In this paper, an approach to predicting randomly-shaped particle volume based on its two- Dimensional （2-D） digital image is explored. Conversion of gray-scale image of the particles to its binary counterpart is fi...In this paper, an approach to predicting randomly-shaped particle volume based on its two- Dimensional （2-D） digital image is explored. Conversion of gray-scale image of the particles to its binary counterpart is first performed using backlighting technique. The silhouette of particle is thus obtained, and consequently, informative features such as particle area, centroid and shape-related descriptors are collected. Several dimensionless parameters are defined, and used as regressor variables in a multiple linear regression model to predict particle volume. Regressor coefficients are found by fitting to a randomly selected sample of 501 panicles ranging in size from 4.75mm to 25ram. The model testing experiment is conducted against a different aggregate sample of the similar statistical properties, the errors of the model-predicted volume of the batch is within ±2%.展开更多
The great majority of genetic disorders are caused by defects in the nuclear genome. However, some significant diseases are the result of mitochondrial mutations. Because of the unique features of the mitochondria, th...The great majority of genetic disorders are caused by defects in the nuclear genome. However, some significant diseases are the result of mitochondrial mutations. Because of the unique features of the mitochondria, these diseases display characteristic modes of inheritance and a large degree of phenotypic variability. Recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in a wide range of age-related disorders and various forms of cancer.展开更多
A simplified probabilistic analysis of geomembrane punctures from granular material was presented when subjected to liquid pressure.The probability distribution of contact force between geomembrane and granular materi...A simplified probabilistic analysis of geomembrane punctures from granular material was presented when subjected to liquid pressure.The probability distribution of contact force between geomembrane and granular material was obtained based on the principle of equal probability and assumptions that grains are spheres with constant size.A particle flow code PFC3Dwas employed to simulate the contact process which indicates a good agreement with the theoretical probabilistic analysis.The odds of geomembrane puncture from grains of constant size were obtained by evaluating the puncture force which should not exceed the puncture resistance of geomembrane.The effects of grain radius,grain rigidity and liquid pressure were studied in more detail and displayed in graphs.Both high-level of liquid pressure and large grain can result in high risk of geomembrane puncture.The influence of grain rigidity on the geomembrane puncture odds is significant.For granular material with a grain size distribution,the geomembrane puncture odds can be estimated by the grain size distribution,served as weight function and it is a cautious design if the largest grain is chosen as the design grain size.展开更多
Particle image velocimetry technique was used to analyze the trailing vortices and elucidate their rela-tionship with turbulence properties in a stirred tank of 0.48 m diameter,agitated by four different disc turbines...Particle image velocimetry technique was used to analyze the trailing vortices and elucidate their rela-tionship with turbulence properties in a stirred tank of 0.48 m diameter,agitated by four different disc turbines,in-cluding Rushton turbine,concaved blade disk turbine,half elliptical blade disk turbine,and parabolic blade disk turbine.Phase-averaged and phase-resolved flow fields near the impeller blades were measured and the structure of trailing vortices was studied in detail.The location,size and strength of vortices were determined by the simplified λ2-criterion and the results showed that the blade shape had great effect on the trailing vortex characteristics.The larger curvature resulted in longer residence time of the vortex at the impeller tip,bigger distance between the upper and lower vortices and longer vortex life,also leads to smaller and stronger vortices.In addition,the turbulent ki-netic energy and turbulent energy dissipation in the discharge flow were determined and discussed.High turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent energy dissipation regions were located between the upper and lower vortices and moved along with them.Although restricted to single phase flow,the presented results are essential for reliable de-sign and scale-up of stirred tank with disc turbines.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the influence of anti-keratin autoantibodies (AK auto Abs) on telom-erase activity of squamous cell carcinoma cultured in vitro and the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of AK auto Abs on ...Objective: To investigate the influence of anti-keratin autoantibodies (AK auto Abs) on telom-erase activity of squamous cell carcinoma cultured in vitro and the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of AK auto Abs on squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Influence of AK auto Abs on the proliferation of Tca cells was observed by MTT colorimetry. Telomerase activity of cultured Tca cells and human keratinocytes was determined by telomeric repeat amplication protocol-ELISA (TRAP-ELISA) and polyacrylamide gel elec-trophoresis (PAGE). After being treated with AK auto Abs for 36 h at a concentration of 4, 8, 16 mg/L respectively, the changes of telomerase activity of Tea cells were also detected by TRAP-ELISA and PAGE. Results: MTT colorimetric determination showed that the capacity of proliferation of Tca cells correlated negatively with the concentration of AK auto Abs (r= -0. 74, P<0. 01). TRAP-ELISA and PAGE showed that telomerase activity of Tca cells increased significantly compared to that of cultured human keratinocytes (t = 3. 5396, P<0. 01). AK auto Abs at a concentrations of 4, 8, 16 mg/L had significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on telomerase activity of Tca cells (r= - 0. 8358, P<0. 01). Conclusion: AK auto Abs have a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of cultured Tea cells. AK auto Abs inhibit telomerase activity of cultured Tca cells with dose-dependent pattern. It suggests that decrease of telomerase activity may play an important role in the inhibitory effects of AK auto Abs on squamous cell carcinoma.展开更多
Thin plates of 21% Cr ferritic stainless steel welded by pulsed gas tungsten arc welding at different pulse frequencies were investigated for the microstructure characteristics and hardness behavior.The welds containe...Thin plates of 21% Cr ferritic stainless steel welded by pulsed gas tungsten arc welding at different pulse frequencies were investigated for the microstructure characteristics and hardness behavior.The welds contained columnar grains in the outer part and fine equiaxed grains in the central region due to the pulsed process.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To compare the differences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies among the tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), para-neoplastic tissue and normal mucous membrane of the esophagus, and to study...OBJECTIVE To compare the differences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies among the tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), para-neoplastic tissue and normal mucous membrane of the esophagus, and to study the relationship between the mtDNA and the occurrence and devel- opment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS The mtDNA copies of 42 specimens with the ESCC, paraneoplastic mucous tissue and normal mucous membrane of the esophagus were determined using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The mtDNA was analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The mtDNA from all of the tissues (42/42) from the ESCC, para-neoplastic tissue and normal esophageal mucous membranes was analyzed, showing that there were an average mtDNA copy number of 27.1894×106 μg DNA, 9.4102×106 μg DNA and 5.9347×106 μg DNA, from the respective tissues. There were signifi cant differences (F=27.83, P<0.05) in mtDNA copy number among the three. A positive band was shown at 403 bp after gel electrophoresis of the PCR products, and the lane where the ESCC mtDNA located was rather bright, which was in accordance with the result of the real-time PCR determination. CONCLUSION An increase in the mtDNA copy number is related to the occurrence and development of ESCC.展开更多
The most common apparatus used to investigate the load-deformation parameters of homogeneous fine-grained soils is a Casagrande-type oedometer. A typical Casagrande oedometer cell has an internal diameter of 76 mm and...The most common apparatus used to investigate the load-deformation parameters of homogeneous fine-grained soils is a Casagrande-type oedometer. A typical Casagrande oedometer cell has an internal diameter of 76 mm and a height of 19 mm.However, the dimensions of this kind of apparatus do not meet the requirements of some civil engineering applications like studying load-deformation characteristics of specimens with large-diameter particles such as granular materials or municipal solid waste materials. Therefore, it is decided to design and develop a large-scale oedometer with an internal diameter of 490 mm. The new apparatus provides the possibility to evaluate the load-deformation characteristics of soil specimens with different diameter to height ratios. The designed apparatus is able to measure the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest. The details and capabilities of the developed oedometer are provided and discussed. To study the performance and efficiency, a number of consolidation tests were performed on Firoozkoh No. 161 sand using the newly developed large scale oedometer made and also the 50 mm diameter Casagrande oedometer. Benchmark test results show that measured consolidation parameters by large scale oedometer are comparable to values measured by Casagrande type oedometer.展开更多
Objective.To test whether intramuscular,intranasal,intrarectal and intravagina l administration of HPV6b L 1 virus-like particlescould induce immune response in mice and to as sess whether intra-muscular and mucosal v...Objective.To test whether intramuscular,intranasal,intrarectal and intravagina l administration of HPV6b L 1 virus-like particlescould induce immune response in mice and to as sess whether intra-muscular and mucosal vaccination against HPV is feasible.Me thods.HPV6b L1proteins self-assembled into VLPs in Sf-9cell in vitro.Mic e were immunized on day0and21with50ìg HPV6b L1VLPs intramuscularly,int ranasally,intrarectally and intravagi-nally respectively.Sera were collected for testing IgG titer after a further7days and3months respec-tively.Results .After immunizations,all mice developed significant anti-HPV6b L1antibody titers in serum by7days after the second immunization.The titer of the serum I gG antibody against HPV6b L1VLPs in the intramuscularly immunized group was h igher than that in the intranasally,intrarectally and intravaginally immunized groups respectively,indicating that both muscular and mucosal administration of HPV6b L1VLPs can stimulate a systemic HPV-specific antibody response.Sera of the mice in the in-tramuscularly immunized group still maintained a high tit er of the serum IgG antibody against HPV6b L1VLPs 3months after the immunizat ion.Conclusion.The results demonstrated that the HPV6b L1VLPs maintain stro ng antigenicity.Immu-nization with HPV6b L1VLPs via intramuscular and mucos al routes,without adjuvant ,can elicit spe-cific antibody in sera.These fin dings suggest that the VLPs are able to induce protective antibodies.展开更多
The paper presents the results of a two-year research of properties and the way of use of briquettes and pellets made of separated and partially dehydrated digestate from agricultural BGSs （biogas stations）. Digesta...The paper presents the results of a two-year research of properties and the way of use of briquettes and pellets made of separated and partially dehydrated digestate from agricultural BGSs （biogas stations）. Digestate is a by-product of BGS. There are approximately 170 agricultural BGSs operating in the Czech Republic. Unprocessed digestate with the dry mass content around 6% is usually applied to soil as a lighter mineral fertilizer. If digestate is separated and the separated solid component of the digestate is further dehydrated to 14 % moisture, it can be processed by pressing to the form of very solid pellets and briquettes, also with various additives. It was also ascertained that mechanical strength and shape of briquettes does not change due to long-term storage. In this form, the compressed digestate can be used in various ways. One of the ways is its energetic use by direct burning. That is why we have observed its calorific value and combustion heat. Another alternative use of compressed digestate from BGS is its application in targeted treatment of in particular mechanical properties of soil and its water regime. The briquettes and pellets have great water sorption properties--the briquette retains water and as a consequence grows up to four times in size. This specific property was analysed and it was ascertained that the speed of water sorption depends on the composition of the compressed mixture （i.e., the type of material and the size of its particles）, but also on the total weight of the produced briquettes （i.e., their size）. Similar dependency was ascertained for other briquette materials that were analysed.展开更多
基金Funded by the Zhejiang Provincial Educatrion Ministry (No.2004884), and the Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of Ningbo University (No.2004037).
文摘In this paper, an approach to predicting randomly-shaped particle volume based on its two- Dimensional （2-D） digital image is explored. Conversion of gray-scale image of the particles to its binary counterpart is first performed using backlighting technique. The silhouette of particle is thus obtained, and consequently, informative features such as particle area, centroid and shape-related descriptors are collected. Several dimensionless parameters are defined, and used as regressor variables in a multiple linear regression model to predict particle volume. Regressor coefficients are found by fitting to a randomly selected sample of 501 panicles ranging in size from 4.75mm to 25ram. The model testing experiment is conducted against a different aggregate sample of the similar statistical properties, the errors of the model-predicted volume of the batch is within ±2%.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. 2007C33049), China
文摘The great majority of genetic disorders are caused by defects in the nuclear genome. However, some significant diseases are the result of mitochondrial mutations. Because of the unique features of the mitochondria, these diseases display characteristic modes of inheritance and a large degree of phenotypic variability. Recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in a wide range of age-related disorders and various forms of cancer.
基金Project(51079047)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A simplified probabilistic analysis of geomembrane punctures from granular material was presented when subjected to liquid pressure.The probability distribution of contact force between geomembrane and granular material was obtained based on the principle of equal probability and assumptions that grains are spheres with constant size.A particle flow code PFC3Dwas employed to simulate the contact process which indicates a good agreement with the theoretical probabilistic analysis.The odds of geomembrane puncture from grains of constant size were obtained by evaluating the puncture force which should not exceed the puncture resistance of geomembrane.The effects of grain radius,grain rigidity and liquid pressure were studied in more detail and displayed in graphs.Both high-level of liquid pressure and large grain can result in high risk of geomembrane puncture.The influence of grain rigidity on the geomembrane puncture odds is significant.For granular material with a grain size distribution,the geomembrane puncture odds can be estimated by the grain size distribution,served as weight function and it is a cautious design if the largest grain is chosen as the design grain size.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（20776008 20821004 20990224） the National Basic Research Program of China（2007CB714300）
文摘Particle image velocimetry technique was used to analyze the trailing vortices and elucidate their rela-tionship with turbulence properties in a stirred tank of 0.48 m diameter,agitated by four different disc turbines,in-cluding Rushton turbine,concaved blade disk turbine,half elliptical blade disk turbine,and parabolic blade disk turbine.Phase-averaged and phase-resolved flow fields near the impeller blades were measured and the structure of trailing vortices was studied in detail.The location,size and strength of vortices were determined by the simplified λ2-criterion and the results showed that the blade shape had great effect on the trailing vortex characteristics.The larger curvature resulted in longer residence time of the vortex at the impeller tip,bigger distance between the upper and lower vortices and longer vortex life,also leads to smaller and stronger vortices.In addition,the turbulent ki-netic energy and turbulent energy dissipation in the discharge flow were determined and discussed.High turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent energy dissipation regions were located between the upper and lower vortices and moved along with them.Although restricted to single phase flow,the presented results are essential for reliable de-sign and scale-up of stirred tank with disc turbines.
文摘Objective: To investigate the influence of anti-keratin autoantibodies (AK auto Abs) on telom-erase activity of squamous cell carcinoma cultured in vitro and the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of AK auto Abs on squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Influence of AK auto Abs on the proliferation of Tca cells was observed by MTT colorimetry. Telomerase activity of cultured Tca cells and human keratinocytes was determined by telomeric repeat amplication protocol-ELISA (TRAP-ELISA) and polyacrylamide gel elec-trophoresis (PAGE). After being treated with AK auto Abs for 36 h at a concentration of 4, 8, 16 mg/L respectively, the changes of telomerase activity of Tea cells were also detected by TRAP-ELISA and PAGE. Results: MTT colorimetric determination showed that the capacity of proliferation of Tca cells correlated negatively with the concentration of AK auto Abs (r= -0. 74, P<0. 01). TRAP-ELISA and PAGE showed that telomerase activity of Tca cells increased significantly compared to that of cultured human keratinocytes (t = 3. 5396, P<0. 01). AK auto Abs at a concentrations of 4, 8, 16 mg/L had significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on telomerase activity of Tca cells (r= - 0. 8358, P<0. 01). Conclusion: AK auto Abs have a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of cultured Tea cells. AK auto Abs inhibit telomerase activity of cultured Tca cells with dose-dependent pattern. It suggests that decrease of telomerase activity may play an important role in the inhibitory effects of AK auto Abs on squamous cell carcinoma.
文摘Thin plates of 21% Cr ferritic stainless steel welded by pulsed gas tungsten arc welding at different pulse frequencies were investigated for the microstructure characteristics and hardness behavior.The welds contained columnar grains in the outer part and fine equiaxed grains in the central region due to the pulsed process.
基金supported by the grand from Key Subjects Construction of the 10th Five-Year Plans 211 Project of the Ministry of Edu-cation [No. Jiaozhongban (2002) No.2].
文摘OBJECTIVE To compare the differences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies among the tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), para-neoplastic tissue and normal mucous membrane of the esophagus, and to study the relationship between the mtDNA and the occurrence and devel- opment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS The mtDNA copies of 42 specimens with the ESCC, paraneoplastic mucous tissue and normal mucous membrane of the esophagus were determined using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The mtDNA was analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The mtDNA from all of the tissues (42/42) from the ESCC, para-neoplastic tissue and normal esophageal mucous membranes was analyzed, showing that there were an average mtDNA copy number of 27.1894×106 μg DNA, 9.4102×106 μg DNA and 5.9347×106 μg DNA, from the respective tissues. There were signifi cant differences (F=27.83, P<0.05) in mtDNA copy number among the three. A positive band was shown at 403 bp after gel electrophoresis of the PCR products, and the lane where the ESCC mtDNA located was rather bright, which was in accordance with the result of the real-time PCR determination. CONCLUSION An increase in the mtDNA copy number is related to the occurrence and development of ESCC.
基金financial support provided by the Iran University of Science and Technology
文摘The most common apparatus used to investigate the load-deformation parameters of homogeneous fine-grained soils is a Casagrande-type oedometer. A typical Casagrande oedometer cell has an internal diameter of 76 mm and a height of 19 mm.However, the dimensions of this kind of apparatus do not meet the requirements of some civil engineering applications like studying load-deformation characteristics of specimens with large-diameter particles such as granular materials or municipal solid waste materials. Therefore, it is decided to design and develop a large-scale oedometer with an internal diameter of 490 mm. The new apparatus provides the possibility to evaluate the load-deformation characteristics of soil specimens with different diameter to height ratios. The designed apparatus is able to measure the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest. The details and capabilities of the developed oedometer are provided and discussed. To study the performance and efficiency, a number of consolidation tests were performed on Firoozkoh No. 161 sand using the newly developed large scale oedometer made and also the 50 mm diameter Casagrande oedometer. Benchmark test results show that measured consolidation parameters by large scale oedometer are comparable to values measured by Casagrande type oedometer.
文摘Objective.To test whether intramuscular,intranasal,intrarectal and intravagina l administration of HPV6b L 1 virus-like particlescould induce immune response in mice and to as sess whether intra-muscular and mucosal vaccination against HPV is feasible.Me thods.HPV6b L1proteins self-assembled into VLPs in Sf-9cell in vitro.Mic e were immunized on day0and21with50ìg HPV6b L1VLPs intramuscularly,int ranasally,intrarectally and intravagi-nally respectively.Sera were collected for testing IgG titer after a further7days and3months respec-tively.Results .After immunizations,all mice developed significant anti-HPV6b L1antibody titers in serum by7days after the second immunization.The titer of the serum I gG antibody against HPV6b L1VLPs in the intramuscularly immunized group was h igher than that in the intranasally,intrarectally and intravaginally immunized groups respectively,indicating that both muscular and mucosal administration of HPV6b L1VLPs can stimulate a systemic HPV-specific antibody response.Sera of the mice in the in-tramuscularly immunized group still maintained a high tit er of the serum IgG antibody against HPV6b L1VLPs 3months after the immunizat ion.Conclusion.The results demonstrated that the HPV6b L1VLPs maintain stro ng antigenicity.Immu-nization with HPV6b L1VLPs via intramuscular and mucos al routes,without adjuvant ,can elicit spe-cific antibody in sera.These fin dings suggest that the VLPs are able to induce protective antibodies.
文摘The paper presents the results of a two-year research of properties and the way of use of briquettes and pellets made of separated and partially dehydrated digestate from agricultural BGSs （biogas stations）. Digestate is a by-product of BGS. There are approximately 170 agricultural BGSs operating in the Czech Republic. Unprocessed digestate with the dry mass content around 6% is usually applied to soil as a lighter mineral fertilizer. If digestate is separated and the separated solid component of the digestate is further dehydrated to 14 % moisture, it can be processed by pressing to the form of very solid pellets and briquettes, also with various additives. It was also ascertained that mechanical strength and shape of briquettes does not change due to long-term storage. In this form, the compressed digestate can be used in various ways. One of the ways is its energetic use by direct burning. That is why we have observed its calorific value and combustion heat. Another alternative use of compressed digestate from BGS is its application in targeted treatment of in particular mechanical properties of soil and its water regime. The briquettes and pellets have great water sorption properties--the briquette retains water and as a consequence grows up to four times in size. This specific property was analysed and it was ascertained that the speed of water sorption depends on the composition of the compressed mixture （i.e., the type of material and the size of its particles）, but also on the total weight of the produced briquettes （i.e., their size）. Similar dependency was ascertained for other briquette materials that were analysed.
