加氢预精制温度对异构脱蜡润滑油基础油组成及性质的影响

以石蜡基减二线酮苯脱蜡油和减四线糠醛精制油为原料，考察加氢预精制温度对异构脱蜡润滑油基础油的产品结构、性质及收率的影响，并通过气相色谱-质谱和NMR等方法对产品的族组成和结构进行了分析表征。实验结果表明，加氢预精制后，链烷烃含量小幅提高，环烷烃含量增加，芳烃含量大幅降低，说明除少量增加的链烷烃外，加氢预精制过程中发生芳烃饱和及选择性开环（SOR）反应所获得的带支链的环烷烃是贡献黏度指数的主要组分；随反应温度的提高，加氢预精制催化剂的SOR功能提高，但选择性降低。NMR分析结果显示，高温加氢预精制油的异构脱蜡产品，平均链长变短1～3个碳数，支化度降低，结构的改变使重质基础油产品的黏度指数提高4～6个单位，倾点降低3～6℃。

混合轻脱油的糠醛精制及模拟

以混合轻脱油的糠醛精制为目标,单级精制的数据为基础,建立多级糠醛精制的模型方程。应用数值算法结合原油的质量指标,模拟并讨论精制温度、醛油比和平衡级数对精制油的质量指标和收率的影响。结果表明本文的方法合理有意义。

无酸法回收车用废润滑油的工艺研究

该实验所设计的废润滑油再生方案是以废油预处理—糠醛精制—减压蒸馏为主要流程进行的,利用溶剂溶解度的不同进行萃取从而达到对废润滑油的再生,实验是分别在不同剂油比;不同温度下对废润滑油进行糠醛精制。实验结果为当剂油比为2∶1;精制温度为85℃时为糠醛精制的最佳工艺条件,回收后的油品经添加适当的添加剂调和后可循环使用。

Comparison of Two Types of Control Structures for Benzene Chlorine Reactive Distillation Systems

The ＂neat＂ operation of the two-reactant reactive distillation column has Oetter steady-state economics, while It presents a challenge for design, optimization, and control of the process. Based on the optimal economic design, the dual-composition control structure and dual-temperature control structure are designed respectively for the benzene chlorine consecutive reactive distillation process. The effectiveness and robustness are analyzed comparably for the disturbance resistance in terms of changes of production rate and feed composition. Results show that dual-temperature control with propose selection of tray temperatures and the optimal profile of the set point can provide better transient process performance than the composition control structure.

Corner strength enhancement of high strength cold-formed steel at normal room and elevated temperatures

In this study, the suitability of current design methods for the 0.2% proof yield strength of the comer regions for high strength cold-formed steel at normal room temperature was investigated. The current standard predictions are generally accurate for outer comer specimen but conservative for inner comer specimen. Based on the experimental results, an analytical model to predict the comer strength of high strength cold-formed steel at normal room temperature was also proposed. The comparison indicated that the proposed model predicted well the comer strength of high strength cold-formed steel not only at normal room temperature but also at elevated temperatures. It is shown that the predictions obtained from the proposed model agree well with the test results. Generally the comer strength enhancement of high strength cold-formed steel decreases when the temperature increases.

Precise Control of Temperature Rising Speed of Wafer during Rapid Thermal Processing

In rapid thermal processing of a semiconductor wafer, it is important to keep a given temperature rising speed of the wafer during the temperature rising process. We made an experimental apparatus to measure the temperature rising speed of a ceramic ball of 2 mm in diameter heated with four halogen lamp heaters. The heating rate of the halogen lamp heaters was controlled by computer to keep a given temperature rising speed of 50 ℃/s with a controlling time interval of 0.1 s. We examined the effect of various heating control methods on the error of the temperature rising speed of the ceramic ball. We found that a combined method of control with prepared correlation and PID （proportional integral derivative） control is a good method to decrease the error of the temperature rising speed. The average error of the temperature rising speed is 0.5 ℃/s, and the repetition error is almost zero for the temperature rising speed of 50 ℃/s from 330 ℃ to 370 ℃. We also measured the effects of artificial control delay time and measuring error of the monitoring temperature on the error of the temperature rising speed.

Experimental study on the effect of porosity on the uniaxial compressive strength of sea ice in Bohai Sea

For the abnormal ice condition in 2009-2010 winter, sea ice samples were collected in a tide ditch outside a port in the east coast of Liaodong Bay, and ice specimens were prepared. Experimental study was carried out with a temperature-control precision of 0.1℃, and 117 columnar-grained ice specimens were loaded along the direction parallel to ice surface under different test temperatures （-4, -7, -10, -13, -16℃） and strain rates ranging from 10^-6 to 10^-2 s^-1 within which the ductile region, duetile-brittle transition and brittle region are contained. The uniaxial compressive strengths, density and salinity of the ice specmens were measured. The results support the curved-surface relationship between the uniaxial compressive strength and porosity within a wide range of strain rate. The curved-surface relationship gives a quantitative description about the variations of the mechanical behavior transition point with ice porosity, and supplies a uniform mathematical representation of uniaxial compressive strength under different failure modes. Besides, it is deduced that abnormal ice condition in 2009-2010 winter will not result in a change of the uniaxial compressive strength of sea ice in Bohai Sea.