已有多种评价环境影响的环境系统分析(Environmental Systems Analysis,ESA)工具,文章对现有的一些工具进行了综述。许多ESA工具要为决策作支持,而在一个特定的决策情况下选用哪种工具取决于决策背景,讨论了影响工具选择的关键因素,并...已有多种评价环境影响的环境系统分析(Environmental Systems Analysis,ESA)工具,文章对现有的一些工具进行了综述。许多ESA工具要为决策作支持,而在一个特定的决策情况下选用哪种工具取决于决策背景,讨论了影响工具选择的关键因素,并建议关键因素是:研究的对象,所关注的影响,世界观、价值观和文化背景,以及根据DPSIR(Drivingforces,Pressure,State,Impact and Response)模型所需要的信息类型。并对铝压铸和镁压铸的环境影响进行了评估,提出了一些相关的减排措施。展开更多
基于滚动需求评估的原则和结构函数,评估山东地面气象观测站网水平分辨率(平均站间距),研究山东国家级基准、基本及常规气象观测站气温、相对湿度、降水量的最佳布站方案和最佳布站距离。结果表明:(1)国家气象观测站和区域气象观测站各...基于滚动需求评估的原则和结构函数,评估山东地面气象观测站网水平分辨率(平均站间距),研究山东国家级基准、基本及常规气象观测站气温、相对湿度、降水量的最佳布站方案和最佳布站距离。结果表明:(1)国家气象观测站和区域气象观测站各要素水平分辨率由小到大依次为降水量、气温、风向和风速、相对湿度、气压,国家级基准、基本及常规气象观测站各要素水平分辨率均相同,应用气象观测站气温与相对湿度要素的水平分辨率小于风向和风速及降水量。(2)除全球数值天气预报和海洋应用领域外,山东4类地面气象观测站各要素的水平分辨率相比观测系统能力分析和审查工具(Observation System Capability Analysis and Review,OSCAR)中各应用领域突破值尚有较大的差距。(3)山东国家级基准、基本及常规气象观测站的气温、相对湿度、降水量的四季结构函数整体上随距离的增加而增大。气温、相对湿度、降水量的线段内插、正三角形内插和正方形内插标准误差与距离均呈线性关系。在距离满足点值内插标准误差小于观测标准误差时,气温、相对湿度和降水量均为正三角形内插精度最高。(4)山东国家级基准、基本及常规气象观测站气温、相对湿度和降水量最佳的布站方案均为正三角形布设,其中气温、相对湿度、降水量的最佳布站距离应分别不超过43.6 km、63.4 km和40.3 km。展开更多
Qingdao waters,including both the semi-enclosed Jiaozhou Bay(JB) and the adjacent water out of JB(OJB),have been the areas that are most frequently affected by harmful algal blooms(HABs) in the western Yellow Sea(west...Qingdao waters,including both the semi-enclosed Jiaozhou Bay(JB) and the adjacent water out of JB(OJB),have been the areas that are most frequently affected by harmful algal blooms(HABs) in the western Yellow Sea(west of 124°E).In this research,HAB occurrences in Qingdao waters from 1990 to 2009 were investigated using spatial tools in geographic information system(GIS) and are discussed in terms of their connection to temporal variation.Additionally,the effects of each HAB occurrence were further evaluated using a simple model.The calculated results were then visualized using a GIS software to indicate the effects of HABs in Qingdao waters during the entire period.As a result,the OJB was proven to be responsible for the frequent HAB occurrences in Qingdao waters after 2000,although JB was traditionally believed to be the principle source of HAB occurrences in Qingdao waters.In addition,increasing nitrogen and N/P structure imbalance were essential for increasing HAB occurrences in Qingdao waters throughout the entire period,especially for the recent HAB occurrences in the OJB.The results of this research would improve the current understanding on HAB occurrences in Qingdao waters,which would benefit HAB monitoring and the implementation of a control strategy in China as well.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a new marker model for optoelectronic systems adapted to wearable devices, in order to have an analysis tool for kinematic gait evaluation of reproduced pattern...The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a new marker model for optoelectronic systems adapted to wearable devices, in order to have an analysis tool for kinematic gait evaluation of reproduced patterns by exoskeletons. The marker model has a total of 36 retro-reflective markers attached bilaterally to anatomical landmarks during the static measures （without exoskeleton） and 28 markers at the dynamics measures （with exoskeleton）. The main difference between others kinematic models and the described adapted model was the placement of the three markers in the back thigh and the other three in the back calf, what allowed removing the hip, thigh, knee, tibia and ankle markers. The proposed adapted marker model could be an effective tool to validate the joint movement and velocities of those wearable exoskeletons that at present have been developing.展开更多
This research aimed to determine instruments for analysis of knowledge management in operators companies of metropolitan transport systems. How much the goal was an exploratory research, how much the procedure was a l...This research aimed to determine instruments for analysis of knowledge management in operators companies of metropolitan transport systems. How much the goal was an exploratory research, how much the procedure was a literature search, how much as nature was an applied research, and how much as approach was qualitative research？ The following instruments were identified and selected： （a） the methodology for the analysis of metropolitan transport systems; （b） the knowledge management maturity model （Siemens）; and （c） Documentation and Information Centre. The simulation, using the tools in the knowledge management to analyze the Company Metropolitan of S^io Paulo--METRO, identified the need for improvements in eight areas and the problems： （1） rethink the knowledge management area; （2） develop new knowledge management policies; （3） define responsibilities in knowledge management area; （4） implement new knowledge management processes; （5） explore new ways and structures of knowledge; （6） consider the internal and external actors in knowledge management actions; （7） expand the dissemination of the collaborative culture; and （8） integrate in the knowledge management area current and future initiatives. The analysis shows that the transposition of the current situation to the desired situation for the company can be obtained with the implementation of an Information and Documentation Centre. The conclusion is that this set of tools allows to characterize, evaluate, and model the knowledge management in this business.展开更多
In this letter, the homotopy analysis method is successfully applied to solve the Relativistic Toda lattice system. Comparisons are made between the results of the proposed method and exact solutions. Analysis results...In this letter, the homotopy analysis method is successfully applied to solve the Relativistic Toda lattice system. Comparisons are made between the results of the proposed method and exact solutions. Analysis results show that homotopy analysis method is a powerful and easy-to-use analytic tool to solve systems of differential-difference equations.展开更多
The seismic safety of nuclear power plan(tNPP)has always been a major consideration in the site selection,design,operation,and more recently recertification of existing installations. In addition to the actual NPP and...The seismic safety of nuclear power plan(tNPP)has always been a major consideration in the site selection,design,operation,and more recently recertification of existing installations. In addition to the actual NPP and all their operational and safety related support systems,the storage of spent fuel in temporary or permanent storage facilities also poses a seismic risk. This seismic risk is typically assessed with state-of-the-art modeling and analytical tools that capture everything from the ground rupture or source of the earthquake to the site specific ground shaking,taking geotechnical parameters and soilfoundationstructureinteraction (SFSI) into account to the non-linear structural response of the reactor core,the containment structure,the core cooling system and the emergency cooling system(s),to support systems,piping systems and non-structural components,and finally the performance of spent fuel storage in the probabilistically determined operational basis earthquake (OBE) or the safe shutdown earthquake (SSE) scenario. The best and most meaningful validation and verification of these advanced analytical tools is in the form of full or very large scale experimental testing,designed and conducted in direct support of model and analysis tool calibration. This paper outlines the principles under which such calibration testing should be conducted and illustrates with examples the kind of testing and parameter evaluation required.展开更多
TCMs （traffic calming measures） are commonly installed in order to reduce speeds and volumes of traffic to acceptable levels and, thus, improve traffic safety as well as environmental impact when designed appropriat...TCMs （traffic calming measures） are commonly installed in order to reduce speeds and volumes of traffic to acceptable levels and, thus, improve traffic safety as well as environmental impact when designed appropriately as a corridor or aerial implementation with proper spacing. Hence in many previous studies, their impact was mainly evaluated in scope of average and 85th percentile speed reduction. This paper presents and appraises the efficiency of calming measures of various types used in the city of Bialystok, Poland in terms of their influence zone. The assessment is based on speed profiles derived from individual test rides conducted with test vehicle equipped with GPS （global positioning system） data logger to obtain vehicle trajectory data. Speed measurements were conducted in vicinity of most commonly installed calming measures such as speed cameras, raised pedestrian crossing, raised intersection, speed bumps and speed cushion. The results reveal great differences within analysed devices and the usefulness of speed profiles in evaluation of their effectiveness. Speed bumps, most frequently used device in practice due to their low cost installation and speed reduction effectiveness, demonstrate lowest usefulness when influence zone is considered.展开更多
文摘已有多种评价环境影响的环境系统分析(Environmental Systems Analysis,ESA)工具,文章对现有的一些工具进行了综述。许多ESA工具要为决策作支持,而在一个特定的决策情况下选用哪种工具取决于决策背景,讨论了影响工具选择的关键因素,并建议关键因素是:研究的对象,所关注的影响,世界观、价值观和文化背景,以及根据DPSIR(Drivingforces,Pressure,State,Impact and Response)模型所需要的信息类型。并对铝压铸和镁压铸的环境影响进行了评估,提出了一些相关的减排措施。
文摘基于滚动需求评估的原则和结构函数,评估山东地面气象观测站网水平分辨率(平均站间距),研究山东国家级基准、基本及常规气象观测站气温、相对湿度、降水量的最佳布站方案和最佳布站距离。结果表明:(1)国家气象观测站和区域气象观测站各要素水平分辨率由小到大依次为降水量、气温、风向和风速、相对湿度、气压,国家级基准、基本及常规气象观测站各要素水平分辨率均相同,应用气象观测站气温与相对湿度要素的水平分辨率小于风向和风速及降水量。(2)除全球数值天气预报和海洋应用领域外,山东4类地面气象观测站各要素的水平分辨率相比观测系统能力分析和审查工具(Observation System Capability Analysis and Review,OSCAR)中各应用领域突破值尚有较大的差距。(3)山东国家级基准、基本及常规气象观测站的气温、相对湿度、降水量的四季结构函数整体上随距离的增加而增大。气温、相对湿度、降水量的线段内插、正三角形内插和正方形内插标准误差与距离均呈线性关系。在距离满足点值内插标准误差小于观测标准误差时,气温、相对湿度和降水量均为正三角形内插精度最高。(4)山东国家级基准、基本及常规气象观测站气温、相对湿度和降水量最佳的布站方案均为正三角形布设,其中气温、相对湿度、降水量的最佳布站距离应分别不超过43.6 km、63.4 km和40.3 km。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(No.U1406403)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11020302)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholars(No.41506135)the National Nature Science Foundation of China for Creative Group Research(No.41121064)
文摘Qingdao waters,including both the semi-enclosed Jiaozhou Bay(JB) and the adjacent water out of JB(OJB),have been the areas that are most frequently affected by harmful algal blooms(HABs) in the western Yellow Sea(west of 124°E).In this research,HAB occurrences in Qingdao waters from 1990 to 2009 were investigated using spatial tools in geographic information system(GIS) and are discussed in terms of their connection to temporal variation.Additionally,the effects of each HAB occurrence were further evaluated using a simple model.The calculated results were then visualized using a GIS software to indicate the effects of HABs in Qingdao waters during the entire period.As a result,the OJB was proven to be responsible for the frequent HAB occurrences in Qingdao waters after 2000,although JB was traditionally believed to be the principle source of HAB occurrences in Qingdao waters.In addition,increasing nitrogen and N/P structure imbalance were essential for increasing HAB occurrences in Qingdao waters throughout the entire period,especially for the recent HAB occurrences in the OJB.The results of this research would improve the current understanding on HAB occurrences in Qingdao waters,which would benefit HAB monitoring and the implementation of a control strategy in China as well.
文摘The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a new marker model for optoelectronic systems adapted to wearable devices, in order to have an analysis tool for kinematic gait evaluation of reproduced patterns by exoskeletons. The marker model has a total of 36 retro-reflective markers attached bilaterally to anatomical landmarks during the static measures （without exoskeleton） and 28 markers at the dynamics measures （with exoskeleton）. The main difference between others kinematic models and the described adapted model was the placement of the three markers in the back thigh and the other three in the back calf, what allowed removing the hip, thigh, knee, tibia and ankle markers. The proposed adapted marker model could be an effective tool to validate the joint movement and velocities of those wearable exoskeletons that at present have been developing.
文摘This research aimed to determine instruments for analysis of knowledge management in operators companies of metropolitan transport systems. How much the goal was an exploratory research, how much the procedure was a literature search, how much as nature was an applied research, and how much as approach was qualitative research？ The following instruments were identified and selected： （a） the methodology for the analysis of metropolitan transport systems; （b） the knowledge management maturity model （Siemens）; and （c） Documentation and Information Centre. The simulation, using the tools in the knowledge management to analyze the Company Metropolitan of S^io Paulo--METRO, identified the need for improvements in eight areas and the problems： （1） rethink the knowledge management area; （2） develop new knowledge management policies; （3） define responsibilities in knowledge management area; （4） implement new knowledge management processes; （5） explore new ways and structures of knowledge; （6） consider the internal and external actors in knowledge management actions; （7） expand the dissemination of the collaborative culture; and （8） integrate in the knowledge management area current and future initiatives. The analysis shows that the transposition of the current situation to the desired situation for the company can be obtained with the implementation of an Information and Documentation Centre. The conclusion is that this set of tools allows to characterize, evaluate, and model the knowledge management in this business.
基金Supported by Leading Academic Discipline Program, 211 Project for Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (the 3rd phase)
文摘In this letter, the homotopy analysis method is successfully applied to solve the Relativistic Toda lattice system. Comparisons are made between the results of the proposed method and exact solutions. Analysis results show that homotopy analysis method is a powerful and easy-to-use analytic tool to solve systems of differential-difference equations.
文摘The seismic safety of nuclear power plan(tNPP)has always been a major consideration in the site selection,design,operation,and more recently recertification of existing installations. In addition to the actual NPP and all their operational and safety related support systems,the storage of spent fuel in temporary or permanent storage facilities also poses a seismic risk. This seismic risk is typically assessed with state-of-the-art modeling and analytical tools that capture everything from the ground rupture or source of the earthquake to the site specific ground shaking,taking geotechnical parameters and soilfoundationstructureinteraction (SFSI) into account to the non-linear structural response of the reactor core,the containment structure,the core cooling system and the emergency cooling system(s),to support systems,piping systems and non-structural components,and finally the performance of spent fuel storage in the probabilistically determined operational basis earthquake (OBE) or the safe shutdown earthquake (SSE) scenario. The best and most meaningful validation and verification of these advanced analytical tools is in the form of full or very large scale experimental testing,designed and conducted in direct support of model and analysis tool calibration. This paper outlines the principles under which such calibration testing should be conducted and illustrates with examples the kind of testing and parameter evaluation required.
文摘TCMs （traffic calming measures） are commonly installed in order to reduce speeds and volumes of traffic to acceptable levels and, thus, improve traffic safety as well as environmental impact when designed appropriately as a corridor or aerial implementation with proper spacing. Hence in many previous studies, their impact was mainly evaluated in scope of average and 85th percentile speed reduction. This paper presents and appraises the efficiency of calming measures of various types used in the city of Bialystok, Poland in terms of their influence zone. The assessment is based on speed profiles derived from individual test rides conducted with test vehicle equipped with GPS （global positioning system） data logger to obtain vehicle trajectory data. Speed measurements were conducted in vicinity of most commonly installed calming measures such as speed cameras, raised pedestrian crossing, raised intersection, speed bumps and speed cushion. The results reveal great differences within analysed devices and the usefulness of speed profiles in evaluation of their effectiveness. Speed bumps, most frequently used device in practice due to their low cost installation and speed reduction effectiveness, demonstrate lowest usefulness when influence zone is considered.
