针对中国北斗比GPS等其他导航系统独有的短报文双向通信功能,研发了适配北斗短报文信道的600 bit/s声码器。声码器采用正弦激励线性预测(sinusoidal excitation linear prediction,SELP)算法,实现了通信质量清晰的语音通信,并进一步设...针对中国北斗比GPS等其他导航系统独有的短报文双向通信功能,研发了适配北斗短报文信道的600 bit/s声码器。声码器采用正弦激励线性预测(sinusoidal excitation linear prediction,SELP)算法,实现了通信质量清晰的语音通信,并进一步设计了一种处理定位信息的坐标压缩算法,为语音编码数据提供了更大的传输空间。基于以上研究,实现了仅用北斗导航系统完成双向保密语音和定位同传的通信系统。该系统首先利用语音转换程序将声码器编解码模块获取的语音编码数据转换为北斗短报文数据格式;然后利用语音编码解析程序与经纬度解析程序从北斗短报文数据中解析出语音编码与位置信息;最后,在北斗短报文收发器上验证了语音通信与定位传输实验效果,主观MOS测试评分表明该研究为北斗短报文语音通信实用化铺平了道路。展开更多
In the present study with Tan sheep, small-tailed Han sheep, Hu sheep, Tong sheep, and Wadi sheep, we detected the distribution of gene frequency of several microsatellite sites in different chromosomes, the result sh...In the present study with Tan sheep, small-tailed Han sheep, Hu sheep, Tong sheep, and Wadi sheep, we detected the distribution of gene frequency of several microsatellite sites in different chromosomes, the result showed that: 1) Hu sheep was in the status of Hardy-Weinberg extreme disequilibrium (P 〈 0.01), while populations including Tong sheep, small-tailed Han sheep, Tan sheep, and Wadi sheep were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P 〉 0.05). 2) Variance analysis of the heterozygosity and poly- morphic information content at rnicrosatellite makers showed that there were not significant differences among populations as to heterozygosity and PIC (P 〉 0.05), as to effective number of alleles there were not significant differences both among Tan sheep, Hu sheep, Tong sheep, and Wadi sheep, and between Wadi sheep and small-tailed sheep (P 〉 0.05), but between the former three populations and the latter two populations, there were significant differences (0.01〈 P 〈0.05). The variation levels of small-tailed Han sheep was the highest in the five populations based on microsatellite maker data, subsequently followed by Wadi sheep, Tong sheep, Tan sheep, and then Hu sheep. 3) The phylogenetic relationships of the five sheep populations in this study did not meet the mechanism of isolation by distance, and the genetic differentiation relationships among five sheep populations were not closely linearly correlative with their geography distribution. Our findings supported related records in literature: The five populations originated on different time stage from the primogenitor population and communicated genetically with each other thereafter in the process of natural and artificial selection and on different ecological environment.展开更多
This study is based on the Tong sheep obtained by the random sampling method of typical colonies in the central area of Baishui County in Shaanxi Province, China. An investigation was undertaken to clarify the gene co...This study is based on the Tong sheep obtained by the random sampling method of typical colonies in the central area of Baishui County in Shaanxi Province, China. An investigation was undertaken to clarify the gene constitution of blood protein and nonprotein types of Tong sheep. Twelve genetic markers were examined by starch-gel electrophoresis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Polymorphism in Tong sheep was found at the following 10 loci, transferrin (Tf), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), leucine aminopeptidase (Lap), arylesterase (Ary-Es), hemoglobin-β (Hb-β), X-protein (X-p), carbonic anhydrase (CA), catalase (Cat), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and lysine (Ly), whereas, albumin (A1) and postalbumin (Po) loci were monomorphic. Genetic approach degree method and phylogenetic relationship clustering method were used to judge the origin and phylogenetic status of Tong sheep. Results from both methods maintained that Tong sheep belonged to the "Mongolia group", and Mongolia sheep was the origin of Tong sheep. This was also supported by the history of Tong sheep breeding. Compared to the phylogenetic relationship clustering method, the genetic approach degree method was more reliable for the extraction from East and South of Central Asia, and was more effective in reflecting the breeding course of Tong sheep.展开更多
Allozymes of eleven species of Megophryinae in China were examined electrophoretically to investigate genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Fourteen enzymes, presumptively coded by 24 loci were detected to...Allozymes of eleven species of Megophryinae in China were examined electrophoretically to investigate genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Fourteen enzymes, presumptively coded by 24 loci were detected to be variable. Gene frequencies of each population at each locus were presented. The commonly used measure of genetic diversity, the average heterozygosity (H) were calculated based on gene frequencies. The results indicated that Megophryinae had a high level of genetic diversity in amphibians, an average H of 0.18, ranging from 0.058 to 0.28. Nei's (1978) genetic distances(Nei's D) were calculated for all possible population pairs. A dendrogram of 13 populations representing 11 species, 3 genera of Megophryinae were derived and presented by using UPGMA, based on Nei' s D. The assignment of Ophryophryne as a distinct genus were supported by an average Nei's D of 1.4067 which separated O. microstoma from all other populations.Subdivision of Brachytarsophrys from Megophrys was not supported by this study. Within Megophrys, three groups were recognized: (1)M. lateralis, M. giganticus and M. longipes; (2)M. palpebralespineosa, M. boettgeri and M. parva;(3) M. minor and M. kuatunensis. Three populations of M. omeimontis were closely related and share a clade independent from all other Megophrys, and B. feae as well.展开更多
Oscillator IC technique is developed by combining injecting synchronization technique with a ring VCO.Using the technique,a novel 2 488GHz of monolithical integrated injected synchronized ring VCO (ISRVCO) is realize...Oscillator IC technique is developed by combining injecting synchronization technique with a ring VCO.Using the technique,a novel 2 488GHz of monolithical integrated injected synchronized ring VCO (ISRVCO) is realized in a standard 0 25μm CMOS process.The ISRVCO is characterized by the following performances: -100dBc /Hz@1MHz at free running frequency,-91 7dBc/Hz@10kHz when injection is locked.With the 3 3V of power supply,the tuning range is 150MHz and the locking range is 100MHz with 50m V p p signal injection.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a cooperative anti-interference spectrum sharing strategy with secondary user selection where the secondary system can gain spectrum access along with the primary system. Specifically, second...In this paper, we propose a cooperative anti-interference spectrum sharing strategy with secondary user selection where the secondary system can gain spectrum access along with the primary system. Specifically, secondary user and are selected to transmit the primary and secondary signal through different bandwidth in the second transmission slot which occupies fraction of the time. Thus, the primary and secondary systems will not interfere with each other. We study the joint optimization of time and bandwidth allocation such that the transmission rate of the secondary system is maximized, while guaranteeing the primary system to achieve its target rate. Simulation results confirm efficiency of the proposed spectrum sharing strategy, and the significant performance improvement of the cognitive system.展开更多
The study on seismic anisotropy is one of the difficult problems in the field of geophysics nowadays.As a method of ray theory,the seismic anisotropy ray tracing is an important means to study the anisotropic seismic ...The study on seismic anisotropy is one of the difficult problems in the field of geophysics nowadays.As a method of ray theory,the seismic anisotropy ray tracing is an important means to study the anisotropic seismic wave propagation. The traditional ray tracing system formulated in terms of elastic parameters in the anisotropy is more complicated than that in the isotropic case. Considering the difficulty,a kind of ray tracing system formulated in terms of phase velocity and group velocity is introduced. The new method is similar to the expressions for isotropic media,and avoids the trouble of determining the eigenvalue vector at each time. Besides the ray tracing numerical simulation of different models of vertical transversely isotropic( VTI) medium is carried out,in order to verify the accuracy and applicability of the method and further study the characteristics of wave field propagation in different VTI mediums. The study is certainly valuable in reference for later processing of the anisotropic seismic data.展开更多
Feedback plays an important role in various biological signal transmission systems. In this paper, a signaling cascade system(including three layers: input(S), intermediate(V), output(X) components) is employed to stu...Feedback plays an important role in various biological signal transmission systems. In this paper, a signaling cascade system(including three layers: input(S), intermediate(V), output(X) components) is employed to study the fluctuations and net synergy in information transmission, in which the V component is regulated by itself or the X component, and each feedback on V is either positive or negative. The Fano factor, the net synergy, and the signalto-noise ratio(SNR) of signaling cascade with the four possible feedback types are theoretically derived by using linear noise approximation of the master equation, and the ability of information transmission through the signaling cascade is characterized by using the partial information decomposition of information theory. It is found that the signaling cascade exhibits different responses to the four feedback mechanisms, which depend on the relationships between degradation rates of components. Our results not only clarify the dependence of the Fano factor, net synergy, and SNR on the feedback regulations with the varying of degradation rates of components, but also imply that living cells could utilize different feedback mechanisms to adapt to the external fluctuating environments.展开更多
In this paper, two delay differential systems are considered, namely, a famous model from mathematical biology about the spread of HIV viruses in blood and the advanced Lorenz system from mathematical physics. We then...In this paper, two delay differential systems are considered, namely, a famous model from mathematical biology about the spread of HIV viruses in blood and the advanced Lorenz system from mathematical physics. We then apply the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to find their approximate solutions. It turns out that the method gives rise to easily obtainable solutions. In addition, residual error functions of the solutions are graphed and it is shown that increasing the parameter n in the method improves the results in both cases.展开更多
文摘针对中国北斗比GPS等其他导航系统独有的短报文双向通信功能,研发了适配北斗短报文信道的600 bit/s声码器。声码器采用正弦激励线性预测(sinusoidal excitation linear prediction,SELP)算法,实现了通信质量清晰的语音通信,并进一步设计了一种处理定位信息的坐标压缩算法,为语音编码数据提供了更大的传输空间。基于以上研究,实现了仅用北斗导航系统完成双向保密语音和定位同传的通信系统。该系统首先利用语音转换程序将声码器编解码模块获取的语音编码数据转换为北斗短报文数据格式;然后利用语音编码解析程序与经纬度解析程序从北斗短报文数据中解析出语音编码与位置信息;最后,在北斗短报文收发器上验证了语音通信与定位传输实验效果,主观MOS测试评分表明该研究为北斗短报文语音通信实用化铺平了道路。
基金This work was supported by the International Cooperation Item of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30213009, 30310103007, 30410103150)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK2007556)+1 种基金Basic Natura Science Foundation for Colleges and Universities Jiangsu Province (No. NK051039, 06KJD230203)the New Century Talent Project of Yangzhou University in China.
文摘In the present study with Tan sheep, small-tailed Han sheep, Hu sheep, Tong sheep, and Wadi sheep, we detected the distribution of gene frequency of several microsatellite sites in different chromosomes, the result showed that: 1) Hu sheep was in the status of Hardy-Weinberg extreme disequilibrium (P 〈 0.01), while populations including Tong sheep, small-tailed Han sheep, Tan sheep, and Wadi sheep were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P 〉 0.05). 2) Variance analysis of the heterozygosity and poly- morphic information content at rnicrosatellite makers showed that there were not significant differences among populations as to heterozygosity and PIC (P 〉 0.05), as to effective number of alleles there were not significant differences both among Tan sheep, Hu sheep, Tong sheep, and Wadi sheep, and between Wadi sheep and small-tailed sheep (P 〉 0.05), but between the former three populations and the latter two populations, there were significant differences (0.01〈 P 〈0.05). The variation levels of small-tailed Han sheep was the highest in the five populations based on microsatellite maker data, subsequently followed by Wadi sheep, Tong sheep, Tan sheep, and then Hu sheep. 3) The phylogenetic relationships of the five sheep populations in this study did not meet the mechanism of isolation by distance, and the genetic differentiation relationships among five sheep populations were not closely linearly correlative with their geography distribution. Our findings supported related records in literature: The five populations originated on different time stage from the primogenitor population and communicated genetically with each other thereafter in the process of natural and artificial selection and on different ecological environment.
基金the International Cooperation Item of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30213009, 30310103007, 30410103150)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK2007556)+1 种基金Basic Natura Science Foundation for Colleges and Universities Jiangsu Province (No. NK051039) the New Century Talent Project of Yangzhou University in China.
文摘This study is based on the Tong sheep obtained by the random sampling method of typical colonies in the central area of Baishui County in Shaanxi Province, China. An investigation was undertaken to clarify the gene constitution of blood protein and nonprotein types of Tong sheep. Twelve genetic markers were examined by starch-gel electrophoresis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Polymorphism in Tong sheep was found at the following 10 loci, transferrin (Tf), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), leucine aminopeptidase (Lap), arylesterase (Ary-Es), hemoglobin-β (Hb-β), X-protein (X-p), carbonic anhydrase (CA), catalase (Cat), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and lysine (Ly), whereas, albumin (A1) and postalbumin (Po) loci were monomorphic. Genetic approach degree method and phylogenetic relationship clustering method were used to judge the origin and phylogenetic status of Tong sheep. Results from both methods maintained that Tong sheep belonged to the "Mongolia group", and Mongolia sheep was the origin of Tong sheep. This was also supported by the history of Tong sheep breeding. Compared to the phylogenetic relationship clustering method, the genetic approach degree method was more reliable for the extraction from East and South of Central Asia, and was more effective in reflecting the breeding course of Tong sheep.
基金This work was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Allozymes of eleven species of Megophryinae in China were examined electrophoretically to investigate genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Fourteen enzymes, presumptively coded by 24 loci were detected to be variable. Gene frequencies of each population at each locus were presented. The commonly used measure of genetic diversity, the average heterozygosity (H) were calculated based on gene frequencies. The results indicated that Megophryinae had a high level of genetic diversity in amphibians, an average H of 0.18, ranging from 0.058 to 0.28. Nei's (1978) genetic distances(Nei's D) were calculated for all possible population pairs. A dendrogram of 13 populations representing 11 species, 3 genera of Megophryinae were derived and presented by using UPGMA, based on Nei' s D. The assignment of Ophryophryne as a distinct genus were supported by an average Nei's D of 1.4067 which separated O. microstoma from all other populations.Subdivision of Brachytarsophrys from Megophrys was not supported by this study. Within Megophrys, three groups were recognized: (1)M. lateralis, M. giganticus and M. longipes; (2)M. palpebralespineosa, M. boettgeri and M. parva;(3) M. minor and M. kuatunensis. Three populations of M. omeimontis were closely related and share a clade independent from all other Megophrys, and B. feae as well.
文摘Oscillator IC technique is developed by combining injecting synchronization technique with a ring VCO.Using the technique,a novel 2 488GHz of monolithical integrated injected synchronized ring VCO (ISRVCO) is realized in a standard 0 25μm CMOS process.The ISRVCO is characterized by the following performances: -100dBc /Hz@1MHz at free running frequency,-91 7dBc/Hz@10kHz when injection is locked.With the 3 3V of power supply,the tuning range is 150MHz and the locking range is 100MHz with 50m V p p signal injection.
基金supported by China National Science Foundation under Grand No. 61402416Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant No. LQ14F010003+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant No. BK20140828the Scientific Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of State Education Ministry
文摘In this paper, we propose a cooperative anti-interference spectrum sharing strategy with secondary user selection where the secondary system can gain spectrum access along with the primary system. Specifically, secondary user and are selected to transmit the primary and secondary signal through different bandwidth in the second transmission slot which occupies fraction of the time. Thus, the primary and secondary systems will not interfere with each other. We study the joint optimization of time and bandwidth allocation such that the transmission rate of the secondary system is maximized, while guaranteeing the primary system to achieve its target rate. Simulation results confirm efficiency of the proposed spectrum sharing strategy, and the significant performance improvement of the cognitive system.
文摘The study on seismic anisotropy is one of the difficult problems in the field of geophysics nowadays.As a method of ray theory,the seismic anisotropy ray tracing is an important means to study the anisotropic seismic wave propagation. The traditional ray tracing system formulated in terms of elastic parameters in the anisotropy is more complicated than that in the isotropic case. Considering the difficulty,a kind of ray tracing system formulated in terms of phase velocity and group velocity is introduced. The new method is similar to the expressions for isotropic media,and avoids the trouble of determining the eigenvalue vector at each time. Besides the ray tracing numerical simulation of different models of vertical transversely isotropic( VTI) medium is carried out,in order to verify the accuracy and applicability of the method and further study the characteristics of wave field propagation in different VTI mediums. The study is certainly valuable in reference for later processing of the anisotropic seismic data.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11775091 and 11474117
文摘Feedback plays an important role in various biological signal transmission systems. In this paper, a signaling cascade system(including three layers: input(S), intermediate(V), output(X) components) is employed to study the fluctuations and net synergy in information transmission, in which the V component is regulated by itself or the X component, and each feedback on V is either positive or negative. The Fano factor, the net synergy, and the signalto-noise ratio(SNR) of signaling cascade with the four possible feedback types are theoretically derived by using linear noise approximation of the master equation, and the ability of information transmission through the signaling cascade is characterized by using the partial information decomposition of information theory. It is found that the signaling cascade exhibits different responses to the four feedback mechanisms, which depend on the relationships between degradation rates of components. Our results not only clarify the dependence of the Fano factor, net synergy, and SNR on the feedback regulations with the varying of degradation rates of components, but also imply that living cells could utilize different feedback mechanisms to adapt to the external fluctuating environments.
文摘In this paper, two delay differential systems are considered, namely, a famous model from mathematical biology about the spread of HIV viruses in blood and the advanced Lorenz system from mathematical physics. We then apply the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to find their approximate solutions. It turns out that the method gives rise to easily obtainable solutions. In addition, residual error functions of the solutions are graphed and it is shown that increasing the parameter n in the method improves the results in both cases.