银杏叶提取物用于治疗神经精神疾病临床研究

目的:探讨银杏叶提取物治疗或辅助治疗精神及神经系统疾病的临床疗效。指导临床合理应用。方法:用循证医学的方法,对近几年来国内外相关文献进行分析总结。结果:在用于治疗老年性痴呆、脑血管疾病、抗癫疒间、辅助治疗慢性精神分裂症等方面,均有较好的疗效且能减少不良反应的发生。结论:银杏叶提取物无论是作为治疗药物或是作为辅助用药,其疗效肯定,不良反应少,值得在临床推广应用。

在开展“上海疾控精神”大讨论活动中的主要做法和体会

上海市疾控系统紧密围绕卫生部关于在全国医疗卫生系统开展医疗卫生职业精神大讨论活动的有关要求,结合本市疾控系统工作实际,在全系统范围内认真开展职业精神大讨论,并以此激励行业在此精神的引领下,不断奋进的一些做法和体会。

培育与弘扬疾控职业精神的思考

笔者为了体会培育与弘扬疾控职业精神的重要意义,分析了80、90后疾控人的人文精神缺失的情况,初步理解疾控职业精神的深刻内涵,全面思考以社会主义核心价值观指导,以全心全意为人民服务体现,以爱岗敬业展示,以人文素养提升,以精细化管理强化的疾控职业精神,大力培育与弘扬这种疾控职业精神。

老年人群精神疾病发病前后服药的血脂代谢研究

探讨老年人群精神疾病发病前后服药的血脂代谢情况。方法 选择我院2020年1月1日-2020年9月31日纳入的老年精神疾病患者60例,遵照随机数字表法划分成两组各30例,比较两组治疗发病前后血脂、血糖、体重。结果 在治疗结束后,观察组和对照组的胆固醇为(4.23±0.85 vs 4.42±0.95)、甘油三酯为(1.12±0.62 vs 1.77±1.35) 、血糖为(4.86±1.12 vs 4.71±0.89,)、体重为(63.0±12.4 vs 64.2±13.2)两组体重、血脂、血糖差异明显(P<0.05);治疗后观察组总满意度83.3%高出对照组46.6%(P<0.05);观察组治疗后出现自伤、伤人行为5(16.6%)例;不配合治疗2(6.6%)例、惊恐乱跑3(10%)例、生活不能自理1(3.33%)例、耐受性低6(20%)例、坠床3(10%)例;对照组治疗后发生率分别是13(43.3%)例、15(50%)例、9(30%)例、7(23.3)例、3(10%)例、坠床1(3%)例,观察组患者自控力明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 在老年人群精神疾病发病前进行治疗可以有效的降低血脂加强代谢,提高老年患者的满意程度。

浅谈疾控机构践行社会主义核心价值观

疾控机构培育和践行社会主义核心价值观,根本是涵养疾控精神、凝聚团队力量、推进事业发展。该文从凝炼职业道德、强化疾控精神契合社会主义核心价值观的角度,探讨如何引导职工认知认同和自觉践行社会主义核心价值观。

新兵心理干预的对照研究

目的探讨新兵心理健康水平,研究心理干预的重要性。方法将每年的新兵分成两组,入组前对两组新兵用症状自评量表(SCL-90)测试,当场交卷。要求两组在年龄、文化程度上无明显差异。A组为实验组,B组为对照组。A组采用《新兵心理卫生指南》和《士兵教育心理学》为教材集中授课和训练,系统学习3个月,该组新兵遇有心理应激随时给予心理干预;B组只进行军事训练和必要的文娱活动。新兵连3个月结束后A、B两组再次测评SCL-90,用心理CT系统软件对数据进行处理,统计分析进行χ2检验。结果A组干预后SCL-90总均分比干预前明显降低,P<0.01;B组训练后分数上升,P>0.05;各因子分随之降低或升高,提示心理干预意义显著。结论新兵心理问题不容忽视,积极的心理教育很重要。

Capecitabine treatment patterns in patients with gastroesophageal cancer in the United States

AIM： To assess the use of capecitabine-based therapy and associated complication rates in patients with gastroesophageal cancer （GEC） in a real-world treat- ment setting. METHODS： Patients with claims between 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson Reuters MarketScan databases. Capecitabine regimens were compared with 5-fluorouracU （5-FU） and other chemotherapy regimens, and were stratified by treatment setting. RESULTS： We identified 1013 patients with GEC： approximately half had treatment initiated with a 5-FU regimen, whereas 11% had therapy initiated with a capecitabine regimen. The mean capecitabine dose overall was 2382 ± 1118 mg/d, and capecitabine was used as monotherapy more often than in combination. Overall, 5-FU regimens were the most common treat- ment option in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings, while other non-capecitabine regimens were used more widely in first- and second-line settings. The overall unadjusted complication rate for capecitabine regimens was about half of that seen with 5-FU regimens. In multivariate analyses, capecitabine recipients had a 51% （95% CI： 26%-81%） lower risk of developing any complication than 5-FU recipients did. The risk of developing bone marrow, constitutional, gastrointestinal tract, infectious, or skin complications was lower with capecitabine therapy than with 5-FU.CONCLUSION： Capecitabine appeared to have a favorable side effect profile compared with 5-FU, which indicates that it may be a treatment option for GEC.

Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic digestive system diseases: A multicenter epidemiological study

AIM To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic digestive system diseases.METHODS A total of 1736 patients with chronic digestive systemdiseases were included in this cross-sectional study, including 871 outpatients and 865 in-patients. A selfdesigned General Information for Patients of the Department of Gastroenterology of General Hospitals questionnaire was used to collect each patient's general information, which included demographic data(including age, sex, marital status, and education) and disease characteristics(including major diseases, disease duration, principal symptoms, chronic pain, sleep disorder, and limited daily activities).RESULTS The overall detection rate was 31.11%(540/1736) for depression symptoms alone, 27.02%(469/1736) for anxiety symptoms alone, 20.68%(359/1736) for both depression and anxiety symptoms, and 37.44%(650/1736) for either depression or anxiety symptoms. Subjects aged 70 years or above had the highest detection rate of depression(44.06%) and anxiety symptoms(33.33%). χ2 trend test showed: the higher the body mass index(BMI), the lower the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms(χ2trend = 13.697, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 9.082, P = 0.003); the more severe the limited daily activities, the higher the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms(χ2trend = 130.455, P < 0.001, χ2trend = 108.528, P < 0.001); and the poorer the sleep quality, the higher the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms(χ2trend = 85.759, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 51.969, P < 0.001). Patients with digestive system tumors had the highest detection rate of depression(57.55%) and anxiety(55.19%), followed by patients with liver cirrhosis(41.35% and 48.08%). Depression and anxiety symptoms were also high in subjects with comorbid hypertension and coronary heart disease. CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety occur in patients with tumors, liver cirrhosis, functional dyspepsia, and chronic viral hepatitis. Elderly, divorced/widowed, poor sleep quality, and lower BMI are associated with higher risk of depression and anxiety.

Neurotoxicity and Biomarkers of Lead Exposure: a Review

Appropriate selection and measurement of lead biomarkers of exposure are critically important for health care management purposes,public health decision making,and primary prevention synthesis.Lead is one of the neurotoxicants that seems to be involved in the etiology of psychologies.Biomarkers are generally classified into three groups:biomarkers of exposure,effect,and susceptibility.The main body compartments that store lead are the blood,soft tissues,and bone;the half-life of lead in these tissues is measured in weeks for blood,months for soft tissues,and years for bone.Within the brain,lead-induced damage in the prefrontal cerebral cortex,hippocampus,and cerebellum can lead to a variety of neurological disorders,such as brain damage,mental retardation,behavioral problems,nerve damage,and possibly Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and schizophrenia.This paper presents an overview of biomarkers of lead exposure and discusses the neurotoxic effects of lead with regard to children and adults.

A comparison of the clinical, demographic and psychiatric profiles among patients with erosive and non-erosive reflux disease in a multi-ethnic Asian country

AIM:To examine the clinical spectrum of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and compare erosive (ERD) with non-erosive (NERD) in terms of clinical, demographic and psychiatric profiles. METHODS: Patients with reflux symptoms were enrolled and stratified to NERD and ERD after endoscopy (LA classification). Patients with ERD presenting with dyspepsia were included. Patients on proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or H2 receptor antagonists before endoscopy were excluded. Demographic data, Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) status and presence of minor psychiatric morbidity (based on General Health Questionnaire-28) were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 690 patients screened, 533 were eligible for analysis (male to female ratio: 3:2; Chinese: 75.4%; Malay: 9.8%; Indian: 14.8%). Clinical spectrum of GERD: N: 40.5%; A: 46%; B: 9.2%; C: 2.1%; D: 0.6%; Barrett's esophagus: 1.7%. Compared to patients with NERD, patients with ERD were significantly older (45 vs 39.4 years), more likely to be male (64.4% vs 53.7%), tended to smoke (19.6% vs 9.7%), less likely to have minor psychiatric morbidity (26.4 vs 46.7%) and were more likely to respond to PPI (79.7 vs 66.8%). There was also a trend towards a higher BMI (24.5 vs 23.5). Race, alcohol consumption and H pylori status were not significant. On multivariate analysis, age and presence of minor psychiatric morbidity remained with significant differences. CONCLUSION: The majority of patients who have typical symptoms of GERD have NERD or mild erosive reflux disease. Compared to patients with erosive reflux disease, patients with NERD were younger and had a higher prevalence of minor psychiatric morbidity.

A Family of Origin Scale in Mothers of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder-Preliminary Report

The influence of the family of origin is often described in the aetiology of different psychiatric disorders. The majority of papers concerning the families of autistic children concentrate on the quality of their lives. The aim of our study was to compare the experiences from the family of origin of mothers of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders （ASD） and from mothers of healthy children. In our study a Family of Origin Scale （FOS） was used. This scale consists of l0 constructs： clarity of expression, responsibility, respect for others, openness to others, acceptance of separation/loss, range of feelings, mood and tone, conflict resolution, empathy and trust. It was a pilot study. The examined group consisted of 9 mothers of children with ASD, the control group-7 mothers of healthy children. We found that both groups differed in a statistically significant way as for the construct called responsibility. Our research was a pilot study and it required further investigations.

Media Influence Over the Transformation of Stigma Toward Depression in Japan

in Japan, the number of depression patients has markedly increased over the last 10 years, and depression is now a major social concern. Moreover, there are concerns that patients with depression are not always seeking the treatment they need, in part due to the stigma associated with the illness. Despite of increasing public awareness of depression, the stigma has not lessened, but has changed in form. Previous studies report that depression which was once viewed as a special psychiatric illness is now viewed as a ＂common＂ mental illness. The author, too, believes that the nature of the stigmatization has changed in recent years to become more complex and ultimately continues to present a barrier to treatment for people with depression. This study aims to explore how the stigmatization has changed by examining one specific aspect in society that may have contributed to this change, namely, the media＇s portrayal of depression. The author presents and discusses clear examples of how the Japanese media＇s portrayals of depression have changed, particularly over the last 20 to 30 years, and discusses how media influence could have contributed to the shifts in stigmatization, with reference to labeling theory and growing social isolation.

Pharmaceuticalization and Biomedicalization： An Examination of Problems Relating to Depression in Japan

The growing number of people suffering from depression has become a social problem in Japan. The problems associated with depression in Japan have been influenced by the pharmaceuticalization of mental health. Since selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were introduced to Japan＇s pharmaceutical market in 1999, demand for anti-depressant medications has rapidly expanded. It seems likely then that the efforts of pharmaceutical companies, as part of their marketing strategies, to increase people＇s awareness of mental illness have led people who are not actually depressed to have medical consultations and drug treatments for it. This phenomenon is known as ＂disease mongering＂ and has been reported on. Problems exist from the medical perspective also and include the following： expansion of the diagnostic criteria for depression as formulated in the American Psychiatric Association＇s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; treatments that rely heavily on drugs; and biomedicalization. Another reason for the increase in medical consultations is the declining function of communal bodies. This has resulted in individuals struggling psychologically, for example, with anxiety, worry, and depression. In summary, this sociological research analyzed the problems of depression in ｜apan and revealed how the pharmaceuticalization of mental health accelerates the individualization of social problem.

Simple pain measures reveal psycho-social pathology in patients with Crohn's disease

To determine whether pain has psycho-social associations in adult Crohn’s disease (CD) patients.METHODSPatients completed demographics, disease status, Patient Harvey-Bradshaw Index (P-HBI), Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ), and five socio-psychological questionnaires: Brief Symptom Inventory, Brief COPE Inventory, Family Assessment Device, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire. Pain sub-scales in P-HBI, SF-36 and SIBDQ measures were recoded into 4 identical scores for univariate and multinomial logistic regression analysis of associations with psycho-social variables.RESULTSThe cohort comprised 594 patients, mean age 38.6 ± 14.8 years, women 52.5%, P-HBI 5.76 ± 5.15. P-HBI, SF-36 and SIBDQ broadly agreed in their assessment of pain intensity. More severe pain was significantly associated with female gender, low socio-economic status, unemployment, Israeli birth and smoking. Higher pain scores correlated positively with psychological stress, dysfunctional coping strategies, poor family relationships, absenteeism, presenteeism, productivity loss and activity impairment and all WPAI sub-scores. Patients exhibiting greater satisfaction with life had less pain. The regression showed increasing odds ratios for psychological stress (lowest 2.26, highest 12.17) and female gender (highest 3.19) with increasing pain. Internet-recruited patients were sicker and differed from hardcopy questionnaire patients in their associations with pain.CONCLUSIONPain measures in P-HBI, SF-36 and SIBDQ correlate with psycho-social pathology in CD. Physicians should be aware also of these relationships in approaching CD patients with pain.

The psyche and the gut

Research on gut-brain interactions has increased over the last decade and has brought about a number of new topics beyond ＂classical＂ subjects, such as ＂stress＂ and personality; which have dominated the psychosomatic literature on gastrointestinal disorders over the past century. These novel topics include brain imaging of intestinal functions, placebo responses in gastroenterology, learning of gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life in patients with intestinal complaints, and psychotherapy and familial aggregation of functional intestinal disorders. Currently, these new topics appear with a frequency of 1% to 3% in leading gastroenterological journals, either as data presentation or review papers. Increasing focus underlines the importance of enhandng our understanding on how the psyche and the brain communicate in order to better meet the needs of our patients.

审议残疾人保障法实施办法(修订草案修改稿)

尊重和帮助残疾人、保障好残疾人的合法权益是社会主义精神文明的一项重要内容,市人大常委会对修订好残疾人保障法实施办法高度重视。9月22日下午,市十三届人大常委会第二十七次会议对《北京市实施〈中华人民共和国残疾人保障法〉办法(修订草案修改稿)》进行了分组审议,有8位常委会组成人员和2位列席代表发表了意见。

上海市疾控中心形象的内部管理分析

目的了解上海市疾病预防控制(疾控)中心人员对上海疾控组织形象的认识,为今后提高组织形象内部管理水平,进一步提升疾控组织形象提供参考。方法通过调查问卷的形式对上海市疾控人员进行调查,收集的信息通过计算各指标下的主题词频数并逐条进行内容分析。结果87.5%的疾控人员知悉并认同上海疾控精神,结合新形势建议增加厚积薄发、敢为人先的新精神;疾控人员形象形容词主要有专业和奉献等,并且词汇情感以积极为主。结论结合新形势丰富疾控精神新内容,推选优秀典型,提高疾控人员的获得感,多层次有规划地统筹宣传活动,树立品牌意识,构建更加良好的疾控形象。

Brain expression quantitative trait locus mapping informs genetic studies of psychiatric diseases

Genome-wide association study（GWAS） can be used to identify genes that increase the risk of psychiatric diseases.However,much of the disease heritability is still unexplained,suggesting that there are genes to be discovered.Functional annotation of the genetic variants may increase the power of GWAS to identify disease genes,by providing prior information that can be used in Bayesian analysis or in reducing the number of tests.Expression quantitative trait loci（eQTLs） are genomic loci that regulate gene expression.Genetic mapping of eQTLs can help reveal novel functional effects of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs）.The present review mainly focused on the current knowledge on brain eQTL mapping,and discussed some major methodological issues and their possible solutions.The frequently ignored problems of batch effects,covariates,and multiple testing were emphasized,since they can lead to false positives and false negatives.The future application of eQTL data in GWAS analysis was also discussed.

心理健康的标准

10月10日，是“世界心理健康日”。世界卫生组织设立心理健康日的初衷，旨在宣传精神卫生知识。