Xinjiang Tianshan is a serial natural property that has been nominated for World Heritage status.This paper presents a systematically comprehensive and comparative analysis of the heritage resources of Xinjiang Tiansh...Xinjiang Tianshan is a serial natural property that has been nominated for World Heritage status.This paper presents a systematically comprehensive and comparative analysis of the heritage resources of Xinjiang Tianshan according to the World Heritage criteria.Its biological,ecological and aesthetic values,which are of global importance, are documented.It is concluded that Xinjiang Tianshan meets the world heritage criteria(vii)and (ix).Xinjiang Tianshan is compared with other mountain world heritage sites,mountains in Central Asia,the Tianshan Mountains outside China,and with the protected areas of the Tianshan Mountains on the Tentative List for World Heritage Sites,so as to provide objective data for the world heritage application.展开更多
Changes in the water cycle on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)have a significant impact on local agricultural production and livelihoods and its downstream regions.Against the background of widely reported warming and wetting,...Changes in the water cycle on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)have a significant impact on local agricultural production and livelihoods and its downstream regions.Against the background of widely reported warming and wetting,the hydrological cycle has accelerated and the likelihood of extreme weather events and natural disasters occurring(i.e.,snowstorms,floods,landslides,mudslides,and ice avalanches)has also intensified,especially in the highelevation mountainous regions.Thus,an accurate estimation of the intensity and variation of each component of the water cycle is an urgent scientific question for the assessment of plateau environmental changes.Following the transformation and movement of water between the atmosphere,biosphere and hydrosphere,the authors highlight the urgent need to strengthen the three-dimensional comprehensive observation system(including the eddy covariance system;planetary boundary layer tower;profile measurements of temperature,humidity,and wind by microwave radiometers,wind profiler,and radiosonde system;and cloud and precipitation radars)in the TP region and propose a practical implementation plan.The construction of such a three-dimensional observation system is expected to promote the study of environmental changes and natural hazards prevention.展开更多
Most research in support of agricultural development and natural resource management in densely settled mountain ecosystems continues to emphasize component over system-level goals. Research by plant breeders, foreste...Most research in support of agricultural development and natural resource management in densely settled mountain ecosystems continues to emphasize component over system-level goals. Research by plant breeders, foresters and animal scientists is generally designed to maximize the yield of products within their particular area of expertise (edible plant parts, tree products and livestock products, respectively), while soil scientists aim largely to increase soil nutrient stocks. At landscape level the same dynamic holds within the agronomic sciences, while water engineers work independently to conserve water through its isolation from broader landscape dynamics, and other common property resources remain largely ignored. Opportunities to foster positive synergies between system components, and to integrate livelihood with conservation goals, are generally missed. This paper presents experiences of the African Highlands Initiative, an ecoregional program of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and a network of the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), in operationalizing integrated research at farm and landscape scale. Following a discussion of the shortcomings of the conventional research paradigm that beg for strongerintegration and a review of the contributions of extant research paradigms that help us move in the right direction, the paper lays a conceptual foundation for integrated research. System components at farm and landscape level are delineated, and this somewhat arbitrary conceptual partitioning of agroecological systems shown to influence the current research paradigm as well as the partitioning of institutional mandates. Diverse meanings of systems integration are then discussed to illustrate the synergies that might be built into agricultural and natural resource research programs. The distinction between the logic of maximization and optimization is then utilized to distinguish between component and “system-level” goals. This conceptual overview is followed by several case studies to illustrate how these concepts can guide the formulation of integrated research objectives, methods and outputs at farm and landscape scale. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this alternative research paradigm for the structure, function and skill base of national and international agricultural research systems.展开更多
In order to understand the security conditions of the incomplete interval-valued information system （IllS） and acquire the corresponding solution of security problems, this paper proposes a multi-attribute group dec...In order to understand the security conditions of the incomplete interval-valued information system （IllS） and acquire the corresponding solution of security problems, this paper proposes a multi-attribute group decision- making （MAGDM） security assessment method based on the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS）. For IllS with preference information, combining with dominance-based rough set approach （DRSA）, the effect of incomplete interval-valued information on decision results is discussed. For the imprecise judgment matrices, the security attribute weight can be obtained using Gibbs sampling. A numerical example shows that the proposed method can acquire some valuable knowledge hidden in the incomplete interval-valued information. The effectiveness of the proposed method in the synthetic security assessment for IIIS is verified.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists(Grant No.2010T2Z17)Special Funding of Russia,Ukraine and Belarus,Bureau of International Cooperation Chinese Academy of Sciences,2011
文摘Xinjiang Tianshan is a serial natural property that has been nominated for World Heritage status.This paper presents a systematically comprehensive and comparative analysis of the heritage resources of Xinjiang Tianshan according to the World Heritage criteria.Its biological,ecological and aesthetic values,which are of global importance, are documented.It is concluded that Xinjiang Tianshan meets the world heritage criteria(vii)and (ix).Xinjiang Tianshan is compared with other mountain world heritage sites,mountains in Central Asia,the Tianshan Mountains outside China,and with the protected areas of the Tianshan Mountains on the Tentative List for World Heritage Sites,so as to provide objective data for the world heritage application.
基金This research was jointly funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(Grant Nos.2019QZKK0103 and 2019QZKK0105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91837208 and 42075085).
文摘Changes in the water cycle on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)have a significant impact on local agricultural production and livelihoods and its downstream regions.Against the background of widely reported warming and wetting,the hydrological cycle has accelerated and the likelihood of extreme weather events and natural disasters occurring(i.e.,snowstorms,floods,landslides,mudslides,and ice avalanches)has also intensified,especially in the highelevation mountainous regions.Thus,an accurate estimation of the intensity and variation of each component of the water cycle is an urgent scientific question for the assessment of plateau environmental changes.Following the transformation and movement of water between the atmosphere,biosphere and hydrosphere,the authors highlight the urgent need to strengthen the three-dimensional comprehensive observation system(including the eddy covariance system;planetary boundary layer tower;profile measurements of temperature,humidity,and wind by microwave radiometers,wind profiler,and radiosonde system;and cloud and precipitation radars)in the TP region and propose a practical implementation plan.The construction of such a three-dimensional observation system is expected to promote the study of environmental changes and natural hazards prevention.
文摘Most research in support of agricultural development and natural resource management in densely settled mountain ecosystems continues to emphasize component over system-level goals. Research by plant breeders, foresters and animal scientists is generally designed to maximize the yield of products within their particular area of expertise (edible plant parts, tree products and livestock products, respectively), while soil scientists aim largely to increase soil nutrient stocks. At landscape level the same dynamic holds within the agronomic sciences, while water engineers work independently to conserve water through its isolation from broader landscape dynamics, and other common property resources remain largely ignored. Opportunities to foster positive synergies between system components, and to integrate livelihood with conservation goals, are generally missed. This paper presents experiences of the African Highlands Initiative, an ecoregional program of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and a network of the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), in operationalizing integrated research at farm and landscape scale. Following a discussion of the shortcomings of the conventional research paradigm that beg for strongerintegration and a review of the contributions of extant research paradigms that help us move in the right direction, the paper lays a conceptual foundation for integrated research. System components at farm and landscape level are delineated, and this somewhat arbitrary conceptual partitioning of agroecological systems shown to influence the current research paradigm as well as the partitioning of institutional mandates. Diverse meanings of systems integration are then discussed to illustrate the synergies that might be built into agricultural and natural resource research programs. The distinction between the logic of maximization and optimization is then utilized to distinguish between component and “system-level” goals. This conceptual overview is followed by several case studies to illustrate how these concepts can guide the formulation of integrated research objectives, methods and outputs at farm and landscape scale. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this alternative research paradigm for the structure, function and skill base of national and international agricultural research systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.60605019）
文摘In order to understand the security conditions of the incomplete interval-valued information system （IllS） and acquire the corresponding solution of security problems, this paper proposes a multi-attribute group decision- making （MAGDM） security assessment method based on the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS）. For IllS with preference information, combining with dominance-based rough set approach （DRSA）, the effect of incomplete interval-valued information on decision results is discussed. For the imprecise judgment matrices, the security attribute weight can be obtained using Gibbs sampling. A numerical example shows that the proposed method can acquire some valuable knowledge hidden in the incomplete interval-valued information. The effectiveness of the proposed method in the synthetic security assessment for IIIS is verified.
