at 1 and 3mo after surgery were OR=0.08,95%CI(0.03–0.24),P<0.0000;and OR=0.01,95%CI(0.00–0.18),P<0.0000.The incidence of postoperative complications was lower in the new surgical group compared to the control group[OR=4.86,95%CI(0.95–24.78),P<0.05].●CONCLUSION:The combination of NNE and 3DPT can shorten the recovery time of diplopia and eye movement disorder in patients with OBF.

可吸收双股线荷包缝合法结合聚髌器固定治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折的疗效

目的探讨可吸收双股线荷包缝合法结合聚髌器固定治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2022年12月入住中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇一医院骨二科的髌骨粉碎性骨折患者86例,固定方式均为聚髌器固定。根据术中骨折复位方式不同,分为试验组(采用可吸收双股线荷包缝合法)和对照组(采用钳夹、克氏针维持复位)各43例。比较两组手术时间、骨折愈合时间、末次随访时膝关节功能及术后并发症发生情况。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,并随访4~18个月,平均(12.23±4.50)个月。两组骨折愈合时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.290)。试验组手术时间短于对照组,末次随访时膝关节Bostman功能评价优良率高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组患者切口均一期愈合,无皮缘坏死、骨折再移位、聚髌器松动、骨折不愈合等并发症发生。结论可吸收双股线荷包缝合法结合聚髌器固定治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折更利于术中复位骨折,减少手术时间,利于膝关节功能恢复。

Results of Open Surgical Treatment of Humeral Paddle Fractures about 63 Cases

Fractures of the humeral paddle, common to young adults, are most often complex, linked to violence and an increase in road accidents. The objective of our work is to evaluate our functional results, in the medium term, correlated with a review of the literature. This is a retrospective study of 63 patients, carried out in the traumatology-orthopedics department 1 of the IBN EL JAZZAR hospital in KAIROUAN, over a period of 7 years from January 2015 to December 2021. The average age of patients was 39 years (17 - 68 years). Predominantly male. The etiologies are dominated by falls and accidents on public roads. Fractures are classified according to the Müller and Allgöwer classification where type C is found in 51% of cases. All our patients undergo an olecranon osteotomy in 71% of cases. Osteosynthesis using a Lecestre plate combined with screwing or plugging is used in 84% of cases. The evolution is marked by complications observed in eight patients (16%), including two cases of sepsis, four cases of elbow stiffness (8%), one case of joint callus and one case of pseudarthrosis. Our results are evaluated according to the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, they are excellent and good in 71% of cases, average in 18% of cases and poor in 11% of cases. Fractures of the humeral paddle are fractures with a satisfactory functional prognosis, requiring ad integrum anatomical restoration and solid osteosynthesis allowing early rehabilitation of the elbow. One case of joint callus and one case of pseudarthrosis.

Evaluating the stability and volumetric flowback rate of proppant packs in hydraulic fractures using the lattice Boltzmann-discrete element coupling method

The stability and mobility of proppant packs in hydraulic fractures during hydrocarbon production are numerically investigated by the lattice Boltzmann-discrete element coupling method(LB-DEM).This study starts with a preliminary proppant settling test,from which a solid volume fraction of 0.575 is calibrated for the proppant pack in the fracture.In the established workflow to investigate proppant flowback,a displacement is applied to the fracture surfaces to compact the generated proppant pack as well as further mimicking proppant embedment under closure stress.When a pressure gradient is applied to drive the fluid-particle flow,a critical aperture-to-diameter ratio of 4 is observed,above which the proppant pack would collapse.The results also show that the volumetric proppant flowback rate increases quadratically with the fracture aperture,while a linear variation between the particle flux and the pressure gradient is exhibited for a fixed fracture aperture.The research outcome contributes towards an improved understanding of proppant flowback in hydraulic fractures,which also supports an optimised proppant size selection for hydraulic fracturing operations.

经皮微创锁定钢板内固定术辅助关节腔内玻璃酸钠注射对胫骨平台粉碎性骨折术后综合应激状态的影响

目的 探讨经皮微创锁定钢板内固定术辅助关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠对胫骨平台粉碎性骨折术后综合应激状态的影响。方法 前瞻性选择2020年6月~2021年6月我院收治的胫骨平台粉碎性骨折病人84例,按随机数字表法将其分为单纯手术组(A组)和手术辅助玻璃酸钠注射组(B组),每组各42例。A组行经皮微创锁定钢板内固定术,B组在A组的基础上辅助关节腔内玻璃酸钠注射治疗。比较两组临床疗效。结果 随访3个月后,B组拆线后负重时间、愈合时间均显著短于A组(P<0.05);B组术后第1、4周膝关节活动度及Rasmussen评分高于A组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组术后第3、7天视觉模拟评分(VAS)低于A组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组术后第3、7天白细胞介素(IL)-6、外周血血沉(ESR)、血清C反应蛋白水平(CRP)低于A组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组术后第3、7天过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总抗氧化能力(SOD)、超氧化物歧化酶水平(TAC)均高于A组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 经皮微创锁定钢板内固定术辅助关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠治疗胫骨平台骨折疗效良好。