基于FBD的定量斗粘矿数据实时处理策略

主井提升系统定量斗长期粘附颗粒不均的矿石,而且每次粘矿量不同,从而导致定量斗在往箕斗内卸入矿石后,提升矿量不可预测,出现超载事故或者提升效率低下的问题,而且提升量的积累计算误差很大,长期运行带来成本高,效率低并存在安全隐患。运用ABB公司的电控编程软件CBM,设计相关逻辑程序很好地解决了生产中的问题,使用后运行稳定。

湿粘矿料在皮带系统长距离运送中的探索与研究

湿粘矿料在皮带系统中长距离运送是非常困难的,在国内乃至国际上都是难题,由于矿料湿粘、流动性差等原因,运送中常发生堵料情况造成皮带打滑、异常磨损、附件损坏等设备故障。本文叙述了湿粘矿料在皮带系统运送中遇到的困难和解决困难的研究、改造过程,摸索出了一系列改进方法和措施并最终成功解决了这一难题。

华北克拉通南缘嵩箕地区喀斯特铝(粘)土矿成矿作用及其后生改造研究

华北克拉通铝(粘)土矿是我国喀斯特型铝(粘)土矿的典型代表,前人针对其物质组成、物质来源、成因机制开展了大量研究,但对其成矿后生改造尚未开展系统研究。本文对嵩箕地区铝(粘)土矿进行了研究,野外剖面显示,含矿岩系由底到顶包括风化壳层、铁质粘土岩、粘土质铝土矿、粘土岩、块状铝土矿层。通过矿物空间穿插关系、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针分析显示,铝(粘)土矿成矿期主要形成矿物包括硬水铝石、锐钛矿、伊利石、绿泥石等矿物。黄钾铁矾、赤铁矿、针铁矿、高岭石代表了后期改造矿物。矿物垂相分布指示赤铁矿和针铁矿随着深度变浅逐渐减少,硬水铝石在粘土质铝土矿层显著富集,黄钾铁矾广泛分布于铁质粘土岩层和风化壳顶部,穿插于粘土矿物或围绕在硬水铝石周围,以脉状、颗粒状分布,且与伊利石含量呈消长关系。同时,元素地球化学垂相分带显著,大离子亲石元素(Rb、Cs、Ba、Sr)与K_(2)O以及高场强元素(Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、U、Th)与TiO_(2)显示正相关。铝土矿层中Al_(2)O_(3)明显富集,而SiO_(2)则明显亏损。底板灰岩、风化壳、铁质粘土和粘土岩中,Al_(2)O_(3)和SiO_(2)具有一致的变化规律。铁质粘土岩中黄钾铁矾明显控制了K_(2)O、Fe_(2)O_(3)、S的含量,但对微量和稀土元素的影响较弱。电子探针分析结果显示不同形态黄钾铁矾成分相似,结合其空间分布特征,确定黄钾铁矾是由黄铁矿氧化形成的酸性流体改造含矿岩系形成。因此,嵩箕铝(粘)土矿成矿之后,经历了构造抬升作用,在地下水或大气降水影响下黄铁矿被分解、氧化为黄钾铁矾、针铁矿、赤铁矿等稳定矿物,早期生成的粘土矿物分解为高岭石。

登封煤田下部铝(粘)土矿预查采空区钻探工艺实践

在河南登封煤田下部铝(粘)土矿预查项目钻探施工中钻遇多层采空区,由于采空区煤层顶板岩层结构松散、破碎、裂隙发育,在采空区钻进出现进尺速度加快、钻井液全部漏失孔口不返水,并伴有掉钻现象,易发生坍塌、卡埋钻事故,导致岩心采取率低、钻探施工进度慢等问题。经过对以往采空区钻探地质资料分析,结合多年在采空区钻探施工的生产实践,针对采空区破碎岩层采用射流式取心钻具+液动锤取心器提高岩心采取率、下飞管和凝胶堵漏剂等钻探施工工艺,安全顺利穿过采空区,解决了勘查采空区的技术难题,并形成了独特的钻探施工工艺。

山西铝(粘)土矿含矿岩系中孝义型剖面类型稀有、稀土元素特征

山西铝(粘)土矿含矿岩系中含有Nb、Ta、Sc、Sr、Ga、Li六种稀有元素,15种稀土元素{用稀土总量(REO)、轻稀土(LREO)、中稀土(MREO)、重稀土(HREO)表示}。本文对山西铝(粘)土矿含矿岩系中的主要剖面类型—孝义型的稀有、稀土元素特征进行了论述。

河南省宜阳县煤下铝(粘)土矿区矿石品位、厚度及埋深之间的变化规律探讨

本文通过对宜阳县铝(粘)土矿地质背景、矿体特征、矿石特征等综合研究,总结矿石品位、厚度及埋深之间的变化规律,分析矿床成因及富集规律。

山西省临县—中阳铝（粘）土矿含矿岩系中的铌钽、锂元素分布特征分析

临县—中阳铝(粘)土矿含矿岩系自下而上大体为山西式铁矿—铁铝岩—铝(粘)土岩—硬质粘土矿—铝土矿—粘土矿—粘土岩。铌钽的含量自底部向上呈现“上升—下降”二阶段变化规律,中部铝土矿的含量最高;锂的含量则呈现“上升—下降—上升”三阶段变化规律,底部山西式铁矿和中部铝土矿中的含量最低,中下部铝(粘)土岩和顶部粘土岩中的含量最高,这是由于其不同矿物组成而引起不同元素富集所造成的。铌钽的分布在平面上整体呈现中部和北部高而南部低的形态,而锂的分布则呈现南高北低的形态,这主要是由于含矿岩系内不同岩矿中元素含量不同而导致的。

Research on anisotropy of shale oil reservoir based on rock physics model

Rock physics modeling is implemented for shales in the Luojia area of the Zhanhua topographic depression. In the rock physics model, the clay lamination parameter is introduced into the Backus averaging theory for the description of anisotropy related to the preferred alignment of clay particles, and the Chapman multi-scale fracture theory is used to calculate anisotropy relating to the fracture system. In accordance with geological features of shales in the study area, horizontal fractures are regarded as the dominant factor in the prediction of fracture density and anisotropy parameters for the inversion scheme. Results indicate that the horizontal fracture density obtained has good agreement with horizontal permeability measured from cores, and thus confirms the applicability of the proposed rock physics model and inversion method. Fracture density can thus be regarded as an indicator of reservoir permeability. In addition, the anisotropy parameter of the P-wave is higher than that of the S-wave due to the presence of horizontal fractures. Fracture density has an obvious positive correlation with P-wave anisotropy, and the clay content shows a positive correlation with S-wave anisotropy, which fully shows that fracture density has a negative correlation with clay and quartz contents and a positive relation with carbonate contents.

带精选区的湿式筒式磁选机底箱研制及应用

本文介绍了一种实用新型专利技术及其作用机理和作用效果。通过对传统磁选机底箱进行改进,增加了精矿漂洗水,使磁选机带有明显的精选区,分选指标大为改善,选别效率大为提高。

Bio-Mobilization of Potassium from Clay Minerals: I. By Ectomycorrhizas

A pot experiment was carried out to investigate effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi on eucalyptus growth and K bio-mobilization from soils and clay minerals. In the experiment, sands mixed with soil, KCI-saturated vermiculate and mica, respectively, were used to nurse eucalyptus seedlings which were nonectomycorrhized or ectomycorrhized by an ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius strain XCI (Pt XC1) isolated from a forest soil from Xichang, Sichuan Province, China, and a worldwide well-known ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius strain 2144 (Pt 2144) obtained in Australia. More depletion of HCl-soluble K by mycorrhizas from the soil and minerals than nonmycorrhizas suggested that mycorrhizas had a great ability to mobilize K present in the interlayer and feldspar. Mycorrhizal seedlings depressed greatly K digested with HF-HCIO4 from substrates after consecutive extractions of soils and minerals by water, ammonium cetate and boiling HCl, while nonmycorrhizal seedlings reduced it little if any, showing that the mycorrhizal seedlings could mobilize and then utilize the structural K in mineral lattice. Ectomycorrhizal fungi played a very important role not only in promoting the growth of eucalyptus seedlings but also in mobilizing K in soils and minerals. The infection of Pt XC1 led to a better growth of eucalyptus seedlings and more K accumulation in the seedlings than that of Pt 2144. The large differences in K accumulation by the seedlings might be due to different abilities of the two ectomycorrhizal fungi to mobilize K in interlayer and lattice pools in the clay minerals.

Effect of Potassium and C/N Ratios on Conversion of NH_4^+ in Soils

Two soils, one consisting of 1:1 clay minerals at pH 4.5 and the other containing 2:1 clay minerals at pH 7.0, were used to estimate the conversion of added NH+4 under different C/N ratios (glucose as the C source) and the addition of potassium. Under lower C/N ratios (0:1 and 5:1), a large part of the added NH4+ in the acid soil was held in the forms of either exchangeable or water soluble NH4+ for a relatively long time and under higher C/N ratio (50:1), a large amount of the added NH4+ was directly immobilized by microorganisms. In the second soil containing appreciable 2:1 type clay minerals a large part of the added NH+4 at first quickly entered the interlayer of the minerals under both lower and higher C/N ratios. In second condition, however, owing to microbial assimilation stimulated by glucose the newly fixed NH4+c ould be completely released in further incubation because of a large concentration gradient between external NH4+ and fixed NH4+ in the mineral interlayer caused by heterotrophic microorganisms, which imply the fixed NH4+ to be available to plants. The results also showed that if a large amount of K+ with carbon source together was added to soil, the higher K+ concentration of soil solution could impede the release of fixed NH4+ , even if there was a lot of carbon source.

Clay minerals and geochemistry of the bottom sediments in the northwestern East China Sea

Clay minerals of 34 sediments collected from the northwestern continental shelf of the East China Sea have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The clay mineral distribution is mainly controlled by the sediment source and the dominant circulation pattern. The predominant clay mineral in our study area is illite comprising more than 67% of the whole clay fraction. The highest concentration of illite （〉68%） is found in the southeastern offshore parts beyond the reach of terrigenous input from the Jeju Island. It means that these illites are largely transported by the Kuroshio Current from the South China Sea （SCS）. Smectite is highly concentrated in the northwest middle part and in the outer-shelf mud patch. It seems to be due to the high supply of smectite transported from China where fine-grained sediments are discharged from modern and ancient Huanghe （Yellow） River. The relatively high abundant kaolinite is likely derived from the Changjiang （Yangtze） River via the Taiwan Warm Current. In contrast, large amounts of chlorite and high chlorite/kaolinite ratios occur in the northwestern area, reflecting the transportation by the Yellow Sea Coastal Current from the southern Yellow Sea. The discrimination diagrams clearly show that the sediments in the northwestern East China Sea are ultimately sourced from Chinese rivers, especially from the Huanghe River, whereas the sediment in the northeast part might come from the Jeju Island. The muddy sediments of the Changjiang River＇s submerged delta have much lower 87Sr/S6Sr ratios （0.716 2-0.718 0） than those of the Shandong Peninsular mud wedge （0.721 6-0.724 9）, which are supposed to be originated from the Huanghe River, suggesting the distribution pattern of 87Sr/86Sr ratios as a new tracer to discriminate the provenance of shelf sediments in the study area. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the outer-shelf muddy sediments ranged from 0.7169 to 0.7216 in a wide range and was between those of the Huanghe River and Changjiang River sediments, suggesting multiple sources of the sediment in the area.

Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments of the South China Sea and its significance for in sediment sources and transport

Clay minerals of surface sediments in the South China Sea （SCS） are analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and their transport is explored with a grain size trend analysis （GSTA） model. Results show that clay mineral types in various sedimentary environments have different sediment sources and transport routes. Sediments in the northern SCS （north of 20°N） between the southwest of Taiwan Island and the outer mouth of the Pearl River have high contents of illite and chlorite, which are derived mainly from sediments on Taiwan Island and/or the Yangtze River. Sediments from the Pearl River are characterized by high kaolinite and low smectite content, and most are distributed in the area between the mouth of the Pearl River and northeast of Hainan Island and transported vertically from the continental shelf to the slope. Characterized by high illite content, sediments from Kalimantan Island are transported toward the Nansha Trough. Sediments from Luzon Island are related with volcanic materials, and are transported westwards according to smectite distribution. On the Sunda Shelf, sediments from the Mekong River are transported southeast in the north while sediments from the Indonesian islands are transported northward in the south. Ascertaining surface sediment sources and their transport routes will not only improve understanding of modem transportation and depositional processes, but also aid paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic analysis of the SCS.

Bio-Mobilization of Potassium from Clay Minerals: Ⅱ. By Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Ectomycorrhizal fungi, including Cenococcum geophilum SIV (Cg SIV), and Pisolithus tinctorius 2144 (Pt 2144), 441 (Pt 441) and XC1 (Pt XC1), were cultured in Pachlewski liquid medium with H2KPO4,KCl- saturated vermiculite and mica as K sources, respectively, to investigate the mechanism of K absorption and mobilization by the fungi. Fungal growth rate, K absorption and mobilization varied significantly among the fungal species. Faster growth and greater K accumulation in Pt XC1 than Pt 2 144, Pt 441 and Cg siv were observed. Ectomycorrhizal fungi depressed HCl-soluble K in minerals after successive extractions by water and NH4OAc. Ratio of the total amount of K, including water-, NH4OAc- and HCI-soluble K, lost from substrates to the K accumulated in fungal colonies was less than 60%. These reveal that the ectomycorrhizal fungi could utilize K in interlayer and structural pools, which are usually unavailable for plants in short period. Large differences in the depletion of K in interlayer and structural pools by fungi were observed at fungal harvest. Taking into account the nutrient absorption by ectomycorrhizal fungi in symbionts and the direct contact between hyphae and soils, the fungi species colonized on the root surfaces seemed to be related to the effectiveness of mycorrhizas to utilize K in soils. Ectomycorrhizal fungi differed in the efflux of protons and oxalate. Pt XC1 was observed to have greatest ability to effuse protons and oxalate among the fungi adopted in the experiment. Furthermore, the higher the concentrations of protons and oxalate in the liquid culture solutions, the larger the depletion of K in interlayer and structural pools in minerals by fungi. Protons could replace interlayer K and chelation of oxalate with Fe and Al in crystal lattice could cause weathering of clay minerals. So, protons and oxalate produced by ectomycorrhizal fungi might play an important role in K mobilization in these two pools.

Assemblage characteristics of clay minerals and its implications to evolution of eolian dust input to the Parece Vela Basin since 1.95 Ma

To understand the provenance and evolution of eolian input in the last 1.95 Ma in the Parece Vela Basin in the eastern Philippine Sea, the clay mineral assemblage of a gravity core PV090510 from the basin was investigated using paleogeomagnetic dating and X-ray diffraction. The assemblage of the core mainly consisted of smectite （-46%） and illite （-40%）, with some chlorite （-10%） and kaolinite （-4%）. Analysis of the provenance of these minerals suggested that smectite was mainly derived from volcanic rocks of the Mariana Arc, while illite, chlorite, and kaolinite were mainly transported as eolian dust by the East Asian monsoon from central Asia. We used the ratio of （illite＋chlorite＋kaolinite）/smectite as a proxy for Asian eolian input to the Parece Vela Basin since 1.95 Ma. This ratio followed glacial and interglacial cycles and was consistent with the intensity of the East Asian monsoon and aridity of central Asia since 1.95 Ma. The changes of the ratio reflected three different stages of the East Asian monsoon and provenance climate.

Characterization and separation of pyrite from Abu Tartur black shale

This work aimed for pyrite separation from Abu Tartur black shale as a source of sulfur to be an added economic value of Abu Tartur area. The considered samples in the present work were collected from a core drilled in Abu Tartur plateau representing the pyrite-rich black shale of the U. Cretaceous age, Sample characterization was carried out using petrographic microscope, XRD, DTA/DTG, C/S and XRF techniques. Clay minerals, silt-sized quartz, calcite, and hematite were the main minerals associating pyr- ite （5.34g）. Liberation behavior of the sample was about 80% below 5 μm. Sample processing was achieved through one-day soaking followed by classification using I inch Mozley hydro-cyclone where about 35.5% by weight went to underflow and 64.5% went to overflow. The underflow product was subjected to an advanced gravity separation process using SB-40 Falcon Concentrator through a CCD statistical design prepared by Design-Expert 6.0 software proposed to opti- mize the separation process through a study for the effects of frequency （Hz） and water pressure （Psi） on both assay and recovery of the sulfur-rich heavy fraction. A heavy concentrate weighed 10.90% with inorganic sulfur content reached 11.37% （21.24% pyrite） with overall recovery （50.01%） was obtained after two cleaning at the optimum conditions.

Mineral distributions in surface sediments of the western South Yellow Sea:implications for sediment provenance and transportation

The South Yellow Sea(SYS) is strongly influenced by the substantial sediment loads of the Huanghe(Yellow)(including the modern Huanghe and abandoned old Huanghe subaqueous delta) and Changjiang(Yangtze) Rivers. However,the dispersal patterns of these sediments,especially in the western SYS,have not been clearly illustrated. In this study,we have analyzed clay minerals,detrital minerals,and grain sizes for 245 surface sediment samples(0–5 cm) collected from the western SYS. The clay minerals,on average,consist of 67% illite,14% smectite,11% chlorite,and 8% kaolinite. Clay minerals,detrital minerals,and grain size analyses of surface sediments,combined with water mass hydrology analysis,reveal that sediments in the western SYS are mainly derived from the modern Huanghe River,the abandoned subaqueous delta of the old Huanghe River,some material from the Changjiang,and coastal erosion. The clay minerals(especially illite and smectite) and quartz/feldspar ratio distribution patterns,reveal that the influence of modern Huanghe sediments can reach 35°N in the northwestern part of the study area,an influence that can be enhanced especially in winter owing to northerly winds. Conversely,sediments along the Jiangsu coast are mixed,in summer,with material from the Changjiang arriving via northward flow of Changjiang Diluted Water. The Subei Coastal Current carries the refreshed sediments northward into the western SYS. Sediment distribution and transport in the western SYS are mainly controlled by the oceanic circulation system that is primarily related to the monsoon.

A Preliminary Stndy on Identification of Clay Minerals in Soils with Reference to Reflectance Spectra

The characteristics of the reflectance spectra of clay minerals and their influences on the reflectancespectra of soils are dealt with in the paper. The results showed that dominant clay minerals in soils couldbe distinguished in light of the spectral-form parameters of the reflectance spectra of soils, thus making itpossible to develop a quick method to determine clay minerals by means of reflectance spectra of soils in thelab. and providing a theoretic basis for retnote sensing of clay minerals in soils with a high resolution imagingspectrometer.

Changes of Clay Mineral Association After High-Gradient Magnetic Separation

The changes of clay mineral association after high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) treatment, and the effects of chemical and physical technologies on concentrating Fe oxides for main soils in central and southern China were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical analysis methods. Results indicated that the concentrating times of Fe oxides by HGMS treatment were the largest for 0.2-2 μmsize fractions in the examined soils. For the soils in which 2: 1 phyllosilicates were dominant, concentrating times of iron oxides by HGMS treatment were larger than by 5 mol L-1 NaOH treatment. Phyllosili-cates were decreased after HGMS treatment; however, the decrease was less than that of kaorolinite. The goet bite / (goethite + hematie) values in Fe oxides of the soils kept virtually constant after HGMSt reatment.

Characteristics of Lead Sorption on Clay Minerals in Relation to Metal Oxides

Difference of montmorillonite (Mt), illite (It) and kaolinite (Kt) in lead sorption characteristics and the effects of amorphous Fe and Al oxide coatings on the characteristics were experimentally studied with logistic model. The sorption curves had sigmoid feature due to use of acetate-type buffer solution. With the model the sorption process could be divided into four stages and the sorption characteristics at the stages were discussed. The results showed that, after Mt, It and Kt were coated by amorphous Fe oxide, their maximum sorption capacity (MSC) and percentage of high-SSC concentration scope (HCS) of Pb2+ increased markedly, but the specific sorption capacity (SSC) decreased. With regard to effects of amorphous Al oxide coating, except for It+AI, the SSC of other samples showed a downtrend, despite that their MSC remained unchanged. Eventually, the gray correlation degrees to Pb2+ sorption for different physicochemical characteristics of the clay minerals were indicated to be higher for hydronium, zero point of surface charge and hydroxy, but lower for specific surface area, density of surface charge and amount of surface charges.