多机器人SLAM后端优化算法综述

对于移动机器人研究领域来说,现阶段研究热点是如何在全球定位系统失效的情况下同时定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)。对于单个机器人SLAM已经有很多解决方案,然而当转移到多机器人平台时,对于存在的问题又面临很多新的挑战。本文首先分析了多机器人SLAM,着重探讨了多机器人SLAM后端优化算法。分析了多机器人SLAM研究过程中遇到的不同问题,以及现阶段这些问题的处理算法。讨论了多机器人SLAM中扩展卡尔曼滤波、扩展信息滤波、粒子滤波、基于图优化的SLAM、地图融合等后端优化算法的研究现状,分析了算法的优缺点,并提出了未来发展的方向。

Robot SLAM with Ad hoc wireless network adapted to search and rescue environments

An innovative multi-robot simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)is proposed based on a mobile Ad hoc local wireless sensor network(Ad-WSN).Multiple followed-robots equipped with the wireless link RS232/485module act as mobile nodes,with various on-board sensors,Tp-link wireless local area network cards,and Tp-link wireless routers.The master robot with embedded industrial PC and a complete robot control system autonomously performs the SLAM task by exchanging information with multiple followed-robots by using this self-organizing mobile wireless network.The PC on the remote console can monitor multi-robot SLAM on-site and provide direct motion control of the robots.This mobile Ad-WSN complements an environment devoid of usual GPS signals for the robots performing SLAM task in search and rescue environments.In post-disaster areas,the network is usually absent or variable and the site scene is cluttered with obstacles.To adapt to such harsh situations,the proposed self-organizing mobile Ad-WSN enables robots to complete the SLAM process while improving the performances of object of interest identification and exploration area coverage.The information of localization and mapping can communicate freely among multiple robots and remote PC control center via this mobile Ad-WSN.Therefore,the autonomous master robot runs SLAM algorithms while exchanging information with multiple followed-robots and with the remote PC control center via this local WSN environment.Simulations and experiments validate the improved performances of the exploration area coverage,object marked,and loop closure,which are adapted to search and rescue post-disaster cluttered environments.