花生种子耐脱水力的形成与可溶性糖累积的关系

花生胚轴的耐脱水力在40－65DAP的发育后期逐渐增加，同时胚轴还原性糖／非还原性糖比值下降。缓慢干燥可同时诱导35DAP胚轴累积蔗糖与寡糖（水苏糖与棉籽糖）；外源ABA及高渗处理可诱导35DAP离体胚轴累积蔗糖，但不能累积寡糖（水苏糖）。耐脱水胚轴可溶性糖成分的模拟混合物可在水活度0．32及零上温度进入玻璃态；而不耐脱水胚轴的可溶性糖模拟混合物仅在零下温度进入玻璃态。模拟实验证明在干燥状态下可溶性糖与花生2S蛋白结合，并消除了2S蛋白的干燥结晶。

以呼吸障碍为突出表现的Ⅱ型糖元累积病21例分析

目的探讨以呼吸障碍为突出表现的Ⅱ型糖元累积病的临床和病理学特点。方法对2例以呼吸障碍为突出表现的Ⅱ型糖元累积病的病例进行了临床及病理学观察。结果2例病例均在病程的早期即发生呼吸衰竭,例1出现四肢近端肌无力,而例2四肢远、近端肌肉均无力。治疗效果较差,长期不能脱离呼吸机的支持。肌酶谱轻、中度升高,肌电图提示运动单位电位时程缩短、波幅降低,部分被检肌肉可见纤颤电位和复杂重复放电活动。肌肉病理学改变为空泡性肌病,PAS染色显示肌纤维普遍深染,部分肌纤维内有小颗粒或块状深染物质,可被唾液淀粉酶完全消化。酸性磷酸酶染色可见空泡样改变的肌纤维明显深染。电镜显示肌细胞的溶酶体内和胞浆内糖原聚集。结论青少年患者出现四肢肌无力,早期发生的呼吸衰竭,而且长期不能脱离呼吸机,应该考虑Ⅱ型糖元累积病的可能,肌肉活检病理学分析是诊断的关键所在。

糖原累积病Ⅰ型研究的新进展

目的：综述糖原累积病Ⅰ型（ＧＳＤＩ型）近年的研究现状。方法：对国外及国内近年有关ＧＳＤＩ型研究的资料文献进行综合分析。结果：发现ＧＳＤＩ型的亚类，可用基因方法诊断该病，提出临床表现及治疗方法。结论：这些研究对临床诊断有指导意义。

Fruit Photosynthesis and Assimilate Translocation and Partitioning: Their Characteristics and Role in Sugar Accumulation in Developing Citrus unshiu Fruit

Dynamics of dry- or fresh-weight of fruit, peel photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, and the characteristics of translocation and distribution of radiolabelled assimilates from leaf or fruit were examined in developing satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa wase) fruit from primary stage of fruit enlargement up to fruit full ripe. Change in fruit photosynthetic rate was some what related to the change in the chlorophyll content of peel. Fruit photosynthetic rate markedly declined as chlorophyll degradation occurred in the peel. Before full ripe stage of the fruit, photosynthates produced by a 14C-fed leaf were mainly distributed to juice sacs even during periods when dry matter accumulation in peel was more rapid than that in juice sacs. At the full ripe stage, peel photosynthetic rate approached zero and peel became the major sink of leaf photosynthates. Most of the peel assimilates, however, remained in situ for up to 48 h after feeding 14CO 2 to the fruit, only a small portion being transported to other parts of fruit. The percentage of fruit photosynthates exported decreased with fruit development and ripening, but the peak rate of export to juice sacs amount to as high as 12%. The sugar content and dry weights of peel and juice sacs in shaded fruit were lower than that in the control fruit. These results show that peel assimilate was mainly consumed in peel respiration and growth and thus the dependence on leaf photosynthates decreased. Part of this assimiate was used in sugar accumulation in juice sacs of fruit.

柑橘新品种果实常温贮藏条件下主要成分变化规律研究

柑橘新品种杂柑金瓜新系和吉品椪柑常温贮藏7个月,对果实汁囊胞中可溶性固形物含量、总糖、总酸、糖酸比、Vc、柚皮苷、橙皮苷和类黄酮总量等成分指标变化情况进行检测分析,发现金瓜新系与其子代在常温贮藏6个月内总糖含量持续增长;金瓜新系汁囊胞中类黄酮总量、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、总酸和Vc含量在贮藏的各个阶段均大幅度超过吉品椪柑的指标;吉品椪柑储在贮藏5个月后,总糖含量突然上升,然后下降。

Research of Biomass Accumulation and Saccharification Characteristics of Triarrhena lutarioriparia in Dongting Lake

[Objective] The aim was to analyze biomass accumulation, degradation and saccharification characteristics of Triarrhena lutarioriparia. [Method] With Triarrhena lutarioriparia as materials, samples were collected from April 2012 to November 2012 to explore monthly biomass changes and degradation and saccharification of Triarrhena lutarioriparia. [Result] Plant height was improving upon time; holocellulose and cellulose contents were increasing with dry weight of shoot system increasing and achieved the peak at 78.1% and 40% in September. It can be concluded that NaOH pre-treatment efficiency is better, when Triarrhena lutarionparia was treated with 2% NaOH at 100 ℃ for 20 min and reducing sugar yield achieved 178,42 mg/g. [Conclusion] Triarrhena lutarioriparia can be materials for ethyl alcohol production and the optimal harvest time is from middle September to middle October.

Effect of carbon source on growth and lipid accumulation in Chlorella sorokiniana GXNN01

Heterotrophic culture of microalgae to develop methods of increasing biomass productivity and storage lipids has brought new insight to commercial biodiesel production. To understand the relationship between heterotrophy and lipid production, the effects of carbon sources on the growth and lipid accumulation of Chlorella sorokiniana GXNN01 was studied. The alga exhibited an increased growth rate in response to the addition of carbon sources, which reached the stationary phase after 48 h at 30℃. In addition, glucose and NaAc had a significant effect on the lipid accumulation during the early-stationary phase. Specifically, the lipid content was 0.237±0.026 g ·g^-1 cell dry weight and 0.272±0.041 g Ll when glucose was used as the carbon source, whereas the lipid content reached 0.287±0.018 g ·g^-1 cell dry weight and 0.2884-0.008 g Lz when NaAc was used as the carbon source. The neutral lipid content was found to first decrease and then increase over time during the growth phase. A glucose concentration of 20 mmol L^-1 gave the maximal lipid yield and the optimum harvest time was the early-stationary phase.

Effect of chitosan on tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) accumulation, hydrolase activity, and morphological abnormalities of the viral particles in leaves of N. tabacum L. cv. Samsun

The effect of chitosan on the development of infection caused by Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun has been studied. It was shown that the infectivity and viral coat protein content in leaves inoculated with a mixture of TMV(2 μg/mL) and chitosan(1 mg/mL) were lower in the early period of infection(3 days after inoculation), by 63% and 66% respectively, than in leaves inoculated with TMV only. Treatment of leaves with chitosan 24 h before inoculation with TMV also caused the antiviral effects, but these were less apparent than when the virus and polysaccharide were applied simultaneously. The inhibitory effects of the agent decreased as the infection progressed. Inoculation of leaves with TMV together with chitosan considerably enhanced the activity of hydrolases(proteases, RNases) in the leaves, in comparison with leaves inoculated with TMV alone. Electron microscope assays of phosphotungstic acid(PTA)-stained suspensions from infected tobacco leaves showed that, in addition to the normal TMV particles(18 nm in diameter, 300 nm long), these suspensions contained abnormal(swollen, "thin" and "short") virions. The highest number of abnormal virions was found in suspensions from leaves inoculated with a mixture of TMV and chitosan. Immuno-electron microscopy showed that "thin" virus particles, in contrast to the particles of normal diameter, lost the ability to bind to specific antiserum. It seems that the chitosan-induced activation of hydrolases stimulates the intracellular degradation of TMV particles and hence hydrolase activation may be considered to be one of the polysaccharide-mediated cellular defense mechanisms that limit virus accumulation in cells.

Syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucoside alters lipid and glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells and C2C12 myotubes

Syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucoside(SSG), a furofuran-type lignan, was found to modulate lipid and glucose metabolism through an activity screen of lipid accumulation and glucose consumption, and was therefore considered as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorder,especially in lipid and glucose metabolic homeostasis. In this study, the effects of SSG on lipogenesis and glucose consumption in Hep G2 cells and C2C12 myotubes were further investigated. Treatment with SSG significantly inhibited lipid accumulation by oil red O staining and reduced the intracellular contents of total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in Hep G2 cells. No effect was observed on cell viability in the MTT assay at concentrations of 0.1–10 μmol/L. SSG also increased glucose consumption by Hep G2 cells and glucose uptake by C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the beneficial effects were associated with the down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c,-2(SREBP-1c,-2), fatty acid synthase(FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase(ACC) and hydroxyl methylglutaryl CoA reductase(HMGR), and up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma(PPARα and PPARγ). SSG also significantly elevated transcription activity of PPARγtested by luciferase assay. These results suggest that SSG is an effective regulator of lipogenesis and glucose consumption and might be a candidate for further research in the prevention and treatment of lipid and glucose metabolic diseases.