胆囊结石患者胆囊粘膜细菌群同步研究

目的:探讨胆道感染时胆囊粘膜细菌生长、细菌变迁,以指导临床合理使用抗生素。方法:采用X、Y、L型培养液检测胆囊结石患者胆囊粘膜细菌。结果:检测胆囊粘膜64例,有细菌生长54例,占83.4％,单种细菌生长40例,两种细茵生长14例。X型细菌生长7种,48例:L型细菌生长4种,16例;厌氧菌生长2种,6例。结论:胆道感染时胆囊粘膜细菌发生变迁,主要以粘质沙雷氏和大肠埃氏杆菌为主。氯霉素和先锋霉素应作为治疗胆道感染首选药物,胆囊粘膜细菌对青霉素应作为治疗胆道感染首选药物,胆囊粘膜细菌对青霉素、氨苄青霉素不敏感。

胆囊结石患者胆囊粘膜细菌脱氧核糖核酸的检测及意义

为了探讨胆囊粘膜细菌感染情况,我们采用聚合酶链式反应.脱氧核糖核酸(PCR-DNA)扩增技术,对70例胆囊结石患者胆囊粘膜细菌 DNA 进行研究,现报告如下。一、资料和方法1.资料:70例患者,男26例,女44例,年龄18～71岁,平均44±12岁。经 B 型超声检查诊断单纯胆囊结石,同期施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。本组70例随访近半年均无胆囊炎急性发作。

细菌粘膜对船体表面污损生物附着的影响

细菌粘膜是一个复杂而又可以控制的生态系，它对海中设施有影响，也和大型污损生物的附着有关。本文研究了防污漆表面细菌粘膜的组成，并利用筛选得到的菌株制成人工细菌粘膜验证其对污损生物的附着影响作用，实验结果得到具有抑制作用和促进作用的菌体。

浸海材料表面细菌粘膜组成和变化及其对海洋生物的附着影响

论述了浸海材料表面细菌粘膜中细菌的组成和变化情况 ,探讨了细菌粘膜对海洋生物附着的影响情况 。

Mucosal bacterial microflora and mucus layer thickness in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease

AIM:To assess the mucosa-associated bacterial microflora and mucus layer in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) .METHODS:Sixty-one adolescents(mean age 15 years,SD ± 4.13) were included in the study.Intestinal biopsies from inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa of IBD patients and from controls with functional abdominal pain were cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.The number of microbes belonging to the same group was calculated per weight of collected tissue.The mucus thickness in frozen samples was measured under a fluorescent microscope.RESULTS:The ratios of different bacterial groups in inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa of IBD patients and controls were specific for particular diseases.Streptococcus spp.were predominant in the inflamed mucosa of Crohn's disease(CD) patients(80% of all bacteria) ,and Lactobacillus spp.were predominant in ulcerative colitis patients(90%) .The differences were statistically significant(P = 0.01-0.001) .Lower number of bifidobacteria was observed in the whole IBD group.A relation was also found between clinical and endoscopic severity and decreased numbers of Lactobacillus and,to a lesser extent,of Streptococcus in biopsies from CD patients.The mucus layer in the inflamed sites was significantly thinner as compared to controls(P = 0.0033) and to non-inflamed areas in IBD patients(P = 0.031) .CONCLUSION:The significantly thinner mucosa of IBD patients showed a predominance of some aerobes specific for particular diseases,their numbers decreased in relation to higher clinical and endoscopic activity of the disease.

Bacterial diversity in the intestine of young farmed puffer fish Takifugu rubripes

The aim of the study was to examine the bacterial community associated with the intestinal mucus of young farmed puffer fish Takifugu rubripes. Polymerase chain reaction and partial 16 S r DNA sequencing was performed on DNA from bacteria cultivated on Zobell 2216 E medium. All the isolates were classified into two phyla—Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Proteobacteria were the dominant, culturable intestinal microbiota(68.3%). At the genus level, V ibrio, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Exiguobacterium, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudoalteromonas and S hewanella were isolated from the intestine, with representatives of the genera V ibrio, Enterobacter and Bacillus accounting for 70.7% of the total. This is the first report of Enterobacter, Bacillus, Exiguobacterium and Staphylococcus as part of the intestinal bacterial microflora in T. rubripes. The profile of the culturable bacterial community differed between samples collected from the same tank at 2-month intervals, as indicated by Bray-Curtis and Sorensen indices, and the impact on the intestinal physiology and health of puffer fish requires further investigation.

Probiotics in hepatology

The paper provides a basic review of intestinal microflora and its importance in liver diseases. The intestinal microflora has many important functions, above all to maintain the microbial barrier against established as well as potential pathogens. Furthermore, it influences the motility and perfusion of the intestinal wall, stimu- lates the intestinal immune system and therefore also the so-called common mucosal immune system, reducing bacterial translocation and producing vitamins. Immune homeostasis at mucosal level results from a controlled response to intestinal luminal antigens. In liver cirrhosis, there are many changes in its function, mostly an increase in bacterial overgrowth and translocation. In this review, probiotics and their indications in hepatology are generally discussed. According to recent knowledge, these preparations are indicated in clinical practice only for cases of hepatic encephalopathy. Probiotics are able to decrease the permeability of the intestinal wall, and decrease bacterial translocation and endotoxemia in animal models as well as in clinical studies, which is extremely important in the prevention of complications of liver cirrhosis and infection after liver transplantation. Probiotics could limit oxidative and inflammatory liver damage and, in some situations, improve the histological state, and thus non-alcoholic steatohepatitis could be considered as another possible indication.

Department of Etiology and Department of Pharmacology

In order to understand the role of transmembrane signal transduction of host cells in the early steps of infection,the adherence of E. coli to HEp 2 cells and the change of activity of phospholipase C γ (PLC γ) induced by the adherence were investigated.The adherence of enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC), strain E.7, induced a significant increase of inositol triphosphat (IP 3) level in HEp 2 cells. The adherence of the bacteria and the increase of IP 3 was kinetically correlated. Whereas the increase of IP 3 level induced by the adherence of the control strain EPEC (H511), a non piliated strain, was much meager than that by E7, a piliated strain. The results highlighted an important role of transmembrane signals like IP 3 in the pathogenesis of EPEC.

Adhesion mechanisms of Vibrio fluvialis to skin mucus of Epinephelus awoara

Vibriofluvialis incubated in trypticase soy broth （TSB） showed stronger adhesion to the skin mucus of Epinephelus awoara than V. fluvialis grown on trypticase soy agar （TSA）, and this bacterial adhesion was assessed in terms of saturation kinetics. Treating bacteria with antibody against O-antigens resulted in significantly reduced bacterial adhesion. In the early growth stage, the adhering bacteria numbers increased with incubation time, peaked at 24 h, and then dropped sharply. Prior heat treatment of the mucus at various temperatures resulted in different effects on bacterial adhesion. No remarkable effect on bacterial adhesion was detected after treating mucus with protease K and trypsin, whereas periodic acid treatment significantly enhanced bacterial adhesion. Extracts of K fluvialis surface structures at high concentrations significantly inhibited bacterial adhesion, while relatively low concentrations enhanced adhesion. V. fluvialis had strong affinity for a high molecular weight mucus component. These results indicate that V.fluvialis adhered strongly to E. awoara mucus by specific adhesion and that this adhesion was influenced by many factors, including bacterial conditions, mucus, and the environment.

EFFECTS OF SYSTEMIC FLUCONAZOLE THERAPY ON IN VITRO ADHESION OF CANDIDA ALBICANS TO BUCCAL EPITHELIAL CELLS AND CHANGES OF THE CELL SURFACE PROTEINS OF THE EPITHELIAL CELLS

This paper presented the effects of systemic fluconazole therapy via intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administrations on the adhesion of Candida albicans (C. albicans) to the buccal epithelial cells (BEC) from five treated patients with three candidosis, one mucormycosis and one sporotrichosis and at the same time.an analysis of the cell surface proteins involving candidal adherent receptor in the BEC of the patients in the course of 7 days were exposed to ￣3H-leucine radiolabeled C. albicans for in vitro candidal adherent assay.and the BEC from first intake day and the last intake day of the patients were extracted by dithiothreitol (DTT)-iodoacetamide treatment for SDSPAGE. These results indicate that the systemic fluconazole therapy results in the inhibitory effect of candidal adhesion to BEC of treated patients to prevent them from oral candidosis for a prolonged time, which is based on the absent surface protein (35 KDa) of the BEC.