策划科学发展的生长点──系统策划

本文阐述了系统策划出现的必然性及系统策划与系统工程的关系，提出了系统策划的内容及其运行的结构形式，并指出了系统策划的发展前景。

DSS Scheme for Operation Optimization Problem on Power Plants

Based on the target analysis of the operation optimization for power plants, a novel system scheme called operation optimization decision support system (OODSS) is brought forward. According to the structure and design thinking of decision support system (DSS), the overall structure of the OODSS is studied, and the scheme of the sub systems in the OODSS such as the user interface system, the problem processing system, the database system, the model base system, the expert system (ES) and the data mining sy...

Integration Interval Determination and Decision Threshold Optimization for Improved TRPC-UWB Communication Systems

Integration interval and decision threshold issues were investigated for improved transmitted reference pulse cluster （iTRPC-） ultra-wideband （UWB） systems. Our analysis shows that the bit error rate （BER） performance of iTRPC-UWB systems can be significantly improved via integration interval determination （IID） and decision threshold optimization. For this purpose, two modifications can be made at the autocorrelation receiver as follows. Firstly, the liD processing is performed for autocorrelation operation to capture multi-path energy as much as possible. Secondly, adaptive decision threshold （ADT） instead of zero decision threshold （ZDT）, is used as estimated optimal decision threshold for symbol detection. Performance of iTRPCUWB systems using liD and ADT was evaluated in realistic IEEE 802.15.4a UWB channel models and the simulation results demonstrated our theoretical analysis.

Adaptive Optimal Control of Space Tether System for Payload Capture via Policy Iteration

The libration control problem of space tether system(STS)for post-capture of payload is studied.The process of payload capture will cause tether swing and deviation from the nominal position,resulting in the failure of capture mission.Due to unknown inertial parameters after capturing the payload,an adaptive optimal control based on policy iteration is developed to stabilize the uncertain dynamic system in the post-capture phase.By introducing integral reinforcement learning(IRL)scheme,the algebraic Riccati equation(ARE)can be online solved without known dynamics.To avoid computational burden from iteration equations,the online implementation of policy iteration algorithm is provided by the least-squares solution method.Finally,the effectiveness of the algorithm is validated by numerical simulations.

Changes of Mobile Internet Ecosystem Structure and Suggestions for Regulatory Policy

The mobile Intemet industry has exp- erienced dramatic changes as plenty of new applications and business models emerged. This study conducts a qualitative review on the changes through adopting business ecosystem approaches. An analytical framework is estab- lished for reviewing the structure of mobile Internet business ecosystem. Then the core value, key actors, and inter-firm relationships of the mobile Internet ecosystem in the past and in the present are compared. It is found that the ecosystem structure has shifted from an MNO-centric model to a polycentric one with highly expanded value sources and di- versified keystone players. Accordingly some suggestions for regulatory policy makers are provided in terms of the roles of mobile Inter- net in social welfare improvement, the call for a convergent regulatory system, and chal- lenges for information security regulation.

Dptimizing Thermal Energy Storage Systems in the Hospitality Industry

Building energy analyses using forecasting optimization strategies are commonly used for predicting TES （thermal energy storage） system performance. These strategies produce perfect optimized cost savings and are not typically realized in the real world, unless a safety factor is applied. Rather than show how to improve the industry＇s ability to accurately model and simulate a true TES system design, this paper will show advanced building information strategies and energy management simulation techniques required to truly achieve the ideal optimized cost savings, determined from the TES energy simulation analysis. This paper uses the hospitality industry as a case study, showing the application of simulation and analytical modeling for an optimized partial TES system. As a result building energy managers can make better decisions through the entire building life cycle from the earliest concept model through operation and maintenance.

Control strategy of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in SBR system

The influence of main process parameters on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） in a sequencing batch reactor （SBR） were investigated while treating actual municipal sewage. The influent average concentration of CODcr and total nitrogen was 350mg-L-l and 35mg.L-l. The experiment indicated the following four operation control strategies： （1） When operation cycle was 6 hours, oxidation of organic pollutants and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification could well completed in the SBR reactor; （2） TN removal rate could be increased significantly, 40% higher than traditional SBR processes when idle period was set between influent and aeration; （3） The time of idle period could affect simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and the best time is 30 minutes; （4） Increase of sludge organic load may improve TN removal efficiency, but NH3-N removal efficiency declines.

A New Approach for Knowledge Discovery in Distributed Databases Using Fragmented Data Storage Model

Since the early 1990, significant progress in database technology has provided new platform for emerging new dimensions of data engineering. New models were introduced to utilize the data sets stored in the new generations of databases. These models have a deep impact on evolving decision-support systems. But they suffer a variety of practical problems while accessing real-world data sources. Specifically a type of data storage model based on data distribution theory has been increasingly used in recent years by large-scale enterprises, while it is not compatible with existing decision-support models. This data storage model stores the data in different geographical sites where they are more regularly accessed. This leads to considerably less inter-site data transfer that can reduce data security issues in some circumstances and also significantly improve data manipulation transactions speed. The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach for supporting proactive decision-making that utilizes a workable data source management methodology. The new model can effectively organize and use complex data sources, even when they are distributed in different sites in a fragmented form. At the same time, the new model provides a very high level of intellectual management decision-support by intelligent use of the data collections through utilizing new smart methods in synthesizing useful knowledge. The results of an empirical study to evaluate the model are provided.

Collaboration strategy for software dynamic evolution of multi-agent system

As the ability of a single agent is limited while information and resources in multi-agent systems are distributed, cooperation is necessary for agents to accomplish a complex task. In the open and changeable environment on the Internet, it is of great significance to research a system flexible and capable in dynamic evolution that can find a collaboration method for agents which can be used in dynamic evolution process. With such a method, agents accomplish tasks for an overall target and at the same time, the collaborative relationship of agents can be adjusted with the change of environment. A method of task decomposition and collaboration of agents by improved contract net protocol is introduced. Finally, analysis on the result of the experiments is performed to verify the improved contract net protocol can greatly increase the efficiency of communication and collaboration in multi-agent system.

Research on Optimization Operation of Urban Gas Pipeline Network

The optimiz at ion operation of gas pipeline network is investigated in this paper. Based on th e theories of system optimization and the multi object decision, a mathematical model about the multi object optimization operation of gas pipeline network is established, in line with the demand of urban gas pipeline network operation. A t the same time, an effective solution of the mathematical model is presented. A calculating software about optimization operation is compiled, coupling the actual operation of gas pipeline network. It can be applied to the operation of the gas pipeline network. The software was examined by real examples. The resul ts indicated that 2.13% energy consumption and 3.12% gas supply cost can be reduced through optimization operation.

Attitude control allocation strategy of high altitude airship based on synthetic performance optimization

This paper presents a method for solving the attitude control problem of high altitude airship (HAA) with aerodynamic fin and vectored thruster control. The algorithm is based on the synthetic optimization of dynamic performance and energy consumption of airship. Firstly, according to the system overall configuration, the dynamic model of HAA was established and the HAA linearized model of longitudinal plane motion was obtained. Secondly, using the classic PID control theory, the HAA attitude control system was designed. Thirdly, through analyzing the dynamic performance of airship with fin or vectored thruster control, the synthetic performance index function with different weighting functions was determined. By means of optimizing the obtained performance index function, the attitude control of high altitude airship with good dynamic performance and low energy consumption was achieved. Finally, attitude control allocation strategy was designed for the airship station keeping at an altitude of 22 km. The simulation experiment proved the validity of the proposed algorithm.

Evaluation and Optimization of the Mixed Redundancy Strategy in Cloud-Based Systems

Mixed redundancy strategies are generally used in cloud-based systems,with different node switch mechanisms from traditional fault-tolerant strategies.Existing studies often concentrate on optimizing a single strategy in cloud computing environment and ignore the impact of mixed redundancy strategies.Therefore,a model is proposed to evaluate and optimize the reliability and performance of cloud-based degraded systems subject to a mixed active and cold standby redundancy strategy.In this strategy,node switching is triggered by a continual monitoring and detection mechanism when active nodes fail.To evaluate the transient availability and the expected job completion rate of systems with such kind of strategy,a continuous-time Markov chain model is built on the state transition process and a numerical method is used to solve the model.To choose the optimal redundancy for the mixed strategy under system constraints,a greedy search algorithm is proposed after sensitivity analysis.Illustrative examples were presented to explain the process of calculating the transient probability of each system state and in turn,the availability and performance of the whole system.It was shown that the near-optimal redundancy solution could be obtained using the optimizationmethod.The comparison with optimization of the traditional mixed redundancy strategy proved that the system behavior was different using different kinds of mixed strategies and less redundancy was assigned for the new type of mixed strategy under the same system constraint.

Study on Water Pollution Control of Huaihe River and Countermeasures

Huaihe River is one of three major rivers in China with a large population and developed economy. By the 1970s, the water quality of Huaihe River was deteriorating daily and more than a hundred serious pollution accidents of water quality happened and caused the inestimable losses in the production, life and health of residents along the river and terribly damaged the ecological system of the river. Through the continuous large-scale treatment for more than 10 years, the deterioration of water quality in Huaihe River has been basically inhibited. Nevertheless, the water pollution in Huaihe River is, on the whole, still very serious for many reasons, including special climatic conditions, terrible lack of water resource, obsolete industrial structure and unsound management system for the river, etc. This essay deeply analyzes the rea- sons why the water pollution of Huaihe River is ＂chronic＂ and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures for how to continuously improve the water quality of the river. In the end, this essay argues that it still takes 30-50 years or even a longer period, even if every measures are implemented smoothly and strictly, to actually make the water of Huaihe River clean and gradually restore its normal ecological and environmental functions.

Study on load performance of electric motor system used in hybrid electric vehicle

The performance of the power assist, global optimization solved by dynamic programming （DP） method, Chery and Insight control strategies are analyzed using the mild parallel hybrid electric vehicle （PHEV） model based on Insight structure. The influence of the four control strategies to the load power of the electric motor system used on parallel hybrid electric vehicle is studied. It is found that 80 percent of the motor load power points are under 1/5 of the electric peak power. The motor load power of the power assist control strategy is distributed in the widest range during generating operation, and the motor load power of the global optimization control strategy has the smallest one.

Importance measure based optimal maintenance policy for deteriorating components

An optimal maintenance policy tor deteriorating components based on quasi renew-process model is presented. In this policy, the first N - 1 failures of a component are maintained by repairs and the N＇h failure is maintained by replacement. The policy takes replacement actions at component lev- el by considering the fact that more and more components are designed to be field replaceable and maintenance activities are setting free from system halt. Concerning system structure impact, impor- tance measure is employed in the optimization procedure which aims at maximizing the long-rnn prof- it per unit time. Two example series parallel systems are taken to illustrate the policy and it is proved to work well. According to importance analysis, components are classified into important ones and unimportant ones based on the system behavior under their failures. Simulation results show that the presented policy makes a clear distinction between them and takes effective mainte- nance actions to compensate the deteriorating of components.

A Decision Support System for Energy Trading and Portfolio Optimization

In the new competitive environment of the electricity market, risk analysis is a powerful tool to guide investors under both contract uncertainties and energy prices of the spot market. Moreover, simulation of spot price scenarios and evaluation of energy contracts performance, are also necessary to the decision maker, and in particular to the trader to foresee opportunities and possible threats in the trading activity. In this context, computational systems that allow what-if analysis, involving simulation of spot price, contract portfolio optimization and risk evaluation are rather important. This paper proposes a decision support system not only for solving the problem of contracts portfolio optimization, by using linear programming, but also to execute risks analysis of the contracts portfolio performance, with VaR and CVaR metrics. Realistic tests have demonstrated the efficiency of this system.

The Training and Culture Strategies in the CIMS Subject of China 863 Program(1986-2000)

Manpower is a key factor for the success of the CIMS Subject of China 863 Program. Many manpower strategies have been used in the CIMS Subject, which include elite strategies, training and practicing strategies, and culture strategies. This paper is mainly about the training and culture strategies such as to pay attention to the training and the practice of the technical team, and to form a fine CIMS culture.

Optimal design of coordination control strategy for distributed generation system

This paper presents a novel design procedure for optimizing the power distribution strategy in distributed generation system. A coordinating controller, responsible to distribute the total load power request among multiple DG units, is suggested based on the conception of hierarchical control structure in the dynamic system. The optimal control problem was formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem subject to set of constraints. The resulting problem was solved using the Kuhn-Tucker method. Computer simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can provide better efficiency in terms of reducing total costs compared to existing methods. In addition, the proposed optimal load distribution strategy can be easily implemented in real-time thanks to the simplicity of closed-form solutions.

Optimal Configuration for Distributed Generations in Micro-grid System Considering Diesel as the Main Control Source

This paper proposes an optimal configuration of the distributed hybrid renewable generations based on the stand-alone micro-grid system, considering the diesel as the main control source. Due to the natural sources and load of user changes randomly and the non-tinearity of the power output by renewable generations, an intelligent optimization method based on the improvement of the genetic algorithm and the control strategy are discussed. The instance analysis is compared with the optimization result of the hybrid system based on HOMER （hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources） and GA （genetic algorithm） method on Matlab software. The simulation result of the optimal configuration showed the new hybrid renewable system and would improve the power supply situation which decreased the cost of energy greatly compared with the conventional form of power supply system which was operated only by diesel. The conclusion of the comparing result between HOMER and GA method shows the advantages of the strategy for the diesel as main control sources.

Constructions of optimal difference systems of sets

Difference systems of sets (DSSs) are combinatorial configurations which were introduced in 1971 by Levenstein for the construction of codes for synchronization. In this paper, we present two kinds of constructions of difference systems of sets by using disjoint difference families and a special type of difference sets, respectively. As a consequence, new infinite classes of optimal DSSs are obtained.