微灌系统泵前无压网式过滤器过滤效率研究

泵前无压过滤器可以有效解决传统泵后过滤器能耗高、压损大等问题,为更加准确和全面评价其过滤效果,以新疆地区常用的泵前网式过滤器为研究对象,分别在实验室和工程现场开展观测试验,并提出有效过滤效率概念,对过滤效率进行了计算。结果表明:过滤前含沙量越大,全沙平均过滤效率就会越大,但某一时刻全沙过滤效率并不一定随着过滤前含沙量的增大而变大,反映出过滤效率除了与泥沙含量有关外,还与滤网孔径大小、泥沙粒径大小和粒组组成等有很大关系;过滤前后细沙的粒组变化不明显,而粗沙变化明显,说明滤网主要对粒径大于网孔直径(本文为0.180 mm)的泥沙过滤有效;根据提出的有效过滤效率概念,计算得到粗沙和细沙平均有效过滤效率分别为95.5%和98.1%;随着粒组直径的增大,粒组的有效过滤效率也逐渐增大,说明同一种滤网在相同条件下对较大粒组的过滤效率要明显大于较小粒组,这充分证明了本文提出的有效过滤效率的合理性。研究结果可补充网式过滤器现有规范中缺乏过滤效率计算方法的不足,为更加准确和全面地评价过滤器的过滤效果提供计算依据。

Effect of 0.3% Sc on microstructure, phase composition and hardening of Al-Ca-Si eutectic alloys

The phase composition,microstructure and hardening of aluminum-based experimental alloys containing0.3%Sc,0?14%Si and0?10%Ca(mass fraction)were studied.The experimental study(electron microscopy,thermal analysis and hardnessmeasurements)was combined with Thermo-Calc software simulation for the optimization of the alloy composition.It wasdetermined that the maximum hardening corresponded to the annealing at300?350°С,which was due to the precipitation of Al3Scnanoparticles with their further coarsening.The alloys falling into the phase region(Al)+Al4Ca+Al2Si2Ca have demonstrated asignificant hardening effect.The ternary eutectic(Al)+Al4Ca+Al2Si2Ca had a much finer microstructure as compared to the Al?Sieutectic,which suggests a possibility of reaching higher mechanical properties as compared to commercial alloys of the A356type.Unlike commercial alloys of the A356type,the model alloy does not require quenching,as hardening particles are formed in thecourse of annealing of castings.