(λ,μ)-模糊商环及其同构定理

在(λ,μ)-模糊子环与(λ,μ)-模糊理想概念的基础上,讨论了(λ,μ)-模糊商环与(λ,μ)-商模糊子环的若干性质,最后建立了(λ,μ)-模糊商环的同构定理.

Investigation on Non-covalent Complexes of Cyclodextrins with Li＋ in Gas Phase by Mass Spectrometry

To investigate the non-covalent interaction between cyclodextrins （CD） and lithium ion, a stoichiometry of α-CD, β-CD, heptakis（2,6-di-O-methyl）-β-CD （DM-β-CD）, or heptakis（2,3,6-tri-O-methyl）-β-CD （TM-β-CD） was mixed with lithium salt, respectively, and then incubated at room temperature for 10 min to reach the equilibrium. In posi- tive mode, the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry （ESI-MS） results demonstrated that lithium ion can conjugate to α-, β-, DM-β- or TM-β-CD and form 1：1 stoichiometric non-covalent complexes. The binding of the complexes was further confirmed by collision- induced dissociation. The dissociation constants Kdl of four complexes （Li＋α-CD, Li＋β- CD, Li＋DM-β-CD, and Li＋TM-β-CD） were determined by mass spectrometric titration. The results showed Kdl were 18.7, 26.7, 33.6, 30.5 μmol/L for the complexes of Li＋ with α-CD, β-CD, DM-β-CD, and TM-β-CD, respectively. Kdl for the Li＋ complexes of/3-CD is smaller than that of DM-β-CD due to its steric effect of the partial substituted -CH3. The Kdl for the Li＋ complexes of DM-β-CD is nearly in agreement with that of TM-β-CD, indicating Li＋ is more likely to locate in the small rim of DM-β-CD＇s hydrophobic cavity. The DFT results showed through electrostatic interaction, one Li＋ can strongly conjugate to four neighboring oxygen atoms. For the （α-CD＋Li）＋ complex, one Li＋ may also situate the small rim of α-CD＇s hydrophobic cavity to form a non-specific host-guest complex.

The Pointwise Characterizations of Fuzzy Ideals and Fuzzy Prime Ideals

In this paper, the auther programs and discusses the fuzzy subrings, fuzzy ideals generated by fuzzy points.

Spectral Differences of the Molecule-ion Adducts of β-Cyclodextrin and Lithium Carbonate

A small shielding effect on the hydrogen atoms of chiral carbons of β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） was detected by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, but a large environmental change of the chiral carbon atoms at high concentration ratios of lithium carbonate （Li2CO3） to β-CD was observed by polarimetry in aqueous solution. These findings urged us to investigate whether different formation conditions of the molecule-ion system between Li2CO3 and β-CD in solid state were involved in different spectral performances. To answer the question, we prepared three adducts of Li2CO3 to β-CD, i.e., samples 1, 2, and 3, by magnetic stirring, solvothermal and grinding conditions, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy provided the information of formation of the three molecule-ion adducts. Besides, scanning electron microscope images provided different surface information of the three adducts. Further, significant spectral differences in thermal behavior of these adducts were found by thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry.

Covalent Assembly of Penicillin Acylase in Mesoporous Silica Based on Macromolecular Crowding Theory

To improve the covalent immobilization of penicillin acylase （PA）, macromolecular crowding theory was applied to its immobilization. Influence of mass ratio of enzyme to the silica, as well as, activation time with glutaraldehyde on the activity of assembled PA, was studied. In the mesopores, the effect of fl-cyclodextrin （β-CD） on the immobilization of the enzyme was also investigated. It was remarkable that the coupled yield and relative activity reached 99.5% and 92.3%, respectively, when penicillin acylase assembled covalently in the mesopores. The results here indicate that mimicked macromolecule crowding could significantly ameliorate the performance of covalently immobilized PA.

Ultrasound assisted multicomponent reactions:A green method for the synthesis of N-substituted 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridines usingβ-cyclodextrin as a supramolecular reusable catalyst in water

We demonstrate a superficial method for the synthesis of N-substituted 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridines using β-cyclodextrin as a supramolecular,biodegradable,and reusable catalyst in aqueous medium.The reaction product is in excellent yield with moderate to excellent selectivity.The mechanistic transformation presumably proceeds via a one-pot,multicomponent cyclization of dimedone in the presence of aromatic aldehydes and aromatic amines/INH,undergoing a tandem Michael addition reaction.The proposed approach in this study provides a highly efficient and environmentally benign route to N-substituted 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridines.

Photoinduced Electron Transfer Between Mono-6-p-nitrobenzoyl-β- cyclodextrin and Adamantanamine-Cn-Co/Ni-porphyrins

Two series monot ailed porphyrins, Cobalt-5- {4- [ω- （1-adamant aneamino） alkyloxy] phenyl }- 10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrinate （CoPCnA, n=4,5,6） and Nickel-5-{4-[ω-（1-adamantaneamino）alkyloxy]phenyl}-10,15.20- triphenyl porphyrinate （NiPCnA, n=4,5,6）, were synthesized, in which the porphyrin moiety was connected to l-adamantanamine via a flexible hydrocarbon chain. The fluorescence quenching between these donor substrates and mono-6-p-nitrobenzoyl-β-cyclodextrin （NBCD） was studied in detail. Distinct fluorescence quenching occured in these supramolecular systems. This quenching was attributed to the photoinduced electron transfer （PET） inside the supramolecular assembly between the porphyrin donors and cyclodextrin acceptors. Detailed Stern-Volmer constants were measured and they were partitioned into dynamic Stern- Volmer quenching constants and static binding constants. It was demonstrated that the PET interaction between the porphyrin subunits and NBCD is indeed effective.

Index system for assessing ecological stability of circular economy industrial chain of electronic industry and its empirical study

With the development of science and technology and the rapid growth of productive forees new and high technology industries have. For example, computer, mobile phone, etc. are increasingly popular, especially hi-tech products updating more and more quickly, which has initiated some problems： resources depletion, environmental pollution, ecosystems damage, etc. While people are enjoying convenient and comfortable life from hi-tech, they are worrying about quantities of e-wastes discharged.In order to reduce the amount and harm of e-wastes, this paper starts from the connotation of the ecological stability of circular economy electronics industry chain （CEEIC, for shorO, uses the food chain principle for reference to describe the links and connection of the electronics industry chain, and selects factors from the three link： production, consumption and recycle to construct indexes system based on their characteristics, with which a scientific evaluation is carried on for CEEIC by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.

Prediction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Bioaccessibility to Earthworms in Spiked Soils by Composite Extraction with Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin and Organic Acids

Traditional exhaustive extraction methods often overestimate the risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) bioaccessibility to biota. Therefore, reliable assessment methods need to be established. In this study, a composite extraction with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HPCD) and three low-molecular-weight organic acids, oxalic acid(OA), malic acid(MA), and citric acid(CA), was used to predict the PAH bioaccessibility to earthworms, subjecting to two soils(red soil and yellow soil) spiked with selected PAHs,phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, and benzo(a)pyrene. For both soils,concentrations of PAHs by composite extraction using HPCD-OA(R^2= 0.89–0.92, slope = 1.89–2.03; n = 35), HPCD-MA(R^2=0.92–0.96, slope = 1.43–1.67; n = 35), and HPCD-CA(R^2= 0.92–0.96, slope = 1.26–1.56; n = 35) were significantly correlated with PAH accumulation in the Eisenia fetida earthworms. Moreover, the HPCD-CA-and HPCD-MA-extracted PAH concentrations were closer to the earthworm-accumulated PAH concentration than the extraction using just HPCD. The results indicated that the composite extraction could improve the prediction of PAH bioaccessibility, and therefore can serve as a reliable chemical method to predict PAH bioaccessibility to earthworms in contaminated soils.

Controllable self-assemblies of β-cyclodextrin-calix[4]arene couples

Arnphiphilic cyclodextrin-calixarene conjugates 1 and 2 were synthesized from "click claemxstry, and tnelr sen-asscmuly uchaviors were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The results obtained show that 1 and 2 can self-assemble to form distinctly different aggregations, and the morphology of aggregations critically relies on the polarity and hydrophilicity of the solvent.

Polyrotaxane-based triblock copolymers synthesized via ATRP of N-isopropylacrylamide initiated from the terminals of polypseudorotaxane of Br end-capped pluronic 17R4 and β-cyclodextrins

Thermo-responsive polyrotaxane （PR）-based triblock copolymers were synthesized via the atom transfer radical polymeriza- tion （ATRP） of N-isopropylacrylamide initiated with self-assemblies made from a distal 2-bromoisobutyryl end-capped Plu- ronic 17R4 （PPOI4-PEG24-PPOI4） with a varying amount of β-cyclodextrins （β-CDs） in the presence of Cu（I）C1/PMDETA at 25 ~C in aqueous solution. The molecular structure was characterized by means of ~H NMR, FTIR, WXRD, GPC, TGA and DSC analyses. About half of [3-CDs are still entrapped on the Pluronic 17R4 chain while the number of incorporated NIPAAm monomers is nearly a double feed value in the resulting copolymers. The aggregate morphologies in aqueous solution were evidenced by TEM observations. A two-step thermo-responsive transition arising from a combination of a polypseudorotaxane middle block with poly（N-isopropylacrylamide） flanking blocks was also demonstrated by turbidity measurements. Given their thermo-responsive behavior in aqueous solution, these PR-based triblock copolymers show the potential to be used as smart materials for the controlled drug delivery systems, biosensors, and the like.