论述糖行企业综合治理工作的重要作用

做好糖行业稳定工作,更好地为糖行业生产建设和创建良好的治安环境,是治安综合治理工作的基本职责和本质要求。本文就如何加强综合治理在糖行企业中的重要作用进行论述。

商帮·金融·洋糖:镇海方家糖行史

镇海方家以糖业起家,19世纪10年代起在上海小东门外一带从事砂糖零售业务(南货店),1843年上海开埠后从事砂糖小型批发业务(拆货店),19世纪70年代起从事砂糖大型批发业务(糖行)。随着19世纪末20世纪初东亚糖业格局巨变,它从国产糖批发为主转向洋糖批发为主,并陆续增设多家糖行。20世纪二三十年代,它在既有糖行的基础上设立了相当于洋行的进口糖行直接从南洋进口爪哇糖。这些糖行以联号方式组成家族糖行群,其中几家经营至中华人民共和国成立初期。镇海方家从东亚砂糖贸易圈的边缘走到中心,从销售渠道的下游走到上游,见证了近代中国糖业兴衰沉浮,见证了近代东亚糖业格局巨变。这段家族糖业史历时140多年、历经5代人,得益于宁波商帮的鼎力支持、家族钱庄的金融运作,以及近代中国洋糖消费的兴起。

Xylooligosaccharides Alleviate Inflammatory Dermatoses and Related Depression-Like Behaviors in Atopic Dermatitis Mice Induced by 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene

Objective:To investigate the influence of xylooligosaccharides on skin inflammation,behavioral characteristics,neurotransmitters,and gut flora in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis(AD)induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB).Methods:The AD mouse model was created by administration of DNFB for 14 consecutive days.The scoring atopic dermatitis index,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),histopathology,and immunohistochemical analyses were used to assess inflammation and depression-like behaviors.Furthermore,high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine the composition of fecal microbiota.Results:Xylooligosaccharides treatment reduced the number of scratches and skin thickness,mast cell infiltration and the levels of immunoglobulin(Ig)E and T-helper cytokines compared with the AD model group.Meanwhile,xylooligosaccharides treatment reduced the immobility time of mice in the forced swimming test and increased the total movement distance and movement distance in the center area in the open-field test.Furthermore,5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine expression in the brain was increased following xylooligosaccharides treatment.Using network pharmacology,Gene Ontology analysis showed that the targets were mainly enriched in phosphatase binding and the regulation of leukocyte differentiation,which ameliorated AD mainly through the hypoxia inducible factor-1 and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathways.16S rRNA gene sequencing,diversity indices,and gut microbial taxonomic composition analysis showed DNFB-induced changes in intestinal microbiota diversity in AD mice.Comparative analysis indicated that xylooligosaccharides intake improved the gut microbiome by dramatically enhancing the concentration of Lactobacillus while decreasing the concentration of Bacteroides in mice.Conclusion:Xylooligosaccharides reduce inflammatory dermatosis and related depression-like behaviors via regulating intestinal homeostasis,having medicinal value as a nutritional and functional ingredient.

家兔脊髓长下行固有束至腰膨大的投射

目的 探讨脊髓长下行固有束在腰膨大的分布。方法 用成年家兔 2 5只 ,分两组进行 ,第一组 15只行溃变法和铜银顺行追踪法。第二组 10只葡聚糖胺结合免疫组化法 (ABC法 )顺行追踪脊髓长下行固有束在腰膨大的投射。结果 两组的实验结果基本一致 ,在腰膨大处 ,溃变终末或标记终末可见于双侧的灰质内 ,并主要见于同侧 ;其分布较为广泛 ,主要见于灰质 — 层 ,以 层和 层较为密集。结论 来自颈段的脊髓长下行固有束可投射到腰膨大 。

Physical activity,sedentary behaviors,physical fitness,and their relation to health outcomes in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes:A review of the epidemiologic literature

Diabetes is a leading chronic disease of childhood and adolescence. In addition to the well-known auto-immune, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus （type 1 diabetes （T 1D））, the past two decades have witnessed the emergence of type 2 diabetes （T2D） in children and adolescents, which previously was only seen in middle-aged or older adults. One of the key components of diabetes management is physical activity （PA）. The beneficial effects of increased PA and decreased sedentary behavior are extremely important in youth with diabetes because of the markedly increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in this population compared to persons without diabetes. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the epidemiologic, observational research published and listed in PubMed between 1970 and 2012 on PA and sedentary behaviors, as well as physical fitness in children and adolescents with T1D and T2D. Additionally, we describe briefly the state of knowledge on perceived barriers of PA in persons with diabetes, with a focus on hypoglycemia. Finally, we provide an overview of the epidemiological literature pertaining to health benefits of increased PA in youth with TID and T2D and briefly discuss the topic of exercise-related hypoglycemia, Copyright ~ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

清代民国北京糖饼行南北案兴衰初探

北京糖饼行基于京城南北兼容、满汉共融的多元饮食文化特色,形成了"南北案分峙""满汉铺一体"的独特局面。清代南北案为维护共同利益建立了糖饼行会,但由于南北案受众与城区分布的不同,多呈现松散分峙的状态。清末南案糕点风靡,以稻香村为首的南果铺迅速占据市场。民国初年,新式糕点在京的流行对传统糕点行造成冲击。糖饼行业开始采取手段应对,但受政局动荡影响,整体走向衰退。本文以北京糖饼行一业作为考察对象,以南北两案为中心,梳理南北两案的缘起、合作及分立的具体状况,探讨清以来北京糖饼行发展的具体表现和衰落的原因,及糖饼行业的兴衰造成的诸多影响。

Application of Pectin Crude Extract from Krung Kha Mao Leaves （Cissampelos pareira L.） for Immobilization of Lactobacillus casei subsp, rhamnosus TISTR 108 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp, bulgaricus TISTR 1339 on Lactic Acid Production

The research was first to perform the utilization of novel and cheap pectin crude extract from Krung Kha Mao leaves （Cissampelos pareira L.） to immobilize cells of Lactobacillus casei subsp, rhamnosus TISTR 108 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp, bulgaricus TISTR 1339 for lactic acid production, the optimum condition of immobilized cells was produced significantly at 5% of probability, that the highest lactic acid has been 38.50 and 33.66 g/L in steady state of whey medium for 96 and 108 h, respectively. Both strains were immobilized by 4% （w/w） of pectin crude extract from Krung Kha Mao （KKM pectin） leaves, 1.52 mm inner diameters of silicone tube and 5% （v/v） inoculum for immobilization. Efficiency of lactic acid production was compared by immobilized cells ofL. casei subsp, rhamnosus TISTR 108 when KKM pectin, commercial citrus pectin, commercial apple pectin and sodium alginate were used as supporting materials to produce lactic acid 38.50, 38.76, 30.43 and 34.56 g/L, respectively, the productivity of lactic acid has been 0.40, 0.40, 0.36 and 0.36 g/L h, respectively.

Insight into fouling behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)hollow fiber membranes caused by dextran with different pore size distributions

Membrane fouling is the key problem that occurs in membrane process for water treatment. However, how membrane microstructure influences the fouling behavior is still not clear. In this study, fouling behavior caused by dextran was deeply and systematically investigated by employing four poly（vinylidene fluoride） （PVDF） membranes with different pore sizes, ranging from 24 to 94 nm. The extent of fouling by dextran was accurately characterized by pore reduction, flux decline, and the change of critical flux. The result shows that membrane with the smallest pore size of 24 nm experienced the smallest fouling rate and the lowest fouling extent. As the membrane pore size increased, the critical flux ranges were 105-114, 63-73, 38-44 and 34- 43 L. m 2. h t, respectively. The critical flux and fouling resistances indicated that the fouling propensity in- creases with the increase of membrane pore size. Two pilot membrane modules with mean pore size of 25 nm and 60 nm were applied in membrane filtration of surface water treatment. The results showed that serious ir- reversible membrane fouling occurred on the membrane with pore size of 60 nm at the permeate flux of 40.5 L.m 2.h 1. On the other hand, membrane with pore size of 25 nm exhibited much better anti-fouling per- formance when permeate flux was set to 40.5, 48 and 60 L-m 2-h- 1.

Effects of laminin glycopeptides on metastasis-related behaviors of cancer cells

Our previous reports have shown that lamininglycopeptides (LN-GPs), the total glycopeptides prepared from laminin (LN), can prevent the experimental lung metastasis and liver metastasis of mouse cancer cells. In order to explore the anti-metastatic mechanism of LNGPs, we studied the effects of LN-GPs on metastasisrelated behaviors of cancer cells in vitro. LN-GPs did not affect cell survival. However, LN-GPs inhibited cell attachment and spreading Of 5180 cells on LN- and Matrigelsubstrate in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. Moreover, inhibition of cen attachment and spreading on Matrigel substrates were much greater on Matrigel substrate than on LN substrate. In the presence of LN-GPs, 5180 cells on LN substrate changed from a flattened polygonal shape to a round one, the migration of 5180 cells on LN substrate decreased, and the number of a highly invasive human pulmonary giant caxcinoma PG cells invading Matrigel filter in a Boyden chamber was reduced. LN-GPs thus have multiple inhibitory effects on cancer motastasisrelated behaviors.

Temperature-dependent aggregation of bio-surfactants in aqueous solutions of galactose and lactose:Volumetric and viscometric approach

Modulation in the aggregation behavior of bio-surfactants （bile salts）, sodium cholate （NaC） and sodium deoxycholate （NaDC） in aqueous solutions of carbohydrates （galactose and lactose） have been investigated by measuring the density （ρ）, speed of sound （u） and viscosity （η） of the mixtures at different temperatures 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. The density and speed of sound data have been used to calculate various volumetric and compressibility parameters such as apparent molar volume （Vφ）, isentropic compressibil- ity （κs）, apparent molar adiabatic compression （κs,φ） to get a better insight into the micellization mechanism of bile salts. Further, the viscosity data have been studied in the light of relative viscosity （ηr） and viscous relaxation time （τ）. Some derived parameters such as free volume （νf）, internal pressure （πi） and molar cohesive energy （MCE） of NaC and NaDC in aqueous solution of saccharides have also been calculated from viscosity data in con- junction with density and speed of sound values. All the calculated and derived parameters provide qualitative information regarding the nature of interactions i.e. solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent in the solution.

Opposite fates of fructose in the development of metabolic syndrome

This short review comments on the recently published work of Ishimoto et al regarding the opposing effects of fructokinase C and A isoforms on fructoseinduced metabolic syndrome in mice. The framework for the commentary is the preexisting background of epidemiological and experimental data regarding the association between ingestion of fructose, as present in sweetened beverages, and the development of metabolic syndrome. The work of Ishimoto et al clearly confirms the negative effect of fructose on lipid and glucose metabolism, independently from the amount of energy provided by the ingested sugar. It also confirms the absolute requirement of liver fructose metabolism, driven by fructokinase activity, in order to develop the full spectrum of metabolic syndrome alterations.

Adsorption behavior of cross-linked chitosan modified by graphene oxide for Cu(Ⅱ) removal

Cross-linked chitosan(CS),cross-linked chitosan/graphene(CS/RGO10) and cross-linked chitosan/graphene oxide(CS/GO10) were prepared as adsorbents for Cu(Ⅱ).The effects of pH,contact time,adsorbent dosage and initial concentration of Cu(Ⅱ) on the adsorbing abilities of CS,CS/RGO10 and CS/GO10 to Cu(Ⅱ) were investigated.The results demonstrate that the adsorption capacities of CS/GO10 and CS/RGO10 are greater than that of CS,especially at pH 5.0 and the adsorption capacities are 202.5,150 and 137.5 mg/g,respectively.Their behaviors obey the Freundlich isotherm model very well.Additionally,CS/GO10 has the shortest time to achieve adsorption equilibrium among them and can be used as a perspective adsorbent for Cu(Ⅱ).

Gelling Behavior of Plant Proteins and Polysaccharides in Food Systems

Biological macromolecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, are widely used in food systems because their interactions impart a desirable texture to food products. Plant proteins interact with food components via protein-protein and protein-polysaccharide associations, and the formation of a matrix, which can entrap other food components such as water, lipids and flavors. These networks provide structural integrity to food products and can serve as important functional ingredients in processed foods. Intermolecular interactions of typical polysaccharides result either in simple associations or in the form of a double or triple helix. The linear double helical segments may then interact to form a super junction and a three-dimensional gel network. The formation of these structural networks takes place during processing and involves the transformation from a liquid or viscous sol into a solid material with elastic properties. Interests in the behavior of mixed gels center on the prospects of enhanced flexibility in their mechanical and structural properties compared to those of pure gels. Findings on molecular interactions between plant proteins （e.g., soy, canola and pea proteins） and polysaccharides （e.g., guar gum, carrageenan, and pectin） allow for the modification of physical and textural characteristics of mixed biopolymers to meet desired functional property.

In vitro corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity property of magnesium matrix composite with chitosan coating

Mg-6%Zn-10%β-Ca3(PO4)2 composite was prepared through powder metallurgy methods with different chitosan coatings on its surface. The properties of the chitosan coatings on the surface of Mg-6%Zn-10%β-Ca3(PO4)2 composite, such as the adhesion ability, the corrosion behavior and the cytotoxicity properties, were investigated, and the microstructure of the chitosan coating was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results show that chitosan coating improves the corrosion resistance of the magnesium composite specimens significantly. Mg-6%Zn-10%β-Ca3(PO4)2 composite specimens exhibit good corrosion resistance and low p H values in simulated body fluid(SBF) at 37 °C in the immersion test with 7-layer chitosan coating whose relative molecular mass is 30×104 Da. The cytotoxicity tests indicate that Mg-6%Zn-10%β-Ca3(PO4)2 with chitosan coating is nontoxic with a cytotoxicity grade of zero against L-929 cells, which is better than that of uncoated composites.

Effect of Transport Times on Welfare of Pigs

The aim of the study was to investigate effect of transport times of up to 12 h on pigs＇ welfare. An observation box was located on the 3rd floor of the vehicle. Device to measure temperature, humidity and video camera to monitor pigs＇ behaviors were fitted in the box. Eighteen measurements were performed during two seasons for 4, 8, and 12 h of transport time with three replications. Meat samples were taken from longissimus dorsi （LD） and the carcases were chilled for 24 h at ＋4 ~C for pH determination. To determine cortisol, glucose, lactate, and creatine kinase concentration levels, blood samples were collected before and after transport from 90 pigs and from 20 controls that were not transported for control purposes. To evaluate behavioural alterations, frequency of events and durations were considered. Highest pH24 of 5.99 ＋ 0.29 occurred during summer at 12 h transport time. Cortisol concentrations elevated during short and decreased with an increase of transport time （P 〈 0.001）. Highest and lowest glucose concentrations for winter and summer were at 8 and 12 h transport time, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. Concentrations of lactate and creatine kinase positively correlated with transport time （P 〈 0.002）. Lying, sitting, rooting and vocalization behaviours correlated with transport time （P 〈 0.009）. Certain THI values during summer surpassed normal （〉 74） level during loading. The pH24 value correlated with transport time during summer. Lactate and creatine kinase concentrations increased with an increase in transport time but for Glucose, highest value was at 8 h transport time.

Association of hepatitis C virus infection and diabetes

Epidemiologic studies have suggested a relation between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and diabetes mellitus. HCV infection is emerging as a metabolic disease, and diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for HCV infection. However, some data on the prevalence of antibodies to HCV in patients with diabetes are conflicting. These seroprevalence data should be interpreted with caution. Some potential bias may occur in those clinic-based studies that target a specif ic disease group. In this letter we explain some reasons for these conflicting studies.

EFFECT OF ELECTRO-SCALP ACUPUNCTURE ON GLUCOSE METABOLISM OF THE CEREBRAL REGIONS INVOLVING MENTAL ACTIVITY IN HEALTHY PEOPLE

Objective: To observe the effect of electro-scalp acupuncture on glucose metabolism of cerebral regions involving mental activity in healthy people. Methods: A total of 6 cases of volunteer healthy subjects (3 males and 3 females) ranging in age from 22 to 36 years were subjected to this study. Changes of cerebral glucose metabolism before and after electro-scalp acupuncture were observed by using positron emission tomography (PET) and semi-quantifying analysis method. Electro-scalp acupuncture stimulation (50 Hz, 2 mA) of Middle Line of Vertex (Ding zhongxian,顶中线,MS5), Middle Line of Forehead (Ezhongxian, 额中线,MS1) and bilateral Lateral Line 1 of Forehead (Epangyixian,额旁一线,MS2) was administered for 30 minutes. Then cerebral regions of interest (ROIs) were chosen and their average glucose metabolism levels (radioactivity of 18 fluorine deoxyglucose) were analyzed. Results: After administration of electro-scalp acupuncture, the glucose metabolism levels in bilateral frontal lobes and bilateral caudate nuclei, left cingulate gyrus and right cerebellum increased significantly in comparison with those of pre stimulation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Electro-scalp acupuncture of MSI, MS2 and MS5 can increase the glucose metabolism of certain cerebral regions involving mental activity in healthy subjects.

Combined administration of D-galactose and aluminium induces Alzheimer-like lesions in brain

Objective It has been reported that D-galactose （D-gal） can model subacute aging, and aluminum （AI） acts as a neurotoxin, but combined effects of them have not been reported. The present work aimed to reveal the effect of combined administration of D-gal and A1 in mice and compare the effect of D-gal treatment with that of A1 treatment. Meth- ods A1 was intragastricaHy administered and D-gal was subcutaneously injected into Kunming mice for 10 consecutive weeks. Learning and memory, eholinergic systems, as well as protein levels of amyloid β （Aβ） and hyperphosphorylated tau were determined using Morri water maze test, biochemical assays and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The mice with combined treatment had obvious learning and memory deficits, and showed decreases in brain ace- tylcholine （ACh） level and in activities of choline acetyltransferase （CHAT） and acetyleholinesterase （ACHE）. Formation of senile plaque （SP）-like and neurofibrillary tangle （NFT）-like structures was also observed. The behavioral and pathologi- cal changes persisted for at least 6 weeks after withdrawal of D-gal and A1. Conclusion Combined use of D-gal and A1 is an effective way to establish the non-transgenic Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） animal model, and is useful for studies of AD pathogenesis and therapeutic evaluation.

Determination of luteolin and acteoside in Siphonostegiae Herba by high-performance liquid chromatography

A sensitive RP-HPLC-DAD method has been developed and validated for the determination of luteolin and acteoside in the herb ofSiphonostegia chinensis Benth. （Siphonostegiae Herba）. Separation was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq C18 column （250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） using a gradient elution with mobile phases of 0.05% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （A） and methanol （B）. The assay was carried out at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with detection at 310 nm and 350 nm. Luteolin and acteoside showed good linearity in the ranges of 0.0341-0.8172 mg/mL （r2 = 0.9999） and 0.0708-2.832 mg/mL （r2 = 0.9999） with average recoveries of 102.7% and 98.3%, respectively. The contents of luteolin and acteoside varied greatly in 15 samples from different habitats. This is the first report on the quantitative determination of acteoside in Siphonostegiae Herba.

Small-volume solution current-time behavior study for application in reverse iontophoresis-based non-invasive blood glucose monitoring

The reverse iontophoresis-based glucose monitoring circumstance is similar to the small-volume solution in which mass diffusion controls the current response of the electrochemical biosensors.In this study,the law of mass transfer in this type of solution was analyzed and a mathematic model was established to depict the current-time behavior of the fabricated planar electrode used in the non-invasive meter designed by ourselves.A small-volume glucose solution was directly constructed on the electrode to simulate the reverse iontophoresis-based sensing condition.The correctness of the model was demonstrated by chronoamperometry.Animal assay was subsequently carried out to verify the practicality of the model in determination of blood glucose.The results processed by the new method accurately traced the authentic value,confirming the advantage of the new method and the potential in clinical analysis.