We give algorithms to factorize large integers in the duality computer. We provide three duality algorithms for factorization based on a naive factorization method, the Shor algorithm in quantum computing, and the Fer...We give algorithms to factorize large integers in the duality computer. We provide three duality algorithms for factorization based on a naive factorization method, the Shor algorithm in quantum computing, and the Fermat＇s method in classical computing. All these algorithms may be polynomial in the input size.展开更多
The gasotransmitter role of H2S in mammalian has been extensively studied, and cystathionine gammalyase （CSE） is the major H2S-producing enzyme in vascular system. Dysregulation of CSE/H2S system was found in variou...The gasotransmitter role of H2S in mammalian has been extensively studied, and cystathionine gammalyase （CSE） is the major H2S-producing enzyme in vascular system. Dysregulation of CSE/H2S system was found in various pathophysiological conditions. MicroRNA （miRNA） and short interfering RNA （siRNA） are known to inhibit gene expression by mRNA degradation and/or translation repression. The regulation of CSE expression by miRNA and siRNA has been reported recently, but the off-target effect of miRNA and the lower knockdown efficiency of siRNA have shadowed the application of these approaches. In the present study, we designed CSE-specific miRNAs based on the rules of miRNA-mRNA complementary and human CSE cDNA sequence. The CSE-specific miRNAs significantly inhibited CSE expression and H2S production, increased reactive oxygen species generation, and induced proliferation of human aorta smooth muscle cells （HASMCs）. The designed CSE-specific miRNAs specifically targeted on CSE gene as evidenced by the direct inhibition of luciferase activity from reporter gene containing human CSE 3t-UTR sequence. The expression of other genes, such as estrogen receptor a, heme oxygenase 1, specificity protein 1, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, was not affected by the CSE-specific miRNAs.Compared with CSE-siRNAs, CSE-specific miRNAs dis- played significantly higher efficacy in suppressing CSE expression and H2S production, miR-143, a highly expressed miRNA in vascular system, down-regulated the expressions of CSE as well as other genes, such as insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 and kruppel-like factor 4. miR-143 suppressed H2S production but had no effect on HASMC proliferation. In conclusion, CSE-specific miRNAs designed in our study provide a highly effective research tool for regulating CSE expression and H2S production. These CSE-specific miRNAs have potential as being novel therapeutic agents for treating vascular disorders related to abnormal oxidative stress and SMC growth.展开更多
This study deals with the effect of hydrotropes on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of salicylic acid. The solubility and mass transfer studies were performed using the hydrotropes, i.e., sodium acetate, s...This study deals with the effect of hydrotropes on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of salicylic acid. The solubility and mass transfer studies were performed using the hydrotropes, i.e., sodium acetate, sodium salicylate, citric acid, and urea at concentrations of 0-3.0 mol/L and system temperatures of 303-333 K. It was found that the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of salicylic acid increases with increase in hydrotrope concentration and also with system temperature. All hydrotropes used in this work showed an enhancement in solubility and mass transfer coefficient to different degrees. The maximum enhancement factor values were determined for all hydrotropes used in this study. The highest value was 28.08 for solubility studies and 10.42 for mass transfer studies. The performance of hydrotropes was measured in terms of the Setschenow constant （Ks）. The highest value observed was 0.696.展开更多
基金The project supported by the 973 Program under Grant No. 2006CB921106, National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10325521 and 60433050, and the Key Project 306020 and Science Research Fund of Doctoval Program of the Ministry of Education of China
文摘We give algorithms to factorize large integers in the duality computer. We provide three duality algorithms for factorization based on a naive factorization method, the Shor algorithm in quantum computing, and the Fermat＇s method in classical computing. All these algorithms may be polynomial in the input size.
基金supported by a grant-in-aid from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
文摘The gasotransmitter role of H2S in mammalian has been extensively studied, and cystathionine gammalyase （CSE） is the major H2S-producing enzyme in vascular system. Dysregulation of CSE/H2S system was found in various pathophysiological conditions. MicroRNA （miRNA） and short interfering RNA （siRNA） are known to inhibit gene expression by mRNA degradation and/or translation repression. The regulation of CSE expression by miRNA and siRNA has been reported recently, but the off-target effect of miRNA and the lower knockdown efficiency of siRNA have shadowed the application of these approaches. In the present study, we designed CSE-specific miRNAs based on the rules of miRNA-mRNA complementary and human CSE cDNA sequence. The CSE-specific miRNAs significantly inhibited CSE expression and H2S production, increased reactive oxygen species generation, and induced proliferation of human aorta smooth muscle cells （HASMCs）. The designed CSE-specific miRNAs specifically targeted on CSE gene as evidenced by the direct inhibition of luciferase activity from reporter gene containing human CSE 3t-UTR sequence. The expression of other genes, such as estrogen receptor a, heme oxygenase 1, specificity protein 1, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, was not affected by the CSE-specific miRNAs.Compared with CSE-siRNAs, CSE-specific miRNAs dis- played significantly higher efficacy in suppressing CSE expression and H2S production, miR-143, a highly expressed miRNA in vascular system, down-regulated the expressions of CSE as well as other genes, such as insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 and kruppel-like factor 4. miR-143 suppressed H2S production but had no effect on HASMC proliferation. In conclusion, CSE-specific miRNAs designed in our study provide a highly effective research tool for regulating CSE expression and H2S production. These CSE-specific miRNAs have potential as being novel therapeutic agents for treating vascular disorders related to abnormal oxidative stress and SMC growth.
文摘This study deals with the effect of hydrotropes on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of salicylic acid. The solubility and mass transfer studies were performed using the hydrotropes, i.e., sodium acetate, sodium salicylate, citric acid, and urea at concentrations of 0-3.0 mol/L and system temperatures of 303-333 K. It was found that the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of salicylic acid increases with increase in hydrotrope concentration and also with system temperature. All hydrotropes used in this work showed an enhancement in solubility and mass transfer coefficient to different degrees. The maximum enhancement factor values were determined for all hydrotropes used in this study. The highest value was 28.08 for solubility studies and 10.42 for mass transfer studies. The performance of hydrotropes was measured in terms of the Setschenow constant （Ks）. The highest value observed was 0.696.
