With validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） Paenibacillus polymyxa DN-1 3% AS as the test agent, the effects of different dosage and different application time on the control efficacy for＇ rich sheath blight were in...With validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） Paenibacillus polymyxa DN-1 3% AS as the test agent, the effects of different dosage and different application time on the control efficacy for＇ rich sheath blight were investigated. The results of two- year test showed that when the application amount was in the range of 45-90 g.a.i/ hm^2, the field efficacy of validamycin A-（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS in the initial infection stage of rich sheath blight （Le., the diseased plant rate was below 5%） reached 80.38%-89.06%, and that in the peak infection stage （i.e., the diseased plant rate was higher than 10%） reached only 41.12%-53.26%. The field efficacy of validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS at the early onset of rich sheath blight was significantly better than that at the onset, so that the application time of validamycin A .（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS should be appropriately brought forward in the prevention and control of rice sheath blight.展开更多
Limited information is available concerning the mineralogy of paddy soils in the southeastern China.Using chemical methods in conjunction with X-ray diffractometry, we studied the mineral composition of three paddy so...Limited information is available concerning the mineralogy of paddy soils in the southeastern China.Using chemical methods in conjunction with X-ray diffractometry, we studied the mineral composition of three paddy soils: Jinghua (paddy soil on Quaternary red clay), Fuyang (Hapl-percogenic loamy paddy soil), and Shaoxing (gleyic clayey paddy soil). All the soils contained quartz, mica, vermiculite, chlorite and kaolinite, and the distribution of these minerals varied with soil particle size fractions. The clay fraction of the F’uyang and Shaoxing soils also contained smectite. Although X-ray data did not show the presence of smectite in the Jinghua soil, this mineral was identified by the chemical method, suggesting a transitional property of the mineral in the soil. Hydroxy-Al interlayered minerals were also present in the clay fraction.The amount of smectite in the soils was 31.6 (Shaoxing), 16.5 (Fuyang), and 21.4 (Jinghua) g kg-1; for vermiculite it was 33.3 (Shaoxing), 16.5 (Fuyang), and 8.5 (Jinghua) g kg-1. Smectite was only found in the clay fraction. In contrast, amounts of vermiculite in soil particle size fractions were 3.0～11.4 (sand),2.1～6.0 (coarse silt), 4.6～18.9 (medium silt), 0.9～40.0 (fine silt), and 17.0～108 (clay) g kg-1. The amount of noncrystalline aluminosilicates in the soils in g kg-1 decreased in the order: Shaoxing (2.4) > Jinghua (1.9) > Fuyang (1.7). This study has provided useful mineralogical information that is fundamental in future developmellt of management strategies of the soils.展开更多
Four types of Doenjang were prepared from 100% （w/w） defatted soybean （DFS）, a mixture of 80% （w/w） defatted soybean and 20% （w/w） glasswort （DFS-G）, a mixture of 80% （w/w） defatted soybean and 20% （w/w）...Four types of Doenjang were prepared from 100% （w/w） defatted soybean （DFS）, a mixture of 80% （w/w） defatted soybean and 20% （w/w） glasswort （DFS-G）, a mixture of 80% （w/w） defatted soybean and 20% （w/w） rice （DFS-R）, or a mixture of 60% （w/w） defatted soybean, 20% （w/w） glasswort and 20% （w/w） rice （DFS-GR）. Maturity of the DFS-G doenjang was the highest, which was proportional to total amino acid content. Antioxidative compounds and total amino acids were relatively higher in the doenjang with glasswort （DFS-G, DFS-GR） than those in the other preparations （DFS, DFS-R）. Succinic and pyroglutamic acid were relatively higher but levulinic acid was relatively lower in the doenjang with glasswort compared to those in the others. Mn, Fe, Zn, and Al were relatively higher in the doenjang with glasswort compared to those in the others. Volatile organic compounds were differently produced depending on doenjang type and influenced definitely by addition of glasswort and rice. Some bacterial communities responsible for meju fermentation were changed during ripening for doenjang whereas others were conserved.展开更多
Soil stabilization has been found to be very effective in upgrading the bearing capacity of weak soils for construction purposes. The stabilizing agent, for cost efficiency, ought to provide a cheaper alternative to o...Soil stabilization has been found to be very effective in upgrading the bearing capacity of weak soils for construction purposes. The stabilizing agent, for cost efficiency, ought to provide a cheaper alternative to other possible processes. With the rapid industrialization efforts around the globe, enormous quantities of waste materials are generated and there has not been adequate mechanism for recycling and re-use of such wastes to reduce the consequent environmental problems and hazardous situations created as a result. The objective of the study is to upgrade expansive soils from Eke Obinagu, Ugwuaji in Enugu State and Egbede in Abia State Nigeria, as constructions material using RHA （rice husk ash）. Expansive clay soils were mixed with this ash, remolded and tested to examine the effect on the OMC （optimum moisture content） and the CBR （California Bearing Ratio）. The characterization of the soils was done in accordance with BS1377 and 1990b, with respect to their engineering properties which include OMC, MDD, Soaked CBR, Liquid Limit, Classification and Sieve Analysis. The rice husk was burnt and prepared in a cylindrical incinerator to form the ash. The results of classification showed A-7-5, A-6, A-2-7 soils for Eke Obinagu, Egbede and Ugwuaji, respectively. The CBR values showed increase from 5% to 29%, 7% to 13% and 5% to 23% for A-7-5, A-6 ~nd A-2-7 respectively at optimal value of 17.5% stabilization. There was also an appreciable increase in the OMC values from 15% to 33%, 14% to 25% and 15% to 31% for A-7-5, A-6 and A-2-7 soils respectively at 17.5% stabilization. Empirical models based on Scheffe＇s model were developed with the experimental results and the equations resulting from the second degree polynomials of Scheffe＇s models were solved using the least square method. The models developed showed close correlation with the experimental results for the A-7-5 and A-6 soils and will form good guide in pavement and foundation designs in the study areas.展开更多
基金Supported by National Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Fund of China(2010GB2C300196)Modern Agricultural Production Development Fund(Rice Industry)Project of Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesIntegration and Demonstration of Chemical Fertilizer and Agrochemical Reduction and Efficiency Increasing Technology for Rice in Rice-wheat(rape)Rotation Areas in Anhui(2016YFD0200806)~~
文摘With validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） Paenibacillus polymyxa DN-1 3% AS as the test agent, the effects of different dosage and different application time on the control efficacy for＇ rich sheath blight were investigated. The results of two- year test showed that when the application amount was in the range of 45-90 g.a.i/ hm^2, the field efficacy of validamycin A-（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS in the initial infection stage of rich sheath blight （Le., the diseased plant rate was below 5%） reached 80.38%-89.06%, and that in the peak infection stage （i.e., the diseased plant rate was higher than 10%） reached only 41.12%-53.26%. The field efficacy of validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS at the early onset of rich sheath blight was significantly better than that at the onset, so that the application time of validamycin A .（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS should be appropriately brought forward in the prevention and control of rice sheath blight.
文摘Limited information is available concerning the mineralogy of paddy soils in the southeastern China.Using chemical methods in conjunction with X-ray diffractometry, we studied the mineral composition of three paddy soils: Jinghua (paddy soil on Quaternary red clay), Fuyang (Hapl-percogenic loamy paddy soil), and Shaoxing (gleyic clayey paddy soil). All the soils contained quartz, mica, vermiculite, chlorite and kaolinite, and the distribution of these minerals varied with soil particle size fractions. The clay fraction of the F’uyang and Shaoxing soils also contained smectite. Although X-ray data did not show the presence of smectite in the Jinghua soil, this mineral was identified by the chemical method, suggesting a transitional property of the mineral in the soil. Hydroxy-Al interlayered minerals were also present in the clay fraction.The amount of smectite in the soils was 31.6 (Shaoxing), 16.5 (Fuyang), and 21.4 (Jinghua) g kg-1; for vermiculite it was 33.3 (Shaoxing), 16.5 (Fuyang), and 8.5 (Jinghua) g kg-1. Smectite was only found in the clay fraction. In contrast, amounts of vermiculite in soil particle size fractions were 3.0～11.4 (sand),2.1～6.0 (coarse silt), 4.6～18.9 (medium silt), 0.9～40.0 (fine silt), and 17.0～108 (clay) g kg-1. The amount of noncrystalline aluminosilicates in the soils in g kg-1 decreased in the order: Shaoxing (2.4) > Jinghua (1.9) > Fuyang (1.7). This study has provided useful mineralogical information that is fundamental in future developmellt of management strategies of the soils.
文摘Four types of Doenjang were prepared from 100% （w/w） defatted soybean （DFS）, a mixture of 80% （w/w） defatted soybean and 20% （w/w） glasswort （DFS-G）, a mixture of 80% （w/w） defatted soybean and 20% （w/w） rice （DFS-R）, or a mixture of 60% （w/w） defatted soybean, 20% （w/w） glasswort and 20% （w/w） rice （DFS-GR）. Maturity of the DFS-G doenjang was the highest, which was proportional to total amino acid content. Antioxidative compounds and total amino acids were relatively higher in the doenjang with glasswort （DFS-G, DFS-GR） than those in the other preparations （DFS, DFS-R）. Succinic and pyroglutamic acid were relatively higher but levulinic acid was relatively lower in the doenjang with glasswort compared to those in the others. Mn, Fe, Zn, and Al were relatively higher in the doenjang with glasswort compared to those in the others. Volatile organic compounds were differently produced depending on doenjang type and influenced definitely by addition of glasswort and rice. Some bacterial communities responsible for meju fermentation were changed during ripening for doenjang whereas others were conserved.
文摘Soil stabilization has been found to be very effective in upgrading the bearing capacity of weak soils for construction purposes. The stabilizing agent, for cost efficiency, ought to provide a cheaper alternative to other possible processes. With the rapid industrialization efforts around the globe, enormous quantities of waste materials are generated and there has not been adequate mechanism for recycling and re-use of such wastes to reduce the consequent environmental problems and hazardous situations created as a result. The objective of the study is to upgrade expansive soils from Eke Obinagu, Ugwuaji in Enugu State and Egbede in Abia State Nigeria, as constructions material using RHA （rice husk ash）. Expansive clay soils were mixed with this ash, remolded and tested to examine the effect on the OMC （optimum moisture content） and the CBR （California Bearing Ratio）. The characterization of the soils was done in accordance with BS1377 and 1990b, with respect to their engineering properties which include OMC, MDD, Soaked CBR, Liquid Limit, Classification and Sieve Analysis. The rice husk was burnt and prepared in a cylindrical incinerator to form the ash. The results of classification showed A-7-5, A-6, A-2-7 soils for Eke Obinagu, Egbede and Ugwuaji, respectively. The CBR values showed increase from 5% to 29%, 7% to 13% and 5% to 23% for A-7-5, A-6 ~nd A-2-7 respectively at optimal value of 17.5% stabilization. There was also an appreciable increase in the OMC values from 15% to 33%, 14% to 25% and 15% to 31% for A-7-5, A-6 and A-2-7 soils respectively at 17.5% stabilization. Empirical models based on Scheffe＇s model were developed with the experimental results and the equations resulting from the second degree polynomials of Scheffe＇s models were solved using the least square method. The models developed showed close correlation with the experimental results for the A-7-5 and A-6 soils and will form good guide in pavement and foundation designs in the study areas.
