粒子冲击钻井中粒子回收技术研究

粒子冲击钻井技术中的回收系统是一套独立于原钻机所配套的固相控制系统,主要目的是回收钻井液中粒子并实现粒子的循环使用。通过粒子注入量和岩屑量的计算得出粒子冲击钻井过程中粒子量比岩屑量多。通过粒子筛分试验和磁选机室内试验,选用湿式磁选机作为粒子与岩屑的分离设备,同时选用脱磁机作为粒子的去磁设备。基于粒子回收技术的整体分析,构建了完整的粒子回收方案,设计了粒子回收技术装备的整体安装、连接三维图。针对粒子易生锈的特点,采用水基防锈剂作为粒子储存与保护的方法。

冲击钻井粒子回收系统磁选机的优化及实验研究

粒子回收系统是粒子冲击钻井中的一个重要系统,它的好坏关系到粒子能否实现循环利用和钻井液的正常循环。而磁选机是此系统关键的粒子回收设备,对于它的研究可以有效地降低粒子损失率,从而节约钻井成本。为此,通过对磁选机的理论研究,设计了符合粒子回收系统适用的磁选机。通过磁选机的实验,得出了不管是纯粒子还是粒子和岩屑的混合物,磁选机回收粒子的效率都在97%以上。建议尽量降低钻井液的黏度且保持钻井液的清洁,使磁选机处在一个良好的磁选环境;保持磁选机滚筒表面的清洁,及时用清水清洗滚筒表面黏附的固相物,使磁选机滚筒表面具有较强的磁场强度,便于吸附粒子。

回收塑料粒子生产项目竣工环保验收关注要点

阐述了回收塑料粒子生产项目竣工环保验收的准备工作和关注要点,关注要点包括企业的自查、污染源调查、环保设施建设情况、验收监测方案、验收检查等。还介绍回收塑料粒子生产项目概况和工艺流程,分析生产过程中污染物的产生情况,提出污染物治理措施、验收检查内容和环境管理要求,制定环保验收监测方案,为回收塑料粒子生产项目的竣工环保验收提供参考。

从锅炉排烟中回收炭粒子

本文从机械层燃锅炉燃用散煤而产生的煤灰中含有大量未燃尽的炭粒子出发 ,深入探讨了如何有效地加以回收并指出了这些炭粒子综合利用的途径。且研制了一种高效的回收装置。

利用虾壳去除鞣制废水中的三价铬

报道了实验室规模利用未经改性的虾壳做为吸附材料去除鞣制废水中的三价铬。实验发现对铬的去除率超过90%,证明该材料有能力去除三价铬。其对铬的吸附过程可以用Brauner-Emmett-Telller吸附等温线很好地描述,表明虾壳材料同时存在强、弱两种吸附位点。动力学实验表明吸附过程在最初的2 h内迅速完成,之后形成一个平台,可以用拟二级方程很好地模拟。论文还分析比较了虾壳与其他经常用于脱铬的化学品的效果差异,结合扫描电子显微镜形貌分析结果,表明虾壳的处理效率与碳酸氢钠和氢氧化钠的处理效率相当,但是去除机理不同,铬在虾壳多糖基质上的吸附占主导,少部分是铬盐的沉淀。用回收的三价铬直接鞣制的皮革性能差,而将吸附产生的铬泥调节p H值后作为鞣剂,能够获得令人满意的鞣制效果。

Ag recovery from copper anode slime by acid leaching at atmospheric pressure to synthesize silver nanoparticles

In this paper, recovery of silver from anode slime of Sarcheshmeh copper complex in lran and subsequent synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaching solution is investigated. Sarcheshmeh anode slime is mainly consisted ofCu, Ag, Pb and Se. Amount of Ag in the considered anode slime was 5.4% （by weight）. The goal was to recover as much as possible Ag from anode slime at atmospheric pressure to synthesize Ag nanoparticles. Therefore, acid leaching was used for this purpose. The anode slime was leached with sulfuric and nitric acid from room to 90 ~C at different acid concentrations and the run which yielded the most recovery of Ag was selected for Ag nanoparticles synthesis. At this condition, Cu, Pb and Se are lea- ched as well as Ag. To separate Ag from leach solution HCI was added and silver was precipitated as AgCl which were then dissolved by ammonia solution. The Ag nanoparticles are synthesized from this solution by chemical reduction method by aid of sodium borohydride in the presence of PVP and PEG as stabilizers. The synthesized Ag nanoparticles showed a peak of 394 nm in UV-vis spectrum and TEM images showed a rather uniform Ag nanoparticles of 12 nm.

One-Step Synthesis of Magnetically Recyclable Au/Co/Fe Triple- Layered Core-Shell Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane

Magnetically recyclable Au/Co/Fe core-shell nanoparticles （NPs） have been successfully synthesized via a one-step in situ procedure. Transmission electron microscope （TEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic （EDS）, and electron energy-loss spectroscopic （EELS） measurements revealed that the trimetallic Au/Co/Fe NPs have a triple-layered core-shell structure composed of a Au core, a Co-rich inter-layer, and a Fe-rich shell. The Au/Co/Fe core-shell NPs exhibit much higher catalytic activities for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane （NHBBH3, AB） than the monometallic （Au, Co, Fe） or bimetallic （AuCo, AuFe, CoFe） counterparts.

Easily fabricated and recyclable Pd&Cu@Al catalyst for gram-scale phosphine-free Heck reactions with high TON

A unique Pd＆Cu@Al catalyst was easily fabricated just by immersing commercial aluminum foil in a mixed xylene solution of PdC12 and CuCl2. The catalyst fabrication process led to aluminum oxide coatings in situ, which supported the metal nanoparticles and enhanced their catalytic activities for the phosphine-free Heck reaction of awl halides and styrenes with high turnover number （TON） up to 3.9×10^5. The reaction can be scaled up to at least 100 mmol and has been applied in modification of drug Lapatinib＇s intermediate with low metal residue. This novel catalyst is of good application potential in industrial production because it was extremely easy to be recycled, in regardless of the generation of the insoluble impurities or tars during the reaction processes.