Type 2 diabetes （T2D） is common in the elderly and more than half of the people with diabetes are over 65 years old. Elderly diabetic patients have a higher frequency of hypertension, coronary artery disease and chr...Type 2 diabetes （T2D） is common in the elderly and more than half of the people with diabetes are over 65 years old. Elderly diabetic patients have a higher frequency of hypertension, coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease than non-diabetic elderly patients and the risk of these complications increases with patient age, duration of the dia- betes and glycated hemoglobin values. Besides the known classical factors of renal disease progression,展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is categorized as a major metabolic disease. Hyperglycemia is the populest mediator. The oxygen radicals＇ production or the peroxide production in the mitochondria is preceded as a possible mechanis...Diabetes mellitus is categorized as a major metabolic disease. Hyperglycemia is the populest mediator. The oxygen radicals＇ production or the peroxide production in the mitochondria is preceded as a possible mechanism. TGF-beta is characterized as the main protagonist. TGF-b is a molecular mediator with adherent and hypertrophic properties in diabetic nephropathy. 20 Balb/c male and female mice were used. They were separated in two age groups, one of 4 weeks old （childhood, n= 10） and one of 6 weeks old （puberty, n=10）. An immunochemical study for TGF-beta was undertaken. The basal petal of the external membrane of Bowmen is thickened. In significant percentage the basal membrane was thickened and the peduncles merge together. Mature sperm cells were not normal. The two age groups did not present significant differences in morphology of the exocrine pancreatic cells. The augmented levels of TGF-beta expression promote the increased proliferation of the pancreatic glandular cells, the derangement of differentiation and the apoptosis rhythm. The renal function is diminished sooner than the clinical manifestations. The testicles are less influenced concerning principally the spermiogenesis.展开更多
Nephrin is a key molecule in podocytes to maintain normal slit diaphragm structure. Nephin interacts with many other podo- cyte and slit diaphragm protein and also mediates important cell signaling pathways in podocyt...Nephrin is a key molecule in podocytes to maintain normal slit diaphragm structure. Nephin interacts with many other podo- cyte and slit diaphragm protein and also mediates important cell signaling pathways in podocytes. Loss of nephrin during the development leads to the congenital nephrotic syndrome in children. Reduction of nephrin expression is often observed in adult kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy and HIV-associated nephropathy. The critical role of nephrin has been confirmed by different animal models with nepbrin knockout and knockdown. Recent studies demonstrate that knockdown of nephrin expression in adult mice aggravates the progression of＇ unilateral nephrectomy and Adriamycin-induced kidney disease In addition to its critical role in maintaining normal glomerular filtration unit in the kidney, nephrin is also expressed in other organs. However, the exact role of nephrin in kidney and extra-renal organs has not been well characterized. Future studies are required to determine whether nephrin could be developed as a drug target to treat patients with kidney disease.展开更多
文摘Type 2 diabetes （T2D） is common in the elderly and more than half of the people with diabetes are over 65 years old. Elderly diabetic patients have a higher frequency of hypertension, coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease than non-diabetic elderly patients and the risk of these complications increases with patient age, duration of the dia- betes and glycated hemoglobin values. Besides the known classical factors of renal disease progression,
文摘Diabetes mellitus is categorized as a major metabolic disease. Hyperglycemia is the populest mediator. The oxygen radicals＇ production or the peroxide production in the mitochondria is preceded as a possible mechanism. TGF-beta is characterized as the main protagonist. TGF-b is a molecular mediator with adherent and hypertrophic properties in diabetic nephropathy. 20 Balb/c male and female mice were used. They were separated in two age groups, one of 4 weeks old （childhood, n= 10） and one of 6 weeks old （puberty, n=10）. An immunochemical study for TGF-beta was undertaken. The basal petal of the external membrane of Bowmen is thickened. In significant percentage the basal membrane was thickened and the peduncles merge together. Mature sperm cells were not normal. The two age groups did not present significant differences in morphology of the exocrine pancreatic cells. The augmented levels of TGF-beta expression promote the increased proliferation of the pancreatic glandular cells, the derangement of differentiation and the apoptosis rhythm. The renal function is diminished sooner than the clinical manifestations. The testicles are less influenced concerning principally the spermiogenesis.
文摘Nephrin is a key molecule in podocytes to maintain normal slit diaphragm structure. Nephin interacts with many other podo- cyte and slit diaphragm protein and also mediates important cell signaling pathways in podocytes. Loss of nephrin during the development leads to the congenital nephrotic syndrome in children. Reduction of nephrin expression is often observed in adult kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy and HIV-associated nephropathy. The critical role of nephrin has been confirmed by different animal models with nepbrin knockout and knockdown. Recent studies demonstrate that knockdown of nephrin expression in adult mice aggravates the progression of＇ unilateral nephrectomy and Adriamycin-induced kidney disease In addition to its critical role in maintaining normal glomerular filtration unit in the kidney, nephrin is also expressed in other organs. However, the exact role of nephrin in kidney and extra-renal organs has not been well characterized. Future studies are required to determine whether nephrin could be developed as a drug target to treat patients with kidney disease.
