Northeast India has a good deposit of sub-bituminous tertiary coal. The northeast Indian coals have unusual physico-chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, volatile matter and vitrinite content, and low ash cont...Northeast India has a good deposit of sub-bituminous tertiary coal. The northeast Indian coals have unusual physico-chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, volatile matter and vitrinite content, and low ash content. In addition, many environmental sensitive organic and mineral bound elements such as Fe, Mg, Bi, AI, V, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Mn etc. remain enriched in these coals. Such characteristics are associated with more severe environmental impacts due to mining and its utilization in coal based industries. Environmental challenges include large scale landscape damage, soil erosion, loss of forest ecosystem and wildlife habitat, air, water and soil pollution. Several physical and chemical methods are reported in literature for the removal of mineral matter, total sulfur and different forms of sulfur from high sulfur coal in northeast India. This paper may help different researchers and stakeholders to understand current state of research in the field. Initiatives may be taken towards sustainable use of coal resources by adopting innovative clean technologies and by implementing effective control measures and regulatory policies.展开更多
Forest is a composite renewable natural resource of multiple values to mankind. Over the years in Nigeria, government has been the sole player in the management of forest resources at the exclusion of the neighbouring...Forest is a composite renewable natural resource of multiple values to mankind. Over the years in Nigeria, government has been the sole player in the management of forest resources at the exclusion of the neighbouring forest-dependent communities to forest estates. The consequences of the monopolistic management are widespread illegal and destructive lumbering, degradation, deforestation and varying ecological disasters. This paper, therefore, discusses strategies that could facilitate and foster participatory sustainable forest management which include formulation of people-orientated forest policies and laws, creation of public awareness, stakeholders＇ consultation, training and capacity building, provision of incentives and creation of market channels for forest products. The aim is to underscore the potency of people-based forest management system, which considers the peoples＇ interest and welfare while ensuring effective conservation of forest resources. The method adopted is a review and appraisal of the prevailing situations. It is recommended that mass mobilization for participation in sustainable forest resources management and creation of enabling environment for organized private-sector involvement in forest resources activities could engender rapid development in forestry sub-sector of Nigerian economy.展开更多
Urban biodiversity is now recognized as playing a critical role in supporting global biodiversity.However,it is important to note that biodiversity is a systematic and holistic concept and prior studies have not gener...Urban biodiversity is now recognized as playing a critical role in supporting global biodiversity.However,it is important to note that biodiversity is a systematic and holistic concept and prior studies have not generally focused on cross-border or multi-scale management problems.On one hand,the ecosystems of cities are interconnected with adjacent cities by natural landscapes,so they are like mosaics instead of being isolated.Urban biodiversity research demands the consideration of the continuity within an ecosystem.On the other hand,both active protection and passive restoration strategies for urban biodiversity should not only be developed by researchers or municipal government agencies,but more importantly,they should consider the real ecosystem management problems faced by multi-scale departments in order to build a practicable Pressure-State-Response(PSR)model.The solutions for these issues should be included in the analysis to form a complete and more effective urban biodiversity strategy.The study in this paper offers an answer to whether different scales of cities or districts should adopt the same biodiversity strategy;and therefore,the decision depends on whether the places are of the same importance to the global or regional ecosystem,or whether the ecological elements are connected to the adjacent cities/districts and the problems that multiple stakeholders care about.展开更多
文摘Northeast India has a good deposit of sub-bituminous tertiary coal. The northeast Indian coals have unusual physico-chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, volatile matter and vitrinite content, and low ash content. In addition, many environmental sensitive organic and mineral bound elements such as Fe, Mg, Bi, AI, V, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Mn etc. remain enriched in these coals. Such characteristics are associated with more severe environmental impacts due to mining and its utilization in coal based industries. Environmental challenges include large scale landscape damage, soil erosion, loss of forest ecosystem and wildlife habitat, air, water and soil pollution. Several physical and chemical methods are reported in literature for the removal of mineral matter, total sulfur and different forms of sulfur from high sulfur coal in northeast India. This paper may help different researchers and stakeholders to understand current state of research in the field. Initiatives may be taken towards sustainable use of coal resources by adopting innovative clean technologies and by implementing effective control measures and regulatory policies.
文摘Forest is a composite renewable natural resource of multiple values to mankind. Over the years in Nigeria, government has been the sole player in the management of forest resources at the exclusion of the neighbouring forest-dependent communities to forest estates. The consequences of the monopolistic management are widespread illegal and destructive lumbering, degradation, deforestation and varying ecological disasters. This paper, therefore, discusses strategies that could facilitate and foster participatory sustainable forest management which include formulation of people-orientated forest policies and laws, creation of public awareness, stakeholders＇ consultation, training and capacity building, provision of incentives and creation of market channels for forest products. The aim is to underscore the potency of people-based forest management system, which considers the peoples＇ interest and welfare while ensuring effective conservation of forest resources. The method adopted is a review and appraisal of the prevailing situations. It is recommended that mass mobilization for participation in sustainable forest resources management and creation of enabling environment for organized private-sector involvement in forest resources activities could engender rapid development in forestry sub-sector of Nigerian economy.
基金The International Cooperation Projects of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee of China(GJHZ20190822173805220)The International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform Construction Project from China Association for Science and Technology(2021ZZGJB071545).
文摘Urban biodiversity is now recognized as playing a critical role in supporting global biodiversity.However,it is important to note that biodiversity is a systematic and holistic concept and prior studies have not generally focused on cross-border or multi-scale management problems.On one hand,the ecosystems of cities are interconnected with adjacent cities by natural landscapes,so they are like mosaics instead of being isolated.Urban biodiversity research demands the consideration of the continuity within an ecosystem.On the other hand,both active protection and passive restoration strategies for urban biodiversity should not only be developed by researchers or municipal government agencies,but more importantly,they should consider the real ecosystem management problems faced by multi-scale departments in order to build a practicable Pressure-State-Response(PSR)model.The solutions for these issues should be included in the analysis to form a complete and more effective urban biodiversity strategy.The study in this paper offers an answer to whether different scales of cities or districts should adopt the same biodiversity strategy;and therefore,the decision depends on whether the places are of the same importance to the global or regional ecosystem,or whether the ecological elements are connected to the adjacent cities/districts and the problems that multiple stakeholders care about.
