糖艺在西点盘饰中的作用

糖艺在西点制作过程中既是一个重要的盘饰步骤,同时也具备多重功能。从历史角度对糖艺进行了简单综述,对糖艺盘饰的现状进行了简单梳理,指出了传统西点盘饰的不足,具体分析了糖艺在现代西点盘饰中具有的作用。

浅谈糖艺制作技术

糖艺是指将糖艺制作所需的各种原料经过一系列专业的制作工艺技术将其构造成各种造型,具有较高的观赏价值和传统文化意义,且还可食用。本文对糖艺的各种制作工艺与技术进行重点探究,为糖艺技术的发展提供参考。

基于3D打印技术下的糖艺造型设计与应用

3D打印新技术结合糖艺造型设计,让现代糖艺造型更加丰富,既可以提高糖艺艺术品创作手段,使糖艺造型设计和文化创意更贴近生活,还可以让糖艺艺术品更加广泛,即结合各个地方的不同文化元素进行造型设计,创造出形式和种类更多样化的糖艺品,极大的丰富糖艺的表现力。

糖艺中熬糖液的步骤与技巧

熬糖液．这可是制作糖艺作品中最重要的一个环节，因为糖液熬制得怎么样将影响到糖艺作品的质量。

浅析糖艺在现代烹饪中的应用

糖艺作为食品艺术的重要组成部分,常以植物、景物、器物、动物等美观可食用的糖制艺术品形象展示,在现代烹饪中具有重要的装饰和食用作用。糖艺制作技术也是烹饪从业人员艺术造型能力、烹饪技艺的重要体现,对糖艺制作技术的研究以及其在现代烹饪中的应用分析,对提高烹饪从业者的烹饪技艺,促进现代烹饪行业的发展都具有重要作用。本文在分析糖艺概念和特点基础上,针对糖艺的原料和制作技艺进行分析,并积极探索糖艺在现代烹饪中的应用。

崔久祥,演绎国风糖艺之美

中国是世界上最早制糖的国家之一,在中国文化中,处处都能寻觅到“糖”的踪迹,如糖人、糖画、糖塑等。看似普通的白糖,天生具备神奇的变幻超能力。在高温助力下,经吹、捏、搓、捻、压、提、绞、拉等一系列技法,质朴的白糖可被塑造成千变万化的形象,这是糖塑艺术的魅力所在,也是崔久祥成为一名糖艺师的缘由之一。

Physical-chemical and Agronomical Analysis of a Leaf Color Mutant of Rice

[Objective] This study was to investigate the physical-chemical properties and the agronomical traits of a leaf color mutant K7231,so as to provide scientific basis for its use as breeding material.[Method]Before heading,the contents of chlorophyll and soluble sugar of leaf color mutant K7231 were measured,and its agronomic traits after mature were investigated.[Result]The contents of chlorophyll and soluble sugar of leaf color mutant K7231 before heading assumed a regular change law.Except the lower yield,K7231 performed similar agronomic traits compared with the CK.[Conclusion]This study provided scientific basis for the utilization of this mutant.

Optimization of Steam Explosion Process Condition for Extracting Polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla by Response Surface Methodology

【Objective】To optimize the steam explosion process condition for extracting polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla.【Method】The effects of steam pressure,pressure-maintaining time and material moisture content on the extraction of polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla were studied by response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design.【Result】The findings showed that each factor could significantly affect the test index,and the optimum condition was as follows:steam pressure 1.50 Mpa,pressuremaintaining time 46 s and material moisture content 46%.Under this condition,the verified experimental value of polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla was 39.32%,indicating a relative standard deviation of 2.73%from the predictive value.Meanwhile,scanning electron microcopy(SEM)images showed that the surface physical structure of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was irregularly broken and cracked,which means the physical structure of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was changed and destroyed at the cellular level.【Conclusion】This experiment provides a new approach for the extraction of polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla,as well as a reference for the resource utilization of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.

Removing Endotoxin from Protein Solution by Chitosan Modified Affinity Membrane

Affinity membrane was prepared with chitosan immobilized on the hydrophile- modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR.) analysis indicated that the contents of —NH2 and —OH groups increased and fluoride decreased on the membrane surface after modification. Using this kind of affinity membrane, the effects of operation parameters such as pH, ionic strength and flow rate, on the amount of endotoxin removed were investigated. The results showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacity and the dissociation constant of the affinity membrane to endotoxin were 21.4 EU·mg-1 membrane and 0.50EU·ml-1, respectively, at pH 7.0 and ionic strength 0.2 mol·L-1. Adsorption appeared to follow a typical Langmuir adsorption isotherm. At pH 5.0, ionic strength of 0.2 mol·L-1, the removal rate of endotoxin from BSA solution with the chitosan affinity membrane was up to 88.6% (11.50 EU·mg-1 membrane), and the recovery of BSA was 93.4% (0.187mg·mg-1 membrane), while at pH 11.0, ionic strength of 0.2mol·L-1, the removal rate of endotoxin from lysozyme solution was 72.4% (9.92EU·mg-1 membrane), and the recovery of lysozyme was 92.3% (0.104 mg·mg-1 membrane).

Study on Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum

[Objective] The aim was to study the optimum extraction process of polysaccharide from chrysanthemum.[Method] By dint of orthogonal and single-factor experiments,the influences of microwave efficiency,extraction time,and liquid ratio on the extraction rate of polysaccharides from chrysanthemum were studied.The optimum operation condition by microwave extraction method was determined and was compared with that by traditional extraction method.[Result] The optimum extraction conditions were:800 W,1:15(solid-liquid ratio),and 15 min.The polysaccharides extraction yield under such optimum condition was 5.59%.The extraction yield of impregnation was generally about 2.73%.[Conclusion] Compared with the traditional extraction method,the microwave extraction was simple,convenient,energy saving,and efficient,and was suitable for industrial extraction of polysaccharide.

Effects of Production and Ingredients on Tahini Halvah Quality

Tahini halvah is specific confectionery product known in Bosnia and Herzegovina over centuries. It is made of sesame-seed paste （tahini）, sugar and soapwort （Saponaria officinalis） extract by certain technological process, with creating needle-like particles which give a specific fiber structure to halvah. Production of tahini halvah in Bosnia and Herzegovina mostly was placed under artisanal conditions by poorly trained staff and was based on experiences and established practice. There is a very few scientific papers deal with ways of production and specific properties of this product in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Main objective of this paper was focused on studying technological process of 4 different samples of tahini halvah （standard tahini halvah, tahini halvah with pistachios, tahini halvah with cacao and black halvah with wheat grits, cacao and nuts）. All samples were produced under industrial conditions. Chemical and sensory quality parameters of investigated samples were presented in this paper. Significant differences between samples were found and influenced by different ingredients and technological process.

Extraction DNA from Activated Sludge-Comparing with Soil Sample

DNA directly extraction from activated sludge and soil sample with enzyme lyses methods was investigated in this paper. DNA yield from activated sludge was 3.0 mg/g. MLSS, and 28.2 -43.8 μg/g soil respectively. The resulting DNA is suitable for PCR. By studied methods, higher quality and quantity of sludge DNA could be obtained rapidly and inexpensively from large number of samples, and the PCR product obtained from this protocol was not affected by contaminated higher concentration of heavy metals.

The Process of Immobilization of ZnO Nanorods Surface with Galactose Oxidase

ZnO nanorods, with the c-axis orientation used for transparent conductors, solar cells, sensors especially the functionalized ZnO nanorods with some kinds of enzymes have been used for biosensor. In this work, we describe the process immobilization of galactose oxidase on ZnO nanorods surface with glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker molecule to make the working electrode in electrochemical biosensor. ZnO nanorods were grown on FTO （Fluorine-doped tin oxide） substrate by solution method at low temperature. The crystalline phase and orientation of ZnO nanorods were identified using X-ray diffraction. The efficiency of the immobilization was calculated by Braford method showed that about 36% enzyme content was immobilized on ZnO nanorods surface. The working electrode based on the immobilized ZnO nanorods was tested in galactose solution by CV （cyclic voltammetry） method indicated the value of current intensity is about 0.14 μA. These results clearly demonstrate the potential of galactose sensor based on ZnO nanorod.

Optimization of the Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Tegillarca granosa by Response Surface Methodology

[ Objective] The aim was to use response surface methodology to determine optimum conditions for extraction of polysaccharides from Tegillarca granosa. [ Method] Response surface methodology with three-factors and throe-levels was carried out for optimizing the extraction process of polysacchafides from Tegillarca granosa. A central composite des（gn including independent variables, such as extraction temperature （A）, extraction time （B）, and ethanol concentration （C） was obtained through Box-Benhnken central combination design. Selected response which evaluates the extraction process was polysacchadde yield. [ Result] The independent variable with the largest effect on response was ethanol concentration （C）. The optimum extraction conditions were found to be extraction temperature 69.6℃, extraction time 6.2 h, and ethanol concen- tration of 78% （V/V）, respectively. Under these conditions, the extraction efficiency of polysaccharide can increase to 1. 635%. [ Coaclusioa] Study on the extraction of polysaccharides from Tegillarca granosa could provide certain theoretical direction for extracting polysaccharides from Tegillarca granosa on a large scale.

Bioassay-Guided Extraction of Crude Fucose-Containing Sulphated Polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme with Response Surface Methodology

The response surface methodology(RSM) combined with bioassays was employed to optimize the extraction process of crude fucose-containing sulphated polysaccharides(c FCSP) from Sargassum fusiforme. The central composite design(CCD) was used with four variables, five levels, and four responses. The four variables were p H value of hydrochloric acid solution, extraction temperature(℃), ratio of liquid to raw material(m L g^(-1)), and extraction time(h), respectively. Chemical and bioassay indices were used in combination as the response parameters, which included the yield of c FCSP, fucose content, proliferation rate of spleen cells, and lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation of splenocytes. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis, and examined using the appropriate statistical methods. The best extraction conditions were as follows: the p H value of hydrochloric acid solution was 3.50; the extraction temperature was 100℃; the ratio of liquid to raw material was 15.00 m L g^(-1) and the extraction time was 2.50 h. The experimental yield was close to the predicted from the model. The extract could promote spleen lymphocyte proliferation, especially the lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, which suggested that its immunomodulatory effect on B lymphocytes. Therefore, c FCSP extracted from S. fusiforme could be utilized as an immunostimulant in functional foods and pharmaceutical industry in future.

Continuous Production of Butanol by Bacteria of Genus Clostridium

Performance of continuous 1-butanol production process by Clostridium bacteria is complicated by alternation of acidogenic and solventogenic phases during fermentation what correlates with culture growth and sporulation, respectively. However, the strain Clostridium pasteurianum NRRL B598 showed diverse pattern of solvents production when butanol production started during exponential growth phase in batch cultivation. If cultivated under glucose limited conditions with dilution rate 0.03 hl, constant product concentration was almost achieved. By contrast, glucose non-limited continuous experiment operated with dilution rate 0.07 h-1 lead to mutually adverse oscillations of product and glucose concentrations. Regarding the process economy, glucose limited continuous cultivation seems to be superior due to utilization of total supplied glucose amount, advantageous butanol/acetone ratio and higher butanol yield.

基于民间传统文化资源开发和利用的主题设计——以“糖话”品牌包装为例

民间传统文化是宝贵资源,能给艺术与设计的再创造提供大量的素材和养分,文化创意产业需要根植于传统文化。本文以"糖话"品牌包装为例,尝试在民间传统文化中汲取创新灵感,应用多元化的设计语言及理念来探寻现代设计方法,通过设计的途径将传统文化中的精髓以物化的形式表达出来,增加产品的文化附加值。

The Development of Undaria Pinnatifida Bean Curd

Using Undaria pinnatifida juice and soya bean as main material, glucono delta lactone （GDL） as coagulant, we produced light green and very nourishing Undaria pinnatifida bean curd. Using the single factor experiment to determine the quantity and concentration of Undaria pinnatifida juice milk, process conditions of coagulation is determined by three factors three levels experiment, the best formulation of Undaria pinnatifida tofu is determined by test of four factors and three levels, process conditions are： the addition of Undaria pinnatifida is 20%, soya-bean milk concentration is1：4.5, the amount of GDL is0.30%, solidification time is 15min, solidification temperature is 95 ℃.

传承舌尖上的美食

我1997年参加工作,师从烹饪大师郭海旺先生,多年来小有所成。2018年,我担任内蒙古自治区70周年大庆中央代表团招待会宴席接待组组长,设计了以“骏马奔腾宴”为主题的宴席,其中糖艺菜“八骏奔飞”在制作工艺上解决了夏季糖丝定型的难题,被主办方指定为宴会头道菜。