Glucagon-like peptide- 1 （GLP- 1） has been endorsed as a promising and attractive agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Both Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and T2DM share some common pathophysiol...Glucagon-like peptide- 1 （GLP- 1） has been endorsed as a promising and attractive agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Both Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and T2DM share some common pathophysiologic hallmarks, such as amyloid β （Aβ）, phosphoralation of tau protein, and glycogen synthase kinase-3. GLP-1 possesses neurotropic properties and can reduce amyloid protein levels in the brain. Based on extensive studies during the past decades, the understanding on AD leads us to believe that the primary targets in AD are the Aβ and tau protein. Combine these findings, GLP- 1 is probably a promising agent in the therapy of AD. This review was focused on the biochemistry and physiology of GLP- 1, communities between T2DM and AD, new progresses of GLP - 1 in treating T2MD and improving some pathologic hanmarks of AD.展开更多
There have been some breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal achalasia in the past few years.First,the introduction of high-resolution manometry with pressure topography plotting as a new diagnostic...There have been some breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal achalasia in the past few years.First,the introduction of high-resolution manometry with pressure topography plotting as a new diagnostic tool has made it possible to classify achalasia into three subtypes.The most favorable outcome is predicted for patients receiving treatment for type Ⅱ achalasia (achalasia with compression).Patients with typeⅠ(classic achalasia) and type Ⅲ achalasia (spastic achalasia) experience a less favorable outcome.Second,the first multicenter randomized controlled trial published by the European Achalasia Trial group reported 2-year follow-up results indicating that laparoscopic Heller myotomy was not superior to endoscopic pneumatic dilation (PD).Although the follow-up period was not long enough to reach a convincing conclusion,it merits the continued use of PD as a generally available technique in gastroenterology.Third,the novelendoscopic technique peroral endoscopic myotomy is a promising option for treating achalasia,but it requires increased experience and cautious evaluation.Despite all this good news,the bottom line is a real break-through from the basic studies to identify the actual cause of achalasia that may impede treatment success is still anticipated.展开更多
文摘Glucagon-like peptide- 1 （GLP- 1） has been endorsed as a promising and attractive agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Both Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and T2DM share some common pathophysiologic hallmarks, such as amyloid β （Aβ）, phosphoralation of tau protein, and glycogen synthase kinase-3. GLP-1 possesses neurotropic properties and can reduce amyloid protein levels in the brain. Based on extensive studies during the past decades, the understanding on AD leads us to believe that the primary targets in AD are the Aβ and tau protein. Combine these findings, GLP- 1 is probably a promising agent in the therapy of AD. This review was focused on the biochemistry and physiology of GLP- 1, communities between T2DM and AD, new progresses of GLP - 1 in treating T2MD and improving some pathologic hanmarks of AD.
文摘There have been some breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal achalasia in the past few years.First,the introduction of high-resolution manometry with pressure topography plotting as a new diagnostic tool has made it possible to classify achalasia into three subtypes.The most favorable outcome is predicted for patients receiving treatment for type Ⅱ achalasia (achalasia with compression).Patients with typeⅠ(classic achalasia) and type Ⅲ achalasia (spastic achalasia) experience a less favorable outcome.Second,the first multicenter randomized controlled trial published by the European Achalasia Trial group reported 2-year follow-up results indicating that laparoscopic Heller myotomy was not superior to endoscopic pneumatic dilation (PD).Although the follow-up period was not long enough to reach a convincing conclusion,it merits the continued use of PD as a generally available technique in gastroenterology.Third,the novelendoscopic technique peroral endoscopic myotomy is a promising option for treating achalasia,but it requires increased experience and cautious evaluation.Despite all this good news,the bottom line is a real break-through from the basic studies to identify the actual cause of achalasia that may impede treatment success is still anticipated.
