缥缃盈栋,精本充牣——仁和朱氏结一庐藏书研究

藏书史与书史是一对孪生兄弟,作为人类文明传播和延续的一种重要方式,藏书早已成为一种文化而被视为人类文明的重要标志.江南地区是我国藏书文化的发达地区,这里不仅是经济上的富庶之地,鱼米之乡,而且是人文之渊薮,文明之沃土.

Composition of Essential Oils of Morus alba Leaves and Chamaecyparis pisifera Outer Heartwood

[Objective] The aim was to explore the composition of essential oils of Morus alba leaves and Chamaecyparis pisifera outer heartwood. [Method] The essential oils of M. alba leaves and C. pisifera outer heartwood were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,respectively. [Result] Alcohols [phytol （59.47%,extracted 3 h for M. alba leaves）,α-cadinol （38.77%,extracted 6 h for C. pisifera outer heartwood）] were their first principal volatile components. Phytol was usually used as pharmaceutical raw material and α-cadinol was a kind of active organic compound with antibacterial function. [Conclusion] The essential oils of M. alba leaves and C. pisifera outer heartwood with hydrodistillation have medicinal value.

敦煌写本《春秋谷梁传集解》的文献价值

敦煌卷子伯二五三六号乃是《春秋谷梁传集解》卷三的写本。用这个写本来比勘中华书局影印本和北京大学出版社标点本,我们可以校订出不少今本的舛误之处。同时,这个写本保存了大量有别于今本的异文,有些是陆德明《经典释文》也未著录的,弥足珍贵。另外,这个写本不仅是依《汉志》十一卷之旧式的古本,也是品相完好、书法精工、字迹清晰的精本,可以作为唐代经籍写本的一个样板来进行研究。总之,该写本在校勘、版本等方面的文献价值不可低估。

Deformation caused by the 2011 eastern Japan great earthquake monitored using the GPS single-epoch precise point positioning technique

Crustal deformation can provide constraints for studying earthquake rupture and shock wave transmission for the Mw9.0 eastern Japan great earthquake. Using the single- epoch precise point positioning （PPP） method and the appropriate positioning flow, we process GPS data from six IGS （International GNSS Service） sites （e.g., MIZU, TSK2, USUD, MTKA, AIRA and KSMV） located in Japan and obtain the positioning results with centimeter scale precision. The displacement time series of the six sites are analyzed using the least squares spectral analysis method to estimate deformations caused by the Mw9.0 mainshock and the Mw7.9 aftershock, and the cumulative displacements after 1 day. Mainshock displacements at station MIZU, the nearest site to the mainshock in the North （N）, East （E）, and Up （U） directions, are -1.202 m, 2.180 m and -0.104 m, respectively, and the cumulative deformations after 1 day are -1.117 m, 2.071 m and -0.072 m, respectively. The displacements at station KSMV, the nearest site to the Mw7.9 aftershock in the N, E and U directions, are -0.032 m, 0.742 m and -0.345 m, respectively. The other sites obviously experienced eastern movements and subsidence. The deformation vectors indicate that the horizontal displacements caused by the earthquake point to the epicenter and rupture. Elastic bounds evidently took place at all sites. The results indicate that the crustal movements and earthquake were part of a megathrust caused by the Pacific Plate sinking under the North American Plate to the northeast of Japan island arc.

Effect of Sources and Concentrations of Soybean Phosphatidylcholine on Diluted Goat Semen Equilibrated at 4 ℃

The objective of the present study was to determine the proper sources and concentrations of soybean lecithin （phosphatidylcholine, PC） to be used as substitute for hen egg yolk in extender for preserving goat semen. Two sources of soybean lecithin （20% and 95% soybean phosphatidylcholine; PC20 and PC95） and three concentrations （1%, 2% and 3% v/v） of PC20 and PC95 supplemented in Tris-citric acid-fructose （TCF） extender were tested. The TCF extender supplemented with 20% hen egg yolk was used as a control. Fresh semen samples were collected from 3 goats by artificial vagina. Seminal plasma was removed by centrifugation and sperm pellets were pooled together and divided into 7 groups according to types of extender. The diluted semen samples were kept at 4 ℃ （equilibration）. The semen qualities including progressive motility, sperm viability, sperm plasma membrane integrity and tail abnormalities were evaluated before dilution and after 4 hrs equilibration. It was found that the progressive motility of equilibrated semen in egg yolk and PC20 extenders were higher than those in PC95 extender （P 〈 0.05）. Sperm viability was lower in 1% and 2% PC95 extender compared to other extenders （P 〈 0.05）. PC20 extender maintained the sperm membrane integrity and normal tail morphology at low temperature better than egg yolk and PC95 （P 〈 0.05）. It can be concluded that 20% soybean phosphatidylcholine supplemented in TCF extender at 1%-3% （v/v） is as effective as hen egg yolk to preserve goat semen during equilibration at 4 ℃ for 4 hrs .

Role of the first mitosis in the remodeling of the parental genomes in mouse embryos

Although male and female pronuclei reside in the same zygotic cytoplasm, they differ in many respects, such asvolume and transcriptional activity. The aim of this study is to investigate whether these differences are lost during thefirst mitosis. For this purpose, a new method was developed to inhibit the mixing of two parental chromosomes duringmitosis, thus to induce the formation of two nuclei after they exit from the mitotic phase. In this method, one-cellembryos are arrested at metaphase by treatment with nocodazole, and whn exitting from the mitotic phase, two nucleiwere formed in a single karyocyte following treatment with 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP). These embryos weredesignated as post-mitotic embryos (PM-embryos), in which the two nuclei were derived from the male and femalegenomes. We found that in the control one-cell embryos that had not been treated with the reagents, the volume of themale pronucleus was about 1.65-fold greater than that of the female pronucleus, whereas the volumes of the two nucleiin the PM-embryos were similar (volume ratio of 1.01). Although a two-fold difference in transcriptional activity wasdetected between the male and female pronuclei in the control embryos, no difference in transcriptional activity wasdetected between the two nuclei of PM-embryos. The ratio of transcriptional activity in the nucleus derived from thepaternal genome to that from the maternal genome was 1.02, for which no significant difference was detected by the χ2fitness test. Therefore, the volumes and transcriptional activities of the male and female nuclei were approximately equalin PM-embryos, which suggests that the asymmetries of pronuclear volume and transcriptional activity between maleand female genomes are somehow losted during the first mitosis.

Essential Oils Composition of Two Endemic Umbelliferae Herbs Growing Wild in Turkey

The present study was carried out to determine the essential oil composition of aerial parts of two endemic umbelliferae herbs （Malabaila lasiocarpa Boiss. and Stenotaenia macrocarpa Freyn ＆ Sint. ex Freyn） collected from Bingol （Turkey）, using headspace solid-phase microextraction method and gas chromatography （GC） interfaced with mass spectrometer analysis. Forty six and 43 compounds were identified for M. lasiocarpa and S. macrocarpa, respectively, representing 91.40% and 90.86% of their respective essential oils. Germacrene D （20.71%）,β-elemene （12.40%）, spathulenol （11.60%） and β-selinene （9.67%） were identified as the major compound of M. lasiocarpa. β-sesquiphellandrene （19.68%）, hexyl isobutyrate （12.65%） and octanal （9.53%） were found to be the major compounds ofS. macrocarpa. Essential oil composition ofM. lasiocarpa has been determined for the first time and the results have been discussed in view of chemotaxonomy, natural products and potential usefulness of these plants.

Dynamic batch selective sampling based on version space analysis

A novel dynamic batch selective sampling algorithm based on version space analysis is presented. In the traditional batch selective sampling, example selection is entirely determined by the existing unreliable classification boundary; meanwhile, within a batch, examples labeled previously fail to provide instructive information for the selection of the rest. As a result, using the examples selected in batch mode for model refinement will jeopardize the classification performance. Based on the duality between feature space and parameter space under the SVM active learning fi：amework, dynamic batch selective sampling is proposed to address the problem. We select a batch of examples dynamically, using the examples labeled previously as guidance for further selection. In this way, the selection of feedback examples is determined by both the existing classification model and the examples labeled previously. Encouraging experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Vibration Characteristics of Detached Houses in Japan by Onethird Octave Band Frequency to Environmental Vibration Estimation

In recent years, the complaints against the vibration as environmental pollution tends to increase gradually in Japan. The measurement investigation to demonstrate the actual situation of the environmental vibration was carried out for several years. The measurement manual for each vibration source such as operations of factory machine, construction works, road traffics and railways to unify measurement methods was made at the start. From the measurement investigation, the vibration amplification characteristics of the detached house by one-third octave frequency in Japan was analyzed as a purpose to improve estimated precision of the vibration in a detached house. In this paper, the vibration amplification characteristic expressed at onethird octave band frequency was shown, and the characteristics was arranged about a result measured with 27 detached houses in Japan.

On the effectiveness of the ideological and political education in higher vocational colleges

The ideological and political education in vocational colleges has ＂employment oriented＂, ＂practicability＂ and ＂practicalness＂ and other features, while facing the practical difficulties that the cultural spirit is insufficient, the specialization of the teachers is not strong, and the students lack their own active participation and so on. The higher vocational colleges must deepen the concepts of running higher vocational education, strengthen the construction of the team of the ideological and political theory education, pay more attention to the combination of the ideological and political education with the practice, cultivate the people-oriented model of the ideological and political education, and improve the effectiveness of the ideological and political education.

Fuzzy Ontology Construction Based on Incomplete Knowledge

There exists widely incomplete knowledge all over the world, but incomplete knowledge still cannot be dealt with in the process of ontology construction. Hence, a method for fuzzy ontology construction based on incomplete knowledge is proposed. First, the calculation principle of the attribute weight of the ontology concept is presented, and the calculation function of the attribute weight is derived through experiments. Then, the membership degree of the incomplete individual to the concept is computed. Finally, the incomplete individual is classified according to the principle of the variable precision rough set model. The experimental results show that the average precision of the classification of the incomplete individuals is 81.7% when the common attributes are omitted and that it is difficult to classify the incomplete individuals correctly when the private attributes are omitted. This method is significant for handling incomplete knowledge in the process of ontology construction.

Spiritual Capital as a Fundamental Element of Cultural Capital

Cultural capital is usually regarded as a mechanism of influence on personality. Coleman contributed to this study largely, although Bourdieu introduced the concept of a theoretical understanding of capital varieties. He was interested in the convergence of social, cultural, and economic capital. The authors propose to focus on the cultural capital of both the qualitative characteristics of the state of society. The problem is that in the presence of cultural capital as a funded system of values in the form of works of art and science, society degrades morally. Any cultural capital based on traditional religious values. This does not mean the broadcasting of religious themes in works of art, although it excludes, but rather a philosophical position of artists and researchers, through which the public receives the interpretation of events, their assessment of a certain value-regulatory system of coordinates. This element is the spiritual capital of the company and is a fundamental element of cultural capital. Qualitative state of society, its morality depends on the amount of spiritual capital, which he occupies in the field of cultural capital. A striking example of how the degradation and spiritual revival of capital in society can serve as the processes that took place during the last century.

Pharmaceuticalization and Biomedicalization： An Examination of Problems Relating to Depression in Japan

The growing number of people suffering from depression has become a social problem in Japan. The problems associated with depression in Japan have been influenced by the pharmaceuticalization of mental health. Since selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were introduced to Japan＇s pharmaceutical market in 1999, demand for anti-depressant medications has rapidly expanded. It seems likely then that the efforts of pharmaceutical companies, as part of their marketing strategies, to increase people＇s awareness of mental illness have led people who are not actually depressed to have medical consultations and drug treatments for it. This phenomenon is known as ＂disease mongering＂ and has been reported on. Problems exist from the medical perspective also and include the following： expansion of the diagnostic criteria for depression as formulated in the American Psychiatric Association＇s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; treatments that rely heavily on drugs; and biomedicalization. Another reason for the increase in medical consultations is the declining function of communal bodies. This has resulted in individuals struggling psychologically, for example, with anxiety, worry, and depression. In summary, this sociological research analyzed the problems of depression in ｜apan and revealed how the pharmaceuticalization of mental health accelerates the individualization of social problem.

Sustainability and Entrepreneurship in the Biofuels Supply Chain： A Proposal for a Survey

Investments in bio-energies require deep and accurate analysis to evaluate their economical feasibility both by the investors＇ and the policy makers＇ perspectives. The chance to attain locally organized supply chains is presumably higher where there is a higher concentration of human, natural and financial capitals. After a literature review about social capital and energy supply chain （prg. 1）, we investigate the instruments for public direct financial incentive （prg. 2） and the development of the public intervention plans in the agro-energy sector within the Local Development Plans （LDP） by Local Action Groups （LAG）. Then, we present the case study of the Apulia Region （prg. 3） based upon a unique dataset, specifically built that collects LDP data relative to social capital. We finally propose a new methodological approach that makes use of social network analysis investigating the net of relationships underneath the territorial organization of the LAGs and the local supply chains. Results seem to show that site specificities affect the sustainability of biofuels supply chains, and that effect seems to be reciprocally bounded, thus calling for the inclusion of such measures when planning new policies, and for analytical approaches encompassing historical perspectives. Finally, we draw the conclusions.

Analytic study on the optimal control of water hammer waves in pipes

To realize the accurate control of water hammer in pipes by valve stroking, based on basic differential equations of water hammer subjected to initial and boundary conditions, the traveling solution of wave equations in finite region was applied to the linear water hammer problem. With the given velocity function at the valve and the introduction of curve integration independent of integral path, the exact analytic solution of dimensionless water hammer pressure was obtained in the course of valve closing. Based on the definition of eigen wave height, optimal eigen wave height and observation time, the control goal of water hammer pressure and the judgment rule of the optimal eigen wave height were determined, then the optimal velocity function in the calculated example was derived, which can reduce the water hammer pressure maximally. According to this function, a valve closing program was set, and the optimal control of water hammer could be realized.

Effect of Concentrate to Roughage Ratio on Cost Effective Growth Performance of Brahman Crossbred Calves

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and cost per gain of Brahman × local crossbred bull calves receiving three diets with varying concentrate to roughage ratio （C：R） of 75：25, 65：35 and 55：45 on dry matter （DM） basis. Twelve bull calves （aging 11.5 ±1.2 months and 170.8 ± 13.0 kg live weight） divided into three equal groups were fed on three diets. The diets were balanced to 14.5% crude protein （CP） level and 10.5 MJ metabolizable energy （ME） per kg DM, formulating different concentrate mixtures. German grass （Echinoclora grousgali） and paddy straw were offered at 2：1 ratio on DM basis as roughages. The results revealed that C：R ratio did not affect （P 〉 0.05） the intake of feed and nutrients, feed efficiency （7.04, 6.94 and 6.76） and average daily gain （981,958 and 976 g）. Digestibility of nutrients was not affected （P 〉 0.05） by C：R. Animals fed diet with C：R = 55：45 had the lowest feed cost （Bangladeshi Taka 136.8 BDT/kg live weight gain）, which was increased （147.5 B DT and 153.8 BDT） non-significantly （P 〉 0.05） with the increasing level of concentrate. The diet consisting of 55% concentrate mixture showed similar results with the diet consisting of 75% concentrate mixture, but was comparatively economic. Therefore, considering the growth performance and cost per kg gain of Brahman crossbred growing calves, it may be concluded that the diet consisting of 55：45 C：R may be used for economic beef production.

Correlation between tobacco and alcohol use and Traditional Chinese Medicine constitutions: an analysis based on a sample from general population of China

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between smoking and drinking and constitution types from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)theory.METHODS:The Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ)was used.A sample of 8448subjects from nine provinces and municipalities was chosen from the database of the TCM constitution and health status survey.Constituent ratio and correspondence analysis were used to find the relationship between smoking and drinking and TCM constitution.RESULTS:There was an association between smokinganddrinkingandtheGentleness,phlegm-dampness,and dampness-heat type constitutions.People that did not smoke tobacco or drink alcohol tended to have Yang-deficiency,Yin-deficiency,Qi-depression,Qi-deficiency,special diathesis,orblood-stasis type constitutions.CONCLUSION:There was a significant correlation between tobacco and alcohol use and TCM constitutions.To improve patient health,more attention should be paid to tobacco and alcohol control.

Accuracy characterization and measurement point planning for workpiece localization

This paper addresses the problem of accuracy characterization and measurement point planning for 3-D workpiece localization in the presence of part surface errors and measurement errors. Two frame-invariant functions of the infinitesimal rigid body displacement are defined to quantify the localization accuracy required by manufacturing processes. Then, two kinds of frame-invariant indices are derived to characterize the sensitivities of the accuracy measures to the sampling errors at the measurement points. With a dense set of discrete points on the workpiece datum surfaces pre-defined as candidates for measurement, planning of probing points for accurate recovery of part location is modeled as a combinatorial problem focusing on minimizing the accuracy sensitivity index. Based on an interchange rule, a greedy algorithm is developed to efficiently find a near-optimal solution. It is also shown that if the number of the measurement points is sufficiently large, there is no need to optimize their positions. Example confirms the validity of the presented indices and algorithm. Keywords localization - fixture - accuracy - uncertainty assessment - measurement planning - optimal design - heuristic algorithm

The first all-season sample set for mapping global land cover with Landsat-8 data

We report the world's first all-season training and validation sample sets for global land cover classification with Landsat-8 data.Prior to this,such samples were only available at a single date primarily from the growing season.It is unknown how much limitation such a single-date sample has to mapping global land cover in other seasons of the year.To answer this question,we selected available Landsat-8 images from four seasons and collected training and validation samples from them.We compared the performances of training samples in different seasons using Random Forest algorithm.We found that the use of training samples from any individual season would result in the best overall classification accuracy when validated by samples in the same season.The global overall accuracy from combined best seasonal results was 67.2% when classifying the 11 Level-1 classes in the Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover(FROM-GLC) classification system.The use of training samples from all seasons(named all-season training sample set hereafter) produced an overall accuracy of 67.0%.We also tested classification within 10° latitude 60° longitude zones using all-season training subsample within each zone and obtained an overall accuracy of 70.2%.This indicates that properly grouped subsamples in space can help improve classification accuracies.All the results in this study seem to suggest that it is possible to use an all-season training sample set to reach global optimality with universal applicability in classifying images acquired at any time of a year for global land cover mapping.

One Electron Atom in Special Relativity with de Sitter Space-Time Symmetry

The de Sitter invariant Special Relativity （dS-SR） is SR with constant curvature, and a natural extension of usual Einstein SR （E-SR）. In this paper, we solve the dS-SR Dirac equation of Hydrogen by means of the adiabatic approach and the quasi-stationary perturbation calculations of QM. Hydrogen atom is located in the light cone of the Universe. FRW metric and ACDM cosmological model are used to discuss this issue. To the atom, effects of de Sitter space-time geometry described by Beltrami metric are taken into account. The dS-SR Dirac equation turns out to be a time dependent quantum Hamiltonian system. We reveal that： （i） The fundamental physics constants me, h, e variate adiabatically along with cosmologic time in dS-SR QM framework. But the fine-structure constant α≡ - e^2/（hc） keeps to be invariant; （ii） （2s^1/2 - 2p^1/2）-splitting due to dS-SR QM effects： By means of perturbation theory, that splitting △E（z） are calculated analytically, which belongs to O（1/R^2）-physics of dS-SR QM. Numerically, we find that when ｜R｜ = {103 Gly, 104 Gly, 105 Gly}, and z = {1, or 2}, the AE（z） 〉〉 1 （Lamb shift）. This indicates that for these cases the hyperfine structure effects due to QED could be ignored, and the dS-SR fine structure effects are dominant. This effect could be used to determine the universal constant R in dS-SR, and be thought as a new physics beyond E-SR.