药食同源真菌粪鬼伞不同提取物的活性研究

肉汤常量稀释法确定粪鬼伞粗提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、埃希氏大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌5种受试菌进行体外抑菌试验,测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并选取EAC、HepA和S180肿瘤细胞进行体外抑瘤实验。结果表明,除对白色念珠菌没有抑制作用外,粪鬼伞粗提物对受试细菌均有不同程度的抑菌效果,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、埃希氏大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌的MIC分别为32mg·mL-1、16mg·mL-1、16mg·mL-1、32mg·mL-1。粪鬼伞粗提物对EAC、HepA和S180肿瘤细胞均有明显的抑制作用,抑制率均在50%以上。

禽畜粪便对巨噬细胞吞噬功能影响的研究

本文采用巨噬细胞吞噬率(免疫荧光快速测定法)为检测指标,结合人血单核细胞体外实验和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞整体染毒实验,从免疫毒理学角度探讨了奶牛、猪和鸡粪水溶性提取物的危害。结果表明,三种动物均能抑制人血单核细胞的吞噬功能。并有明显的剂量-反应关系。三种粪便对单核细胞的抑制能力极为相似。经10天猪粪水溶性提取物连续灌胃染毒的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞实验也获得与体外实验相似的结果。

低毒力菌株小鼠细菌性腹膜炎模型的建立

目的 将无菌鼠粪提取物（sterile rat fecal extracts，SRFE）应用于低毒力菌株小鼠急性细菌性腹膜炎模型的构建并评价其应用效果。方法用SRFE和／或5％高活性干酵母液将菌液稀释至感染动物所需终浓度，每只小鼠腹腔注射0．5ml菌液，比较添加前后最低致死剂量的变化；比较SRFE浓度改变及与5％高活性干酵母液配伍体积比改变时小鼠死亡率的变化。结果添加20％SRFE后，细菌的最低致死剂量降低了78％-90％。增加SRFE的浓度，可提高小鼠死亡率。单用SRFE的效果并不理想，仍需与5％高活性干酵母液配伍使用。SRFE和5％高活性干酵母液不同体积比（2：1或3：1）时的小鼠死亡率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论在建立低毒力菌株小鼠急性细菌性腹膜炎模型时SRFE的添加可有效降低细菌的最低致死剂量。

Suppression of Rhizoctonia Damping-off of Chickpea Using Manure Extracts and Their Associated Fungi

Decomposed manure extracts of cattle, sheep, poultry, horse and their composition of antagonistic fungi were evaluated to suppress phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani, one of the most important causes of chickpea damping-off. In vitro, the dual culture test used the criteria to evaluate antagonistic potential of fungal isolates that associated with different manures, in addition to assessment severity of Rhizoctonial damping-off of chickpea seedlings in potting media Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus were highly colonized each of manure extract. Results of dual culture observed the significant reduction of the pathogens mycelial growth （70.9%） when one disc of R. solani was placed in the center and three discs of antagonistic were placed in the periphery of plates. However, the mycelial growth of R. solani evidenced a higher inhibition （48.62%） when cultured with the antagonistic of Penicillium sp.. Sheep and poultry manure extracts reduced the pathogen＇s growth by 47.24% and 49.2%, respectively. Severity rating of Rhizoctonial damping-off was decreased to 0.2 when using poultry manure containing antagonistic fungus of A. terreus, other treatments of composted soil were similarized in their results of disease index.

Dynamics of Humic Substance-Complexed Copper and Copper Leaching During Composting of Chicken Manure

Chicken manure was composted for 110 d to evaluate changes in organic carbon (C) and humic substance-complexed copper (HS-Cu) extracted with water,sodium hydroxide (NaOH),and sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide mixture (Na 4 P 2 O 7-NaOH).The average HS-Cu content from the Na 4 P 2 O 7-NaOH extraction accounted for 46.8% of the total Cu in the compost,followed by those from the NaOH and water extractions,which accounted for 34.5% and 6% of the total Cu in the compost,respectively.NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable HS-Cu increased throughout the composting process.NaOH-extractable HS-Cu increased during the first 50 d of composting and then leveled off.Water-extractable HS-Cu enhanced during the first 21 d and then decreased.Water-extractable HS-Cu was not correlated to NaOH-or NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable organic C.The average amount of Cu leached from the compost was about 20% of the total Cu in the chicken manure and Cu leaching increased during the first 35 d of composting and then decreased.Leaching of Cu was significantly correlated to the concentrations of HS-Cu extracted with NaOH and water,but was not correlated to the concentration of HS-Cu extracted with NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7.Thus,NaOH-and water-extractable HS-Cu were relatively labile and NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable HS-Cu was relatively immobile.Composting process after rapid decomposition could result in low potential of Cu leaching because of formation of more NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable HS-Cu.