多机位编辑在视频公开课节目制作中的应用

视频公开课节目制作要求使用多机位进行拍摄制作,传统多机位制作多是用现场切换进行一次性录制制作,这种制作方式有前期工作量大,后期编辑不方便等缺点,本文结合具体案例,介绍了视频公开课多机位制作的流程,以及苹果公司后期制作软件Final Cut Pro X的多机位编辑技术。

利用基因组编辑实现从DNA分子水平到性状的精准调控

基因组编辑能够精准修改生物体的遗传信息,对生物学和医学领域发展产生了深刻影响。伴随技术的迭代与升级,当前基因组编辑可实现小片段DNA的删除、插入及替换,但尚无法有效满足应用实践中对编辑尺度和精度的需求。可以预见精准基因组编辑将是生物技术发展的热点。从遗传操纵尺度的角度,系统概述与讨论利用基因组编辑实现从DNA分子水平到性状精准调控的主要技术原理、发展现状、未来发展方向等,为利用精准基因组编辑技术实现分子育种和精准医疗提供参考。

提高丝状真菌精准基因编辑效率的策略

基因编辑技术的应用使对丝状真菌进行高效、精准的基因改造成为可能。然而,在实际实验操作过程中,仍然存在很多影响因素,导致同源重组介导的精准基因编辑的效率很低。本文对目前提高丝状真菌精准编辑效率的方法进行了总结,使基因编辑方法更好地应用于丝状真菌的菌种改造。

Development and Therapeutic Applications of Precise Gene Editing Technology

The advent of gene editing represents one of the most transformative breakthroughs in life science,making genome manipulation more accessible than ever before.While traditional CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing,which involves double-strand DNA breaks(DSBs),excels at gene disruption,it is less effective for accurate gene modification.The limitation arises because DSBs are primarily repaired via non-homologous end joining(NHEJ),which tends to introduce indels at the break site.While homology directed repair(HDR)can achieve precise editing when a donor DNA template is provided,the reliance on DSBs often results in unintended genome damage.HDR is restricted to specific cell cycle phases,limiting its application.Currently,gene editing has evolved to unprecedented levels of precision without relying on DSB and HDR.The development of innovative systems,such as base editing,prime editing,and CRISPR-associated transposases(CASTs),now allow for precise editing ranging from single nucleotides to large DNA fragments.Base editors(BEs)enable the direct conversion of one nucleotide to another,and prime editors(PEs)further expand gene editing capabilities by allowing for the insertion,deletion,or alteration of small DNA fragments.The CAST system,a recent innovation,allows for the precise insertion of large DNA fragments at specific genomic locations.In recent years,the optimization of these precise gene editing tools has led to significant improvements in editing efficiency,specificity,and versatility,with advancements such as the creation of base editors for nucleotide transversions,enhanced prime editing systems for more efficient and precise modifications,and refined CAST systems for targeted large DNA insertions,expanding the range of applications for these tools.Concurrently,these advances are complemented by significant improvements in in vivo delivery methods,which have paved the way for therapeutic application of precise gene editing tools.Effective delivery systems are critical for the success of gene therapies,and recent developments in both viral and non-viral vectors have improved the efficiency and safety of gene editing.For instance,adeno-associated viruses(AAVs)are widely used due to their high transfection efficiency and low immunogenicity,though challenges such as limited cargo capacity and potential for immune responses remain.Non-viral delivery systems,including lipid nanoparticles(LNPs),offer an alternative with lower immunogenicity and higher payload capacity,although their transfection efficiency can be lower.The therapeutic potential of these precise gene editing technologies is vast,particularly in treating genetic disorders.Preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of base editing in correcting genetic mutations responsible for diseases such as cardiomyopathy,liver disease,and hereditary hearing loss.These technologies promise to treat symptoms and potentially cure the underlying genetic causes of these conditions.Meanwhile,challenges remain,such as optimizing the safety and specificity of gene editing tools,improving delivery systems,and overcoming off-target effects,all of which are critical for their successful application in clinical settings.In summary,the continuous evolution of precise gene editing technologies,combined with advancements in delivery systems,is driving the field toward new therapeutic applications that can potentially transform the treatment of genetic disorders by targeting their root causes.

CRISPR-Cas9技术介导蔬菜作物遗传改良研究进展

在植物中,CRISPR-Cas基因组编辑技术是一种改变基因功能并改良作物品种的新技术。与传统育种相比,CRISPR-Cas是一种操作简单、低成本、高效精准的技术,并且脱靶风险较低。蔬菜作物富含膳食纤维、维生素和矿物质,对人类健康至关重要。然而,随着气候环境的变化,生物和非生物胁迫对蔬菜的生产构成严重威胁,影响品质和产量。在综述中,概述了CRISPR技术发展史、CRISPR-Cas工具箱的组成、现有Cas蛋白的变体、CRISPR-Cas元件转化到植物中的方法以及基因编辑系统在蔬菜作物遗传改良应用中的具体案例,最后提出了CRISPR-Cas技术在蔬菜育种中的挑战和应用前景。

Computer Controlled High Precise, High Voltage Pules Generator

High precise, high voltage pulse generator made up of high-power IGBT and pulse transformers controlled by a computer are described. A simple main circuit topology employed in this pulse generator can reduce the cost meanwhile it still meets special requirements for pulsed electric fields (PEFs) in food process. The pulse generator utilizes a complex programmable logic device (CPLD) to generate trigger signals. Pulse-frequency, pulse-width and pulse-number are controlled via RS232 bus by a computer. The high voltage pulse generator well suits to the application for fluid food non-thermal effect in pulsed electric fields, for it can increase and decrease by the step length 1.

医学分子生物学CRISPR基因编辑与社会法规的进步与完善

利用CRISPR基因技术体系进行精密编辑,标志着人类攻克遗传疾病在理论上已进入新阶段,临床应用已有了实质性的突破,对促进人类健康和社会的和谐具有重大意义。本文对该技术在临床的应用、社会影响、西方国家对该技术社会伦理道德的界定和法律法规的发展,以及CRISPR精密编辑技术对科研与社会伦理道德范畴的精细化进行了探讨。CRISPR在生殖生物学领域的应用,将导致生物医学领域发生社会发展的重大变革。CRISPR精准基因编辑和干细胞技术的巨大科研前景和商业价值,可能会带来一系列的问题。CRISPR基因精密编辑在生物医学中的应用对社会、对各级医疗机构、医学院校和研究机构均有重要的影响,卫生主管部门应借鉴国际上相关做法,制定科学研究伦理道德的相关政策法规,使中国在医学分子生物学领域作出应有的贡献。

医学分子生物学CRISPR基因编辑与疾病医疗的社会变革

利用CRISPR(规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列)技术体系进行基因精密编辑,从基因分子医学层面对疾病进行高效治疗已成为现代医学研究的重要方向,并在临床应用上将有重要的突破。本文论述其近期临床医学研究对社会的相关影响,对CRISPR基因精密编辑的知识产权归属问题进行了分析。以哈佛大学“精准基因修饰干细胞计划”为题探讨了该技术体系在人类遗传性疾病治疗中的应用,在器官移植上的成功将对社会产生重要的影响。CRISPR技术上的正负向高通量筛选,成功地捕获到黑素瘤的药物维罗非尼耐受敏感的关键基因,为解决这一问题打下了重要的基础。CRISPR基因精密编辑的应用已成为生物医学发展的趋势,分析其对人类健康的影响,有助于掌控这一历史性变革技术,为人类社会发展做出重要贡献。