基于模糊综合评判法的穇子糊的工艺研究

即食糊类产品关键在于其在水中的分散性以及粘度,本研究以穇子为主要研究对象,通过制作穇子糊为此类淀粉类作物的糊类产品提供参考。通过预试验、单因素试验以及L9(33)的正交试验,基于模糊综合评判法对穇子粉、麦芽糊精、单硬脂酸甘油酯、糖等进行穇子糊的配方及工艺组合研究。穇子糊的最佳工艺及配方为:糯米粉30 g,穇子粉12 g,糖10 g,黑米10 g,麦芽糊精质量分数10%,单硬脂酸甘油酯质量分数0.5%。所得产品色泽均匀、口感润滑、香甜可口、冲泡性良好。

(λ,μ)-模糊商环及其同构定理

在(λ,μ)-模糊子环与(λ,μ)-模糊理想概念的基础上,讨论了(λ,μ)-模糊商环与(λ,μ)-商模糊子环的若干性质,最后建立了(λ,μ)-模糊商环的同构定理.

新疆话“糊里麻唐”(Xulimataη)等词语变异考

经过各民族长时间交流、交往,新疆话口语中存在一些洋泾浜语词语。分析和考证这些词语的来源和变异,对学习双语的人来讲无疑具有重要意义。文章作者根据多年学习、工作和生活经验,列举分析新疆话里的"糊里麻唐"(Xulirntaη)、"洋缸子"(jaηgaηzi)和"巴郎子"(balaηzi)、"将将巴吗"(d■iangd■iang bama)、"子"泛化等变异现象,并表明了自己的态度。

Implicative and Fuzzy Implicative Ideals of Lattice Implication Algebras

In this paper, we defined the concept of implicative and fuzzy implicative ideals of lattice implication algebras, and discussed the properties of them. And then, we pointed out the relations between implicative ideal and LI _ideal, implicative iedal and implicative filter, implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative ideal, fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative filter, and fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy LI _ideal.

Three methods for generating monotonic OWA operator weights with given orness level

Based on the properties of ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator and regular increasing monotone (RIM) quantifier, three methods for generating monotonic OWA operator weights are proposed. They are geometric OWA operator weights, equidifferent OWA operator weights and the modified RIM quantifier OWA weights. Compared with most of the common OWA methods for generating weights, the methods proposed in this paper are more intuitive and efficient in computation. And as there are more than one solution in most cases, the decision maker can set some initial condition and chooses the appropriate solution in the real decision process, which increases the flexibility of decision making to some extent. All these three OWA methods for generating weights are illustrated by numerical examples.

Investigation on Non-covalent Complexes of Cyclodextrins with Li＋ in Gas Phase by Mass Spectrometry

To investigate the non-covalent interaction between cyclodextrins （CD） and lithium ion, a stoichiometry of α-CD, β-CD, heptakis（2,6-di-O-methyl）-β-CD （DM-β-CD）, or heptakis（2,3,6-tri-O-methyl）-β-CD （TM-β-CD） was mixed with lithium salt, respectively, and then incubated at room temperature for 10 min to reach the equilibrium. In posi- tive mode, the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry （ESI-MS） results demonstrated that lithium ion can conjugate to α-, β-, DM-β- or TM-β-CD and form 1：1 stoichiometric non-covalent complexes. The binding of the complexes was further confirmed by collision- induced dissociation. The dissociation constants Kdl of four complexes （Li＋α-CD, Li＋β- CD, Li＋DM-β-CD, and Li＋TM-β-CD） were determined by mass spectrometric titration. The results showed Kdl were 18.7, 26.7, 33.6, 30.5 μmol/L for the complexes of Li＋ with α-CD, β-CD, DM-β-CD, and TM-β-CD, respectively. Kdl for the Li＋ complexes of/3-CD is smaller than that of DM-β-CD due to its steric effect of the partial substituted -CH3. The Kdl for the Li＋ complexes of DM-β-CD is nearly in agreement with that of TM-β-CD, indicating Li＋ is more likely to locate in the small rim of DM-β-CD＇s hydrophobic cavity. The DFT results showed through electrostatic interaction, one Li＋ can strongly conjugate to four neighboring oxygen atoms. For the （α-CD＋Li）＋ complex, one Li＋ may also situate the small rim of α-CD＇s hydrophobic cavity to form a non-specific host-guest complex.

悠悠煎饼情

不知是饮食习惯还是感情上的原因,一天三餐总想吃上一张山东煎饼.现时的煎饼,有小麦做的,也有玉米做的,有机器烙的,还有手工烙的,不管是啥样的,都比不上母亲亲手烙的地瓜煎饼.

Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Control of Dynamic System

Aim To build an adaptive fuzzy neural controller and simulate it. Methods\ Fuzzy logic and back propagation(BP) algorithm are combined to utilize their advantages while avoiding the disadvantages. Results and Conclusion\ Simulation results of the third order plant with disturbances and dead times show the validity of the presented controller. The presented controller can control cases that preceding controllers were unable to control.

Method based on fuzzy linguistic scale and FIOWGA operator for decision-making problems

In this paper, we present a fuzzy linguistic scale, which is characterized by triangular fuzzy numbers on [1/9, 9], for the comparison between two alternatives, and introduce a possibility degree formula for comparing triangular fuzzy numbers. We utilize the fuzzy linguistic scale to construct a linguistic preference matrix, and propose a fuzzy induced ordered weighted geometric averaging (FIOWGA) operator to aggregate linguistic preference information. A method based on the fuzzy linguistic scale and FIOWGA operator for decision-making problems is presented. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the developed method and to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness.

Spectral Differences of the Molecule-ion Adducts of β-Cyclodextrin and Lithium Carbonate

A small shielding effect on the hydrogen atoms of chiral carbons of β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） was detected by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, but a large environmental change of the chiral carbon atoms at high concentration ratios of lithium carbonate （Li2CO3） to β-CD was observed by polarimetry in aqueous solution. These findings urged us to investigate whether different formation conditions of the molecule-ion system between Li2CO3 and β-CD in solid state were involved in different spectral performances. To answer the question, we prepared three adducts of Li2CO3 to β-CD, i.e., samples 1, 2, and 3, by magnetic stirring, solvothermal and grinding conditions, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy provided the information of formation of the three molecule-ion adducts. Besides, scanning electron microscope images provided different surface information of the three adducts. Further, significant spectral differences in thermal behavior of these adducts were found by thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry.

The Pointwise Characterizations of Fuzzy Ideals and Fuzzy Prime Ideals

In this paper, the auther programs and discusses the fuzzy subrings, fuzzy ideals generated by fuzzy points.

Development of single-chip fuzzy controller based on FFSI in binary

Length and concise structure of fuzzy logic reasoning program and its real-time reasoning characteris-tic have their effect on the performance of a digital single-chip fuzzy controller. The control effect of a digitalfuzzy controller based on looking up fuzzy control responding table is only relative to the table and not relative tothe fuzzy control rules in the practical control process. Aiming at above problem and having combined fuzzy log-ic reasoning with digital operational characteristics of a single-chip microcomputer, functioning-fuzzy-subset in-ference (FFSI) in binary, in which triangle membership functions of error and error-in-change are all represen-ted in binary and singleton membership functions of control variable is binary too, has been introduced. The cir-cuit principle plans of a single-chip fuzzy controller have been introduced for development of its hardware, andthe primary program structure, fuzzy logic reasoning subroutine, serial communication subroutine with PC andreliability design of the fuzzy controller are all discussed in detail. The control of indoor temperature by a fuzzycontroller has been conducted using a testing-room thermodynamic system. Research results show that the FFSIin binary can exercise a concise fuzzy control in a single-chip fuzzy controller, and the fuzzy controller is there-fore reliable and possesses a high performance-price ratio.

~ Transform Demonstration of Dark Soliton Solutions Found by Inverse Scattering

One of the basic problems about the inverse scattering transform for solving a completely integrable nonlinear evolutions equation is to demonstrate that the Jost solutions obtained from the inverse scattering equations of Cauchy integral satisfy the Lax equations. Such a basic problem still exists in the procedure of deriving the dark soliton solutions of the NLS equation in normal dispersion with non-vanishing boundary conditions through the inverse scattering transform. In this paper, a pair of Jost solutions with same analytic properties are composed to be a 2 × 2 matrix and then another pair are introduced to be its right inverse confirmed by the Liouville theorem. As they are both 2 × 2 matrices, the right inverse should be the left inverse too, based upon which it is not difficult to show that these Jost solutions satisfy both the first and second Lax equations. As a result of compatibility condition, the dark soliton solutions definitely satisfy the NLS equation in normal dispersion with non-vanishing boundary conditions.

A method combining refined composite multiscale fuzzy entropy with PSO-SVM for roller bearing fault diagnosis

Combining refined composite multiscale fuzzy entropy(RCMFE)and support vector machine(SVM)with particle swarm optimization(PSO)for diagnosing roller bearing faults is proposed in this paper.Compared with refined composite multiscale sample entropy(RCMSE)and multiscale fuzzy entropy(MFE),the smoothness of RCMFE is superior to that of those models.The corresponding comparison of smoothness and analysis of validity through decomposition accuracy are considered in the numerical experiments by considering the white and 1/f noise signals.Then RCMFE,RCMSE and MFE are developed to affect extraction by using different roller bearing vibration signals.Then the extracted RCMFE,RCMSE and MFE eigenvectors are regarded as the input of the PSO-SVM to diagnose the roller bearing fault.Finally,the results show that the smoothness of RCMFE is superior to that of RCMSE and MFE.Meanwhile,the fault classification accuracy is higher than that of RCMSE and MFE.

Covalent Assembly of Penicillin Acylase in Mesoporous Silica Based on Macromolecular Crowding Theory

To improve the covalent immobilization of penicillin acylase （PA）, macromolecular crowding theory was applied to its immobilization. Influence of mass ratio of enzyme to the silica, as well as, activation time with glutaraldehyde on the activity of assembled PA, was studied. In the mesopores, the effect of fl-cyclodextrin （β-CD） on the immobilization of the enzyme was also investigated. It was remarkable that the coupled yield and relative activity reached 99.5% and 92.3%, respectively, when penicillin acylase assembled covalently in the mesopores. The results here indicate that mimicked macromolecule crowding could significantly ameliorate the performance of covalently immobilized PA.

Improvement of Fuzzy Inference Mechanism in FuzzyJ Toolkit

By applying the aggregation operator γ-operator and introducing a new method for global data contribution, the problems of information loss and the decrease of running efficiency in FuzzyJ Toolkit, an expert system shell, can be effectively solved. The example shows that the approach can overcome imprecision of max-operator and min-operator used during the process of fuzzy reasoning. Therefore, the information accuracy and the system performance can be effectively improved, which promotes the usability of FuzzyJ Toolkit.

Multimode Process Monitoring Based on Fuzzy C-means in Locality Preserving Projection Subspace

For complex industrial processes with multiple operational conditions, it is important to develop effective monitoring algorithms to ensure the safety of production processes. This paper proposes a novel monitoring strategy based on fuzzy C-means. The high dimensional historical data are transferred to a low dimensional subspace spanned by locality preserving projection. Then the scores in the novel subspace are classified into several overlapped clusters, each representing an operational mode. The distance statistics of each cluster are integrated though the membership values into a novel BID (Bayesian inference distance) monitoring index. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated though the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process.

Ultrasound assisted multicomponent reactions:A green method for the synthesis of N-substituted 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridines usingβ-cyclodextrin as a supramolecular reusable catalyst in water

We demonstrate a superficial method for the synthesis of N-substituted 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridines using β-cyclodextrin as a supramolecular,biodegradable,and reusable catalyst in aqueous medium.The reaction product is in excellent yield with moderate to excellent selectivity.The mechanistic transformation presumably proceeds via a one-pot,multicomponent cyclization of dimedone in the presence of aromatic aldehydes and aromatic amines/INH,undergoing a tandem Michael addition reaction.The proposed approach in this study provides a highly efficient and environmentally benign route to N-substituted 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridines.

A NEW UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM FOR POLARIMETRIC SAR IMAGES BASED ON FUZZY SET THEORY

In this letter, a new method is proposed for unsupervised classification of terrain types and man-made objects using POLarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (POLSAR) data. This technique is a combi-nation of the usage of polarimetric information of SAR images and the unsupervised classification method based on fuzzy set theory. Image quantization and image enhancement are used to preprocess the POLSAR data. Then the polarimetric information and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm are used to classify the preprocessed images. The advantages of this algorithm are the automated classification, its high classifica-tion accuracy, fast convergence and high stability. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by ex-periments using SIR-C/X-SAR (Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) data.