Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)- occurs more freq uently in male children and adolescents than in females, with a ratio of approxi mately 3 to 1. We determined whether psychophysiological di...Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)- occurs more freq uently in male children and adolescents than in females, with a ratio of approxi mately 3 to 1. We determined whether psychophysiological differences are associa ted with the expression of ADHD in males and females, using simultaneously recor ded electroencephalography (EEG) and electrodermal activity (EDA). Methods: Quan titative EEG and EDA measures were acquired simultaneously and continuously (2 m in) during an eyes closed resting condition for 70 ADHD adolescents (48 males, 2 2 females) and their age- and sex- matched controls. Results: Males and female s with ADHD were differentiated by both EEG theta activity and EDA. ADHD males s howed increased theta (widespread), whereas ADHD females showed a localised fron tal enhancement of theta with reduced rate of EDA decrement. These sex differenc es were unrelated to ADHD subtype. Conclusions: These findings suggest that diff erent psychophysiological processes may underlie ADHD in each sex. The profile o f theta enhancement in ADHD males is consistent with a developmental deviation m odel of ADHD, whereas ADHD in females may be better understood within an arousal model, which emphasizes both central and autonomic function. Significance: Thes e findings highlight the potential for concurrent EDA measures to inform EEG stu dies of ADHD, particularly in regard to sex differences.展开更多
The pathogenesis of Functional Dyspepsia （FD） remains unclear, appears diverse and is thus inadequately understood. Akin to other functional gastrointestinal disorders, research has demonstrated an association betwe...The pathogenesis of Functional Dyspepsia （FD） remains unclear, appears diverse and is thus inadequately understood. Akin to other functional gastrointestinal disorders, research has demonstrated an association between this common diagnosis and psychosocial factors and psychiatric morbidity. Conceptualising the relevance of these factors within the syndrome of FD requires application of the biopsychosocial model of disease. Using this paradigm, dysregulation of the reciprocal communication between the brain and the gut is central to symptom generation, interpretation and exacerbation. Appreciation and understanding of the neurobiological correlates of various psychological states is also relevant. The view that psychosocial factors exert their influence in FD predominantly through motivation of health care seeking also persists. This appears too one-dimensional an assertion in light of the evidence available supporting a more intdnsic aetiological link. Evolving understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and the heterogeneous nature of the syndrome will facilitate effective management. Co-morbid psychiatric illness warrants treatment with conventional therapies. Acknowledging the relevance of psychosocial variables in FD, the degree of which is subject to vadation, has implications for assessment and management. Available evidence suggests psychological therapies may benefit FD patients particularly those with chronic symptoms. The rationale for use of psychotropic medications in FD is apparent but the evidence base to support the use of antidepressant pharmacotherapy is to date limited.展开更多
Objectives:First-year college students had exposure to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that correlate with a high prevalence of anxiety and depression.Regarding to the modifiable lifestyle behaviors factors,this study i...Objectives:First-year college students had exposure to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that correlate with a high prevalence of anxiety and depression.Regarding to the modifiable lifestyle behaviors factors,this study investigated the prevalence and correlation of multiple lifestyle behaviors,anxiety and depression in a sample of Chinese first-year college students.Methods:Cross-sectional data were extracted from Residents eHealth app of health lifestyle behaviors survey from September to October 2019.Anxiety,depression,eating regular meals,consumption of snacks in-between meals,consumption of fruit,dessert and sugar-sweetened beverages,smoking and secondhand smoke exposure,consuming alcohol,physical activity,sedentary time were assessed by self-report.Socio-demographic including age,gender,education,family income,religion,and health condition were captured.Logistic regression was used to explore the association of multiple lifestyle behaviors,anxiety and depression.Results:Totally 1,017 participants were included in the study.The prevalence of anxiety and depression(from mild to severe) were 40.3% and 45.3%,respectively.In multivariable analyses,religion (believe in Buddhism,OR =2.438,95%CI:1.097-5.421;believe in Christian,OR =5.886,95%CI:1.604-21.597),gender (Female,OR =1.405,95%CI:1.001-1.971),secondhand smoke exposure (OR =1.089,95%CI:1.001-1.184),and eating regular meals (OR =0.513,95%C1:0.346-0.759) were associated with anxiety.Family income (OR =0.732,95%CI:0.596-0.898),eating regular meals (OR =0.641,95%CI:0.415-0.990),frequency of breakfast (OR =0.813,95%CI:0.690-0.959),with a chronic disease (OR =1.902,95%CI:1.335-2.712),and consumption of nocturnal snack (OR =1.337,95%CI:1.108-1.612) were associated with depression.Conclusions:These results highlighted the need for early lifestyle behavior intervention,especially modifying diet patterns considering the background of religion,health condition,and social-economic status in first-year college students to improve their mental health.展开更多
The issue of students＇ mental health has become a common concern for the students, parents, universities and even the society. Using literature to analyze the causes and types of students＇ psychological barriers and...The issue of students＇ mental health has become a common concern for the students, parents, universities and even the society. Using literature to analyze the causes and types of students＇ psychological barriers and to explain the impacts of sports on the mental health of students, the writer considers that sports can not only improve the body＇ s healthy state of college students, but also improve their mental health and play a very significant role in treating students＇ mental illness.展开更多
文摘Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)- occurs more freq uently in male children and adolescents than in females, with a ratio of approxi mately 3 to 1. We determined whether psychophysiological differences are associa ted with the expression of ADHD in males and females, using simultaneously recor ded electroencephalography (EEG) and electrodermal activity (EDA). Methods: Quan titative EEG and EDA measures were acquired simultaneously and continuously (2 m in) during an eyes closed resting condition for 70 ADHD adolescents (48 males, 2 2 females) and their age- and sex- matched controls. Results: Males and female s with ADHD were differentiated by both EEG theta activity and EDA. ADHD males s howed increased theta (widespread), whereas ADHD females showed a localised fron tal enhancement of theta with reduced rate of EDA decrement. These sex differenc es were unrelated to ADHD subtype. Conclusions: These findings suggest that diff erent psychophysiological processes may underlie ADHD in each sex. The profile o f theta enhancement in ADHD males is consistent with a developmental deviation m odel of ADHD, whereas ADHD in females may be better understood within an arousal model, which emphasizes both central and autonomic function. Significance: Thes e findings highlight the potential for concurrent EDA measures to inform EEG stu dies of ADHD, particularly in regard to sex differences.
文摘The pathogenesis of Functional Dyspepsia （FD） remains unclear, appears diverse and is thus inadequately understood. Akin to other functional gastrointestinal disorders, research has demonstrated an association between this common diagnosis and psychosocial factors and psychiatric morbidity. Conceptualising the relevance of these factors within the syndrome of FD requires application of the biopsychosocial model of disease. Using this paradigm, dysregulation of the reciprocal communication between the brain and the gut is central to symptom generation, interpretation and exacerbation. Appreciation and understanding of the neurobiological correlates of various psychological states is also relevant. The view that psychosocial factors exert their influence in FD predominantly through motivation of health care seeking also persists. This appears too one-dimensional an assertion in light of the evidence available supporting a more intdnsic aetiological link. Evolving understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and the heterogeneous nature of the syndrome will facilitate effective management. Co-morbid psychiatric illness warrants treatment with conventional therapies. Acknowledging the relevance of psychosocial variables in FD, the degree of which is subject to vadation, has implications for assessment and management. Available evidence suggests psychological therapies may benefit FD patients particularly those with chronic symptoms. The rationale for use of psychotropic medications in FD is apparent but the evidence base to support the use of antidepressant pharmacotherapy is to date limited.
基金This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors.
文摘Objectives:First-year college students had exposure to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that correlate with a high prevalence of anxiety and depression.Regarding to the modifiable lifestyle behaviors factors,this study investigated the prevalence and correlation of multiple lifestyle behaviors,anxiety and depression in a sample of Chinese first-year college students.Methods:Cross-sectional data were extracted from Residents eHealth app of health lifestyle behaviors survey from September to October 2019.Anxiety,depression,eating regular meals,consumption of snacks in-between meals,consumption of fruit,dessert and sugar-sweetened beverages,smoking and secondhand smoke exposure,consuming alcohol,physical activity,sedentary time were assessed by self-report.Socio-demographic including age,gender,education,family income,religion,and health condition were captured.Logistic regression was used to explore the association of multiple lifestyle behaviors,anxiety and depression.Results:Totally 1,017 participants were included in the study.The prevalence of anxiety and depression(from mild to severe) were 40.3% and 45.3%,respectively.In multivariable analyses,religion (believe in Buddhism,OR =2.438,95%CI:1.097-5.421;believe in Christian,OR =5.886,95%CI:1.604-21.597),gender (Female,OR =1.405,95%CI:1.001-1.971),secondhand smoke exposure (OR =1.089,95%CI:1.001-1.184),and eating regular meals (OR =0.513,95%C1:0.346-0.759) were associated with anxiety.Family income (OR =0.732,95%CI:0.596-0.898),eating regular meals (OR =0.641,95%CI:0.415-0.990),frequency of breakfast (OR =0.813,95%CI:0.690-0.959),with a chronic disease (OR =1.902,95%CI:1.335-2.712),and consumption of nocturnal snack (OR =1.337,95%CI:1.108-1.612) were associated with depression.Conclusions:These results highlighted the need for early lifestyle behavior intervention,especially modifying diet patterns considering the background of religion,health condition,and social-economic status in first-year college students to improve their mental health.
文摘The issue of students＇ mental health has become a common concern for the students, parents, universities and even the society. Using literature to analyze the causes and types of students＇ psychological barriers and to explain the impacts of sports on the mental health of students, the writer considers that sports can not only improve the body＇ s healthy state of college students, but also improve their mental health and play a very significant role in treating students＇ mental illness.
