论我国的粮食安全及其保障措施

粮食安全是一个国际性概念。事关国民经济发展和社会稳定。我国粮食总体上是安全的,但也存在诸多不安全因素,必须高度重视并采取切实有效的应对举措。

采取积极措施 抓好粮食生产

当前，我国我省的粮食供求关系发生了一些新的变化。在这种新情况下，以科学发展观为指导，按照中央和省委、省政府的部署和要求，采取积极措施，抓好粮食生产，是当前农村工作中一项重要而紧迫的任务。

转基因:转变农业发展方式之选

农业发展方式的转变和突破离不开转基因等现代科技的引导和推动,这不仅是战略的选择,也是务实的考量转基因,从字面上不难理解,指的就是基因的转移。转基因有广义和特定两种含义。广义的转基因就是泛指生物间的基因转移。自然界物种间的天然杂交和自然选择,农业生产中常用的杂交育种,都发生了基因的重新组合,都经过了转基因。例如,我们现在种植的绝大部分作物、吃的几乎所有食品。

从“四进四退”看农业走势

随着科学技术的发展、社会分工的细化、人口流动的加速、消费需求的改变等诸多因素的渗透,中国农业正在发生着多方位、多层面的结构性变化,分化、裂变、聚合和重构,带来的震荡效应,越来越深刻地影响着整个农业大系统。高度关注这一现象,对于把握农业走势,应时调整策略,意义重大。一、表现1.耕地农业进,草地农业退。长期以来,在以粮为纲的观念影响下,耕地农业大行其道。农业生产倚重于粮食生产。

The Scale of Constructing Mountainous Cities in Yunnan Province based on “Benchmark” Farmlands

In 2011, Yunnan provincial committee and government proposed the strat- egy of constructing mountainous cities in order to protect farmlands and guarantee crop safety, which makes full use of hills and gentle-slopes and transforms land use pattern. However, social and economic development performs unevenly in Yun- nan, supplemented by varied geographical conditions, so that constructing mountain- ous cities should proceed as per local conditions. The research proposed the con- trol of constructing mountainous cities provided crop safety under the principle of farmland protection and measured the quantities of demanded construction lands ac- cording to science of population prediction and ekistics, based on which the control scales of constructing mountainous cities were determined by multiplying basic farm- land coefficient and the area of newly increased construction lands. The research is of significance for guiding the construction of mountainous cities and avoiding the occupation of construction lands on farmlands.

Advances in Plant Science and Its Prospects

Focusing on the global food security and analyzing the challenges now confronting human being of global climate change,sustainable development of agriculture,energy and environment,plant scientists should take the social responsibility and play the role in solving the global problems like food security from the developmental status and potential of plant science and technology. Moreover,by working with agronomists, ecologists and environmental experts,plant scientists do provide novel ideas and technologies for developing low carbon agriculture,for breeding new crop varieties with high yield and quality and stress resistance,for developing new type of energy plants,for supplying healthy foods and drugs,reasonably using land and water resources,and for ameliorating environment,making better contribution to the sustainable development of the globe and human being ourselves.

An Innovative Project of Wheat Breeding

The objectives of wheat breeding in Sichuan and Chongqing were incon- sistent with the requirements of wheat production in 1980s. The new direction, to breed new wheat variety with high and stable yield, good quality, resistance to dis- eases, tolerance to spike sprouting, large head, white and big grain and outstanding commercial property, was put out in this article based on the development of wheat production, market economy and the needs of people. Depending on the selection and breeding work of Mianyang Institute of Agricultural Sciences for more than 20 years, new wheat varieties Mianyang 25, Mianyang 26, Mianyang 27, Mianyang 28, Mianyang 31, Xikemai 1 and Xikemai 6 were developed successively, which made a great contribution to the wheat breeding wheat breeding and production in SJchuan and even in China and the national food security.

国务院总理李克强:破解小微企业和“三农”融资难题

坚持市场主导和政策扶持相结合,有针对性地加快发展融资担保行业,深化金融改革,破解小微企业和"三农"融资难题,是完善定向调控的重要举措,有利于推动大众创业、万众创新,支持"三农"以增强实体经济"细胞"活力,夯实国民经济基础。国务院副总理汪洋:促进农业转型升级推动现代农业建设加快转变农业发展方式、促进农业转型升级,是党中央、国务院着眼经济社会发展全局作出的重大部署。要以改革创新为动力,以发展多种形式适度规模经营为核心,以构建现代农业经营体系。

Construction of Land Resource Security System for Core Grain Production Region in Henan Province

To solve the contradiction between supply and demand of land, the con- struction of land resource security guarantee system is an important part to coordi- nate the economic development and cultivated land protection in the core grain pro- duction region. Based on the deep analysis on the land resources characteristics and problems using the combined method of literature review method with qualita- tive and quantitative analysis, we constructed the land resource security system for different categories according to the land use principles of optimization, intensivism, improvement, and overall planning, and proposed the corresponding supporting mea- sures. The results showed that controlling the new increase, promoting the reclama- tion and improvement of land are the basis for land resource security, clearing the idle, improving the utilization rate of stock are the core of the efficient use of land resources, and establishing a unified urban and rural construction land market is the key to promoting the economical and intensive utilization of land resources, provid- ing scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of land resources in the core grain production regions.

两会春风吹暖农情——人大代表、政协委员共话农资行业发展

伴随着春天的脚步,一年一度的全国两会在京召开,来自全国各地的两会代表、委员欢聚一堂,共商国是。《中国农资》传媒特派记者进驻两会,采访农资与"三农"问题代表、委员。他们有的来自基层、有的来自企业、有的来自科研单位,但是他们都有一个心愿,为了"三农"的明天献计献策。

Spatio-temporal Changes of ≥10℃ Accumulated Temperature in Northeastern China since 1961

The objective of this study was to provide reliable basis for decision making for national food security and layout and structure adjustment of grain production in the northeastern China. The data of mean daily air temperature of 1961-2009 from 106 meteorological stations in the northeastern China were chosen in this study. Using statistical methods and isoline method, the spatio-temporal changes of various decadal ≥10℃accumulated temperature and the climatic means of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature were studied in this paper. The results showed that 1） The geo- graphical distribution of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature in the northeastern China could be influenced directly by the latitude, longitude and altitude. If latitude moved one degree northward, the average decrease amplitude of the climatic means was 101.9℃ in the study area. 2） The means of decadal ≥10℃ accumulated temperature rose since the 1980s, and their increase amplitudes became larger in the 1990s and the 2010s obviously. Compared with those of the 1980s, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increased by about 100℃ in the mountainous and plain areas in the 1990s; compared with those of the 1990s, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increased by about 200℃ in the Hulun Buir High Plain and the Songnen Plain, and 100℃ in the Sanjiang Plain and the Liaohe Plain in the 2010s. 3） The means of the decada ≥10℃accumulated temperature for 106 meteorological stations in the northeastern China increased with the rate of 145.57℃/10yr in 1961-2009.4） The climatic means of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increased from 1961-1990 to 1971-2000 and 1981-2009. Compared with the climatic mean of 1971-2000, that of 1981-2009 had increased by above 50℃ in most of the study area, even up to 156℃. Compared with the climatic mean of 1961-1990, that of 1981-2009 increased by above 100℃ in most parts of the study area, even up to 200℃. 5） The maximum northward shift, eastward and westward extension amplitudes of3100℃, 3300℃ and 3500℃ isolines were larger among all isolines for the climatic means of the three phases. Compared with the positions of the isolines of 1961-1990, those amplitudes of 31000C isoline of 1981-2009 were 145 km, 109 km and 64 km, respectively; those of 3300℃ isoline were 154 km, 54 km and 64 km, respectively; and the maximum northward shift of 3500℃ isoline was about 100 km.

SWOT Analysis on Building Plateau Granary in Yunnan Province

With the further deepening of economic integration, Yunnan food security problems have become increasingly prominent. The construction of highland granary is an effective way to comply with the important strategic plan of China and allevi- ate the food security problems in Yunnan. In this paper, SWOT （Strengths Weak- nesses Opportunities Threats） analysis was used to analyze the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and challenges encountered in the construction of Yun- nan plateau granary, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were proposed.

Soil Degradation and Food Security Coupled with Global Climate Change in Northeastern China

The northeastern China is an important commodity grain region in China,as well as a notable corn belt and major soybean producing area.It thus plays a significant role in the national food security system.However,large-scale land reclamation and non-optimum farming practices give rise to soil degradation in the region.This study analyzed the food security issues coupled with global climate change in the northeastern China during 1980–2000,which is the period of modern agriculture.The results of statistical data show that the arable land area shrank markedly in 1992,and then increased slowly,while food production generally continually increased.The stable grain yield was due to the increase of applied fertilizer and irrigated areas.Soil degradation in the northeastern China includes severe soil erosion,reduced soil nutrients,a thinner black soil layer,and deterioration of soil physical properties.The sustainable development of the northeastern China is influenced by natural-artificial binary disturbance factors which consist of meteorological conditions,climate changes,and terrain factors as well as soil physical and chemical properties.Interactions between the increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation in the region led to reduced accumulation of soil organic matter,which results in poor soil fertility.Human-induced factors,such as large-scale land reclamation and non-optimum farming practices,unsuitable cultivation systems,dredging,road building,illegal land occupation,and extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides,have led to increasingly severe soil erosion and destruction.Solutions to several problems of soil degradation in this region requiring urgent settlement are proposed.A need for clear and systematic recognition and recording of land use changes,land degradation,food production and climate change conditions is suggested,which would provide a reference for food security studies in the northeastern China.

郴州市人民政府关于实施粮油深加工及物流百亿产业工程的意见

郴政发[2011]18号CZCR-2011-00024各县市区人民政府,市政府各部门、部门管理机构、直属事业单位,中省驻郴各单位:为加快推进我市粮油加工和物流业发展,根据《湖南省人民政府关于实施粮油深加工及物流干亿产业工程的意见》(湘政发[2010]33号)精神,结合我市实际。

自治区人民政府办公厅关于印发深化种业体制改革提高创新能力实施意见的通知

宁政办发[2014]109号各市、县(区)人民政府,自治区政府各部门、直属机构:《深化种业体制改革提高创新能力的实施意见》已经自治区人民政府同意,现印发给你们,请认真贯彻执行。

Analysis of Grain Storage Security Countermeasures under the New Normal Condition with "Grain Storage Technology" as the Core

Grain storage security is big issue related to national economy and the people＇s livelihood, as well as one of the most important strategic requirements in China. Under the background of grain supply-side structural reform, this paper analyzed the grain storage security countermeasures under the new normal conditions with ＂grain storage technology＂, one of the national grain security strategies of China during the 13th Five-year Plan, as the guiding ideology, from the perspectives of scientific technologies, policy supports, government supports and talent construction, so as to provide supports for the storage enterprises with vulnerable technological links. In addition, the food security issues discussed in this paper could be a helping hand in improving people＇s living quality, enhancing grain storage ecological quality, promoting grain green storage quality security, and be of important and profound strategic significance to enhance the macro-control capability of the government, maintain social stability and people＇s health.

Climate change impact in the Western Himalaya:people's perception and adaptive strategies

The Himalaya represents a vast mountain system and globally valued for its significant role in regulation of global as well as regional climate that has direct impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services crucial for sustenance of millions of people in Himalaya and adjoining areas. However, mountain regions worldwide are impacted by climate change and at the same time represent distinctive area for the assessment of climate related impacts. Climate change impacts in Himalayan region have its implications on food production, natural ecosystems,retreat of glacier, water supply, human and animal health and overall human well being. The livelihood and food security of the people inhabited in region largely depend on climate sensitive sectors i.e.agriculture, livestock, forestry and their interlinkages with each other, and has the potential to break down food and nutritional security as well as livelihood support systems. People's perception and understanding of climate can be an important asset when it comes to adaptation to climate change impact;however it is not taken into consideration for the development of policy design and implementation of modern mitigation and adaptation strategies by governments and other civil society organizations.The knowledge of local people and farming communities for rural landscape management and sustainable use of bioresources is gaining credence as a key strategy to cope up with the climate change.Therefore, the present study analyzes the indigenous knowledge of local people and their perceptions on climate change, and also documented adaptation approaches at local level in mountain ecosystem of western Himalaya. The study could be useful to policy makers to design appropriate adaptation strategies to cope up with the impacts of climate change.

The Grain-population Relationship and the Effect of Main Food Producing Areas in China

With the increase of global population,grain-population relationship has attracted great attention worldwide.In China,grain-population relationship has become an increasingly important economic concern.Of central importance to the food security debate in China is the geography of grain supply and demand.This paper uses a grain demand and supply index (DSR) to analyze the spatial-temporal relationship between population and grain in China from 1949 to 2007 at national and provincial scales.The results are examined in three periods.(1) From 1949 to 2007,with the increase of grain production,the relationship between population and grain of China improved considerably.(2) Over the past 35 years (1970-2005),on the whole the grain producing areas have had grain surplus and contributed to the nation by providing grain,but the ability to provide sufficient grain is not stable.(3) Over the past 15 years (1990-2005),decreases in planting area brought pressure on national grain food security.The paper concludes that the key to providing more food for the main food producing provinces is increasing yield on the basis of steady plant area.

Impact of Climatic Change on Agricultural Production and Response Strategies in China

A number of studies indicate that global climate warming has been increasing, especially in recent decades. Climate warming greatly affects global agro-production and food security-- becoming a hotspot of global environmental change. This paper proposes a structural and orientational framework for scientifically addressing climatic change impact on agroroduction. Through literature reviews and comparative studies, the paper systematically summarizes influencing mechanisms and impact of climate warming on such agro-production factors as light, temperature, soil quality and water environment. The impact of climate warm- ing on cultivation regions, cropping systems, crop pests, agro- production capacity, agro-economy and farm management is analyzed. Then, suitable climate-adapting agro-development strategies are put forward for different regions in China. The strategies are carefully selected from a repository of international tested climatic change countermeasures in agriculture at national or district level.

Present Situation and Strategies for State Foodstuff Security

The system of State Foodstuff Security is a comprehensively systematical framework, which needs concerted support and energetic cooperation from all walks of lives. This paper analyzes the strategies for State Foodstuff Security： integrating new biological techniques with traditional methods, full utilization of soil with its protection, policies leading with market regulation, steady high yield with promoting additional value through further processing, general foodstuff production with substitute food seeking, domestic self-supply with international trade complementarities as well as short-term exploiting with long-term development on the basis of the increase of general foodstuff production capability.