实时精确定轨的自校准方法

实时精确定轨的迫切性越来越成为航天技术任务发展所关注的问题.本文将轨道约束"EMBET"自校准技术[1,2]推广到实时轨道确定处理;在不断地获取对航天器轨道测量数据的过程中,递推地估算和修正观测数据的系统误差,又实时地为用户提供精确的轨道状态参数或轨道根数.

基于星历拟合的短弧运动学定轨

当导航卫星在姿轨控和轨道恢复期间,传统的统计定轨理论难以实现精密定轨。首次提出了基于10参数星历拟合的短弧运动学定轨方法,建立和推导了相应的理论模型和定轨解算方法。其优点在于不仅能够反映卫星运动的物理学特征,提高了速度和轨道预报精度,而且不需要累积数据,实现近实时快速计算,克服了动力学法定轨发散和单点定位无法获得速度信息的不足。对COMPASSM-01导航卫星实测数据的处理表明,10分钟短弧运动学定轨的位置精度优于10m,速度精度为2cm/s,预报5分钟轨道精度为15.02m,满足了短弧跟踪条件下RDSS对轨道精度的要求,实现了卫星精密定轨。

On simulation of precise orbit determination of HY-2 with centimeter precision based on satellite-borne GPS technique

The HY-2 satellite carrying a satellite-borne GPS receiver is the first Chinese radar altimeter satellite, whose radial orbit determination precision must reach the centimeter level. Now HY-2 is in the test phase so that the observations are not openly released. In order to study the precise orbit determination precision and procedure for HY-2 based on the satellite- borne GPS technique, the satellite-borne GPS data are simulated in this paper. The HY-2 satellite-borne GPS antenna can receive at least seven GPS satellites each epoch, which can validate the GPS receiver and antenna design. What＇s more, the precise orbit determination processing flow is given and precise orbit determination experiments are conducted using the HY-2-borne GPS data with both the reduced-dynamic method and the kinematic geometry method. With the 1 and 3 mm phase data random errors, the radial orbit determination precision can achieve the centimeter level using these two methods and the kinematic orbit accuracy is slightly lower than that of the reduced-dynamic orbit. The earth gravity field model is an important factor which seriously affects the precise orbit determination of altimeter satellites. The reduced-dynamic orbit determination experiments are made with different earth gravity field models, such as EIGEN2, EGM96, TEG4, and GEMT3. Using a large number of high precision satellite-bome GPS data, the HY-2 precise orbit determination can reach the centimeter level with commonly used earth gravity field models up to above 50 degrees and orders.

Precise orbit determination of Beidou Satellites with precise positioning

Chinese Beidou satellite navigation system constellation currently consists of eight Beidou satellites and can provide preliminary service of navigation and positioning in the Asia-Pacific Region.Based on the self-developed software Position And Navigation Data Analysis(PANDA) and Beidou Experimental Tracking Stations (BETS),which are built by Wuhan University,the study of Beidou precise orbit determination,static precise point positioning (PPP),and high precision relative positioning,and differential positioning are carried out comprehensively.Results show that the radial precision of the Beidou satellite orbit determination is better than 10 centimeters.The RMS of static PPP can reach several centimeters to even millimeters for baseline relative positioning.The precision of kinematic pseudo-range differential positioning and RTK mode positioning are 2-4 m and 5-10 cm respectively,which are close to the level of GPS precise positioning.Research in this paper verifies that,with support of ground reference station network,Beidou satellite navigation system can provide precise positioning from several decimeters to meters in the wide area and several centimeters in the regional area.These promising results would be helpful for the implementation and applications of Beidou satellite navigation system.

Orbit determination and prediction for Beidou GEO satellites at the time of the spring/autumn equinox

Geostationary(GEO) satellites form an indispensable component of the constellation of Beidou navigation system(BDS). The ephemerides, or predicted orbits of these GEO satellites(GEOs), are broadcast to positioning, navigation, and timing users. User equivalent ranging error(UERE) based on broadcast message is better than 1.5 m(root formal errors: RMS) for GEO satellites. However, monitoring of UERE indicates that the orbital prediction precision is significantly degraded when the Sun is close to the Earth's equatorial plane(or near spring or autumn Equinox). Error source analysis shows that the complicated solar radiation pressure on satellite buses and the simple box-wing model maybe the major contributor to the deterioration of orbital precision. With the aid of BDS' two-way frequency and time transfer between the GEOs and Beidou time(BDT, that is maintained at the master control station), we propose a new orbit determination strategy, namely three-step approach of the multi-satellite precise orbit determination(MPOD). Pseudo-range(carrier phase) data are transformed to geometric range(biased geometric range) data without clock offsets; and reasonable empirical acceleration parameters are estimated along with orbital elements to account for the error in solar radiation pressure modeling. Experiments with Beidou data show that using the proposed approach, the GEOs' UERE when near the autumn Equinox of 2012 can be improved to 1.3 m from 2.5 m(RMS), and the probability of user equivalent range error(UERE)<2.0 m can be improved from 50% to above 85%.