Pinus squamata X. W. Li, a recently-described species of the Pinaceae, is an extremely endangered pine with only 32 individuals in the wild. This species was thought to be intermediate between P. bungeana Zuec. ex End...Pinus squamata X. W. Li, a recently-described species of the Pinaceae, is an extremely endangered pine with only 32 individuals in the wild. This species was thought to be intermediate between P. bungeana Zuec. ex Endl. of subgen. Strobus and P. yunnanensis Franch. of subgen. Pinus by the original author. We made an effort to address the question of the phylogenetic relationship of this peculiar and important species in the context of the major groups of the genus Pinus by using sequences of the rbcL, matK,genes, rpl20-rps18 spacer, trnV intron of the chloroplast genome and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. The results of the separated analysis and the combined analysis of the four cpDNA sequences and ITS sequence indicated that P. squamata was a stable member of subsect. Gerardianae and P. gerardiana Wall. was the closest species of P. squamata phylogenetically. As a result, the causes of the distribution pattern of subsect. Gerardianae were also discussed.展开更多
This thesis makes an analysis of the influence of the implementation of university personnel agency on three participators of universities, agency, and agency personnel. It is pointed out those personnel agency of the...This thesis makes an analysis of the influence of the implementation of university personnel agency on three participators of universities, agency, and agency personnel. It is pointed out those personnel agency of the current period is mainly transforming fi＇om ＂personnel relations agency＂ to ＂household register relation affiliation＂ in terms of initial system design intention. Finally, it proposes that we should further improve the existing university personnel agency system, so as to eliminate the adverse effects on all parties.展开更多
How should we define the ethics of information technology？ It is not a new field of study in the sense that it requires an entirely new ethical thinking. Rather, it is a field where we can try to use our traditional ...How should we define the ethics of information technology？ It is not a new field of study in the sense that it requires an entirely new ethical thinking. Rather, it is a field where we can try to use our traditional philosophical notions and apply them to this field of computer technology, information science, and knowledge society in order to define responsibility and accountability. Although relations of causalities may be blurred and complex because of the auto-poetic development of computers and information systems we may still have to face the fact that human beings are fundamentally responsible behind the responsibilities of the computers. So we can say that the concept of reliability and accountability is related to human responsibility in the field of Internet technology. Indeed, issues of hacking, viruses and intervention in computers also pose the problems of responsibility and violation of property and copyrights and here we face similar issues as when we talk about physical property rights although what happens is going on in cyberspace. Also we face fundamental problems about transparency, power and democracy of society as the result of the information revolution in knowledge. This shows how it becomes more and more difficult for governments and organizations to hide information and that information is becoming more and more public. We can also talk about the present development as a technology-driven information revolution in knowledge society. The information overload is a result of this revolution that is expressed in the Internet and that changes the relation of human beings to society where human beings need to access information technology and tools in order to be able to live and work in society.展开更多
Discrete Global Grid Systems(DGGSs) are spatial references that use a hierarchical tessellation of cells to partition and address the entire globe. They provide an organizational structure that permits fast integratio...Discrete Global Grid Systems(DGGSs) are spatial references that use a hierarchical tessellation of cells to partition and address the entire globe. They provide an organizational structure that permits fast integration between multiple sources of large and variable geospatial data sufficient for visualization and analysis. Despite a significant body of research supporting hexagonal DGGSs as the superior choice, the application thereof has been hindered owing in part to the lack of a rational hierarchy with an efficient addressing system. This paper presents an algebraic model of encoding scheme for the Aperture 3 Hexagonal(A3H) DGGS. Firstly, the definition of a grid cell, which is composed of vertices, edges, and a center, is introduced to describe fundamental elements of grids. Secondly, by identifying the grid cell with its center, this paper proves that cell centers at different levels can be represented exactly using a mixed positional number system in the complex plane through the recursive geometric relationship between two successive levels, which reveals that grid cells are essentially special complex radix numbers. Thirdly, it is shown that through the recursive geometric relationship of successive odd or even levels, the mixed positional number system can also be applied to uniquely represent cell centers at different levels under specific constraint conditions, according to which the encoding scheme is designed. Finally, it is shown that by extending the scheme to 20 triangular faces of the regular icosahedron,multi-resolution grids on closed surfaces of the icosahedron are addressed perfectly. Contrast experiments show that the proposed encoding scheme has the advantages of theoretical rigor and high programming efficiency and that the efficiency of cross-face adjacent cell searching is 242.9 times that of a similar scheme. Moreover, the proposed complex radix number representation is an ideal formalized description tool for grid systems. The research ideas introduced herein can be used to create a universal theoretical framework for DGGSs.展开更多
The three mainstream International Relations theories that have arisen in the past thirty years, structural realism, neo-liberal institutionalism and structural constructivism, have all missed an important dimension, ...The three mainstream International Relations theories that have arisen in the past thirty years, structural realism, neo-liberal institutionalism and structural constructivism, have all missed an important dimension, i.e., the study relational complexity in international society. of processes in the international system and of This paper, informed by social constructivism and Chinese philosophical traditions, aims to make up for this missing link and develop a theoretical model of processual constructivism by incorporating and conceptualizing two key Chinese ideas - processes and relations. ＂Process,＂ defined as relations in motion, can stand on its own, has its own dynamics, and plays a crucial role in international relations. The core of process, by definition, consists in relations. If ＂rationality,＂ rooted in individuality, has been a key concept for Western society, then its counterpart in Chinese society can be ＂relationality.＂ Conceptualizing relationality and treating it as the theoretical hard core, processual constructivism holds that relational networking in international society helps nation-states form their identities and produces international power. Processual constructivism is an evolution theory at systemic level, focusing on interactive practices among states and emphasizing the independent ontology of social processes which play a meaningful role in constructing international norms and state identities.展开更多
Energy flow drives the complex systems to evolve.The allometric scaling as the universalenergy flow pattern has been found in different scales of ecological systems.It reflects the generalpower law relationship betwee...Energy flow drives the complex systems to evolve.The allometric scaling as the universalenergy flow pattern has been found in different scales of ecological systems.It reflects the generalpower law relationship between flow and store.The underlying mechanisms of energy flow patterns areexplained as the branching transportation networks which can be regarded as the result of systematicoptimization of a biological target under constraints.Energy flows in the ecological system may bemodelled by the food web model and population dynamics on the network.This paper reviews thelatest progress on the energy flow patterns,explanatory models for the allometric scaling and modellingapproach of flow and network evolution dynamics in ecology.Furthermore,the possibility of generalizingthese flow patterns,modelling approaches to other complex systems is discussed.展开更多
In this paper, it is proved that the correlation dimension estimate of a nonlinear dynamical system with its multivariate observation series is the same as that with its univariate observation series. Based on this re...In this paper, it is proved that the correlation dimension estimate of a nonlinear dynamical system with its multivariate observation series is the same as that with its univariate observation series. Based on this result, an inference method is presented, and the Nonlinear Dependence Coefficient is defined. This method is designed for testing nonlinear dependence between time series, and can be used in economic analysis and forecasting. Numerical results show the method is effective.展开更多
文摘Pinus squamata X. W. Li, a recently-described species of the Pinaceae, is an extremely endangered pine with only 32 individuals in the wild. This species was thought to be intermediate between P. bungeana Zuec. ex Endl. of subgen. Strobus and P. yunnanensis Franch. of subgen. Pinus by the original author. We made an effort to address the question of the phylogenetic relationship of this peculiar and important species in the context of the major groups of the genus Pinus by using sequences of the rbcL, matK,genes, rpl20-rps18 spacer, trnV intron of the chloroplast genome and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. The results of the separated analysis and the combined analysis of the four cpDNA sequences and ITS sequence indicated that P. squamata was a stable member of subsect. Gerardianae and P. gerardiana Wall. was the closest species of P. squamata phylogenetically. As a result, the causes of the distribution pattern of subsect. Gerardianae were also discussed.
文摘This thesis makes an analysis of the influence of the implementation of university personnel agency on three participators of universities, agency, and agency personnel. It is pointed out those personnel agency of the current period is mainly transforming fi＇om ＂personnel relations agency＂ to ＂household register relation affiliation＂ in terms of initial system design intention. Finally, it proposes that we should further improve the existing university personnel agency system, so as to eliminate the adverse effects on all parties.
文摘How should we define the ethics of information technology？ It is not a new field of study in the sense that it requires an entirely new ethical thinking. Rather, it is a field where we can try to use our traditional philosophical notions and apply them to this field of computer technology, information science, and knowledge society in order to define responsibility and accountability. Although relations of causalities may be blurred and complex because of the auto-poetic development of computers and information systems we may still have to face the fact that human beings are fundamentally responsible behind the responsibilities of the computers. So we can say that the concept of reliability and accountability is related to human responsibility in the field of Internet technology. Indeed, issues of hacking, viruses and intervention in computers also pose the problems of responsibility and violation of property and copyrights and here we face similar issues as when we talk about physical property rights although what happens is going on in cyberspace. Also we face fundamental problems about transparency, power and democracy of society as the result of the information revolution in knowledge. This shows how it becomes more and more difficult for governments and organizations to hide information and that information is becoming more and more public. We can also talk about the present development as a technology-driven information revolution in knowledge society. The information overload is a result of this revolution that is expressed in the Internet and that changes the relation of human beings to society where human beings need to access information technology and tools in order to be able to live and work in society.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41671410)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2013T60161)the Excellent Young Scholar Foundation of Information Engineering University (Grant No. 2016610802)
文摘Discrete Global Grid Systems(DGGSs) are spatial references that use a hierarchical tessellation of cells to partition and address the entire globe. They provide an organizational structure that permits fast integration between multiple sources of large and variable geospatial data sufficient for visualization and analysis. Despite a significant body of research supporting hexagonal DGGSs as the superior choice, the application thereof has been hindered owing in part to the lack of a rational hierarchy with an efficient addressing system. This paper presents an algebraic model of encoding scheme for the Aperture 3 Hexagonal(A3H) DGGS. Firstly, the definition of a grid cell, which is composed of vertices, edges, and a center, is introduced to describe fundamental elements of grids. Secondly, by identifying the grid cell with its center, this paper proves that cell centers at different levels can be represented exactly using a mixed positional number system in the complex plane through the recursive geometric relationship between two successive levels, which reveals that grid cells are essentially special complex radix numbers. Thirdly, it is shown that through the recursive geometric relationship of successive odd or even levels, the mixed positional number system can also be applied to uniquely represent cell centers at different levels under specific constraint conditions, according to which the encoding scheme is designed. Finally, it is shown that by extending the scheme to 20 triangular faces of the regular icosahedron,multi-resolution grids on closed surfaces of the icosahedron are addressed perfectly. Contrast experiments show that the proposed encoding scheme has the advantages of theoretical rigor and high programming efficiency and that the efficiency of cross-face adjacent cell searching is 242.9 times that of a similar scheme. Moreover, the proposed complex radix number representation is an ideal formalized description tool for grid systems. The research ideas introduced herein can be used to create a universal theoretical framework for DGGSs.
文摘The three mainstream International Relations theories that have arisen in the past thirty years, structural realism, neo-liberal institutionalism and structural constructivism, have all missed an important dimension, i.e., the study relational complexity in international society. of processes in the international system and of This paper, informed by social constructivism and Chinese philosophical traditions, aims to make up for this missing link and develop a theoretical model of processual constructivism by incorporating and conceptualizing two key Chinese ideas - processes and relations. ＂Process,＂ defined as relations in motion, can stand on its own, has its own dynamics, and plays a crucial role in international relations. The core of process, by definition, consists in relations. If ＂rationality,＂ rooted in individuality, has been a key concept for Western society, then its counterpart in Chinese society can be ＂relationality.＂ Conceptualizing relationality and treating it as the theoretical hard core, processual constructivism holds that relational networking in international society helps nation-states form their identities and produces international power. Processual constructivism is an evolution theory at systemic level, focusing on interactive practices among states and emphasizing the independent ontology of social processes which play a meaningful role in constructing international norms and state identities.
基金supported by Guozhi Xu Post Doctoral Research Foundationthe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60574068.
文摘Energy flow drives the complex systems to evolve.The allometric scaling as the universalenergy flow pattern has been found in different scales of ecological systems.It reflects the generalpower law relationship between flow and store.The underlying mechanisms of energy flow patterns areexplained as the branching transportation networks which can be regarded as the result of systematicoptimization of a biological target under constraints.Energy flows in the ecological system may bemodelled by the food web model and population dynamics on the network.This paper reviews thelatest progress on the energy flow patterns,explanatory models for the allometric scaling and modellingapproach of flow and network evolution dynamics in ecology.Furthermore,the possibility of generalizingthese flow patterns,modelling approaches to other complex systems is discussed.
文摘In this paper, it is proved that the correlation dimension estimate of a nonlinear dynamical system with its multivariate observation series is the same as that with its univariate observation series. Based on this result, an inference method is presented, and the Nonlinear Dependence Coefficient is defined. This method is designed for testing nonlinear dependence between time series, and can be used in economic analysis and forecasting. Numerical results show the method is effective.
