Objective:To determine whether maternal β-human chorionic gonadotropin(β-hCG) level in second-trimester may be associated with subsequent development of pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH).Methods:Seven hundred and ...Objective:To determine whether maternal β-human chorionic gonadotropin(β-hCG) level in second-trimester may be associated with subsequent development of pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH).Methods:Seven hundred and sixty-two women in mid-trimester were to have maternal urine β-hCG standardized concentrations and maternal serum β-hCG measurements.Their case histories were recorded and reviewed from mid-trimester to delivery.The relation was observed between maternal urine,serum markers and subsequent development of PIH.Results:Among 762 women,504 cases were normal pregnancies,42 cases had PIH,94 cases had premature rupture of membrane (PROM),69 cases had preterm delivery (PD),53 other cases were excluded by various reasons.The levels of maternal urine,serum β-hCG in PIH were (61.75±9.78) IU/L and (304.56±54.17) ng/mg respectively,which were higher significantly than normal pregnancy group ([20.65±7.61] IU/L and [146.34±47.81] ng/mg,P<0.05).When maternal serum,urine β-hCG levels ≥2 MOM(multiple of mean),the incidences of developing PIH were increased significantly as compared with those of β-hCG <2 MOM women.The incidence of PIH increased from 5.1% in pregnancies with urine β-hCG ≥2 MOM to 11.7% in cases with urine β-hCG ≥4 MOM.Conclusion:The elevation of maternal mid-trimester urine,serum β-hCG levels is not only an early signal for dysfunction of placenta but also a dangerous signal for development of PIH.Second-trimester maternal urine β-hCG measurement proves to be superior to serum marker in clinical prediction.展开更多
To investigate the association of the expression of estrogen receptor ct, estrogen receptor 13 in placenta with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy （ICP） susceptibility. Methods： In 14 cases of mild ICP, 14 cases...To investigate the association of the expression of estrogen receptor ct, estrogen receptor 13 in placenta with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy （ICP） susceptibility. Methods： In 14 cases of mild ICP, 14 cases of severe ICP and 14 cases of normal cases （control group） with corresponding age and gestation weeks, the expressions of ERa and ERD were detected by means of immunohistochemical method S-P. Results： The mean grey numbers of ERa in each group mentioned above were 151.684±3.76, 149.854±3.69, 153.184±3.18, without significant difference （P〉0.05） The mean grey numbers of ERβ in each group mentioned above were 146.51±3.81, 139.434±9.97, 149.87±4.17, with significant difference （P〉0.05）; the expression of ERI3 of severe ICP group was significantly higher than that of the mild ICP group and the control group （P〈0.05）. The expression of ERβ in every group was higher than that of ERa （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： ERβ maybe play an important part in the etiology and development of ICP展开更多
Early pregnancy factor (EPF) was purified from the pooled sera of 21 0 pregnant women at 3- 8 weeks of gestation. Sera from healthy nonpregnant women were used as control. The samples (G-Ⅱ . G-Ⅲ and G-Ⅳ) obtained f...Early pregnancy factor (EPF) was purified from the pooled sera of 21 0 pregnant women at 3- 8 weeks of gestation. Sera from healthy nonpregnant women were used as control. The samples (G-Ⅱ . G-Ⅲ and G-Ⅳ) obtained from pregnant women had EPF activity but no HCG activity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the major bands in pregnant G-Ⅲ and G-Ⅳ were at similar positions in tube gels. The results of SDS-PAGE showed 3 bands in pregnant G-Ⅳ: 57. 0 kD. 38. 0 kD and 19. 0 kD. The basic active form of EPF may be a small peptide of 1 9. 0 kD. The isoelectric points of pregnant G-Ⅳ were 6. 45 and 8. 20.展开更多
Objective To examine whether urocortin is produced locally to regulate utero-placental vascular tone during pregnancy.Methods We examined the distribution of urocortin in human placenta, fetal membranes and uterine ...Objective To examine whether urocortin is produced locally to regulate utero-placental vascular tone during pregnancy.Methods We examined the distribution of urocortin in human placenta, fetal membranes and uterine tissue at term in the presence and absence of labor using a urocortin antibody produced in our laboratory and the immunoperoxidase staining method. Subsequently, we tested urocortin secretion from chorio-decidual cells in vitro using an immunoblot technique. Then, we tested whether urocortin is present in maternal plasma throughout gestation using a radioimmunoassay. A Sephadex G-50 column was used to examine whether immunoreactive urocortin (IR-urocortin) in maternal plasma is the same as synthetic urocortin.Results IR-urocortin was observed in vascular smooth muscle of myometrium decidual stromal cells, syncytiotrophoblast and amnion epithelium. No differences in staining intensity for urocortin were detected between tissues obtained in the absence or presence of labor. Staining intensity for IR-urocortin was greatest in the decidua, suggesting this may be the main site of urocortin production. Positive staining for urocortin was observed in 40% of chorio-decidual cells with 34% of these cells secreting urocortin under basal conditions. Urocortin was detectable in maternal plasma from 16 weeks gestation and concentrations did not change as gestation progressed. IR-urocortin in the maternal plasma eluted from a Sephadex G-50 column at the same site as synthetic urocortin and had a calculated retention co-efficient of 0.44.Conclusion This study indicates that urocortin is produced by the decidua during human pregnancy and is detectable in maternal plasma. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that urocortin is produced locally by the decidua and may act to regulate utero-placental blood flow.展开更多
Objective To investigate the role of growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) axis in normal pregnancy.Methods Totally, 116 normal pregnant women were recruited from January 1997 to June 1998, with 20 n...Objective To investigate the role of growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) axis in normal pregnancy.Methods Totally, 116 normal pregnant women were recruited from January 1997 to June 1998, with 20 normal nonpregnant women as controls. Maternal growth hormone (GH) and IGF-Ⅰ concentrations were assayed by RIA and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.Results Maternal serum levels of GH increased throughout gestation, reached a peak at 25 weeks of pregnancy and remained fairly high (χ2=40.458, P<0.0001). There was a significant difference between samples at 5-9 week gestational age and the controls (3.45?μg/L vs 1.61?μg/L, P<0.05). The maternal serum levels of IGF-Ⅰ increased rapidly throughout gestation from 29-week gestation and reached a peak of 188.86?μg/L at term delivery (χ2=50.224, P<0.0001).Conclusions Maternal GH levels increased progressively throughout gestation, which correlated with fetal growth. Maternal GH may regulate nutrition supply among mother, placenta and the fetus and play an important role in transporting nutritional substrates by the placenta. The maternal IGF-Ⅰ in the third trimester may promote fetal growth and placental functions.展开更多
Disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein(DsbA-L)is a molecular chaperone involved in the multimeri-zation of adiponectin.Recent studies have found that DsbA-L is related to metabolic diseases including gestational...Disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein(DsbA-L)is a molecular chaperone involved in the multimeri-zation of adiponectin.Recent studies have found that DsbA-L is related to metabolic diseases including gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),and can be regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)agonists;the specific mechanism,however,is uncertain.Furthermore,the relationship between DsbA-L and the novel adipokine chemerin is also unclear.This article aims to investigate the role of DsbA-L in the improvement of insulin resistance by PPARγagonists in trophoblast cells cultured by the high-glucose simulation of GDM placenta.Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect differences between GDM patients and normal pregnant women in DsbA-L expression in the adipose tissue.The western blot technique was performed to verify the relationship between PPARγagonists and DsbA-L,and to explore changes in key molecules of the insulin signaling pathway,as well as the effect of chemerin on DsbA-L.Results showed that DsbA-L was significantly downregulated in the adipose tissue of GDM patients.Both PPARγagonists and chemerin could upregulate the level of DsbA-L.Silencing DsbA-L affected the function of rosiglitazone to promote the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(PKB)/AKT pathway.Therefore,it is plausible to speculate that DsbA-L is essential in the environment of PPARγagonists for raising insulin sensitivity.Overall,we further clarified the mechanism by which PPARγagonists improve insulin resistance.展开更多
文摘Objective:To determine whether maternal β-human chorionic gonadotropin(β-hCG) level in second-trimester may be associated with subsequent development of pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH).Methods:Seven hundred and sixty-two women in mid-trimester were to have maternal urine β-hCG standardized concentrations and maternal serum β-hCG measurements.Their case histories were recorded and reviewed from mid-trimester to delivery.The relation was observed between maternal urine,serum markers and subsequent development of PIH.Results:Among 762 women,504 cases were normal pregnancies,42 cases had PIH,94 cases had premature rupture of membrane (PROM),69 cases had preterm delivery (PD),53 other cases were excluded by various reasons.The levels of maternal urine,serum β-hCG in PIH were (61.75±9.78) IU/L and (304.56±54.17) ng/mg respectively,which were higher significantly than normal pregnancy group ([20.65±7.61] IU/L and [146.34±47.81] ng/mg,P<0.05).When maternal serum,urine β-hCG levels ≥2 MOM(multiple of mean),the incidences of developing PIH were increased significantly as compared with those of β-hCG <2 MOM women.The incidence of PIH increased from 5.1% in pregnancies with urine β-hCG ≥2 MOM to 11.7% in cases with urine β-hCG ≥4 MOM.Conclusion:The elevation of maternal mid-trimester urine,serum β-hCG levels is not only an early signal for dysfunction of placenta but also a dangerous signal for development of PIH.Second-trimester maternal urine β-hCG measurement proves to be superior to serum marker in clinical prediction.
文摘To investigate the association of the expression of estrogen receptor ct, estrogen receptor 13 in placenta with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy （ICP） susceptibility. Methods： In 14 cases of mild ICP, 14 cases of severe ICP and 14 cases of normal cases （control group） with corresponding age and gestation weeks, the expressions of ERa and ERD were detected by means of immunohistochemical method S-P. Results： The mean grey numbers of ERa in each group mentioned above were 151.684±3.76, 149.854±3.69, 153.184±3.18, without significant difference （P〉0.05） The mean grey numbers of ERβ in each group mentioned above were 146.51±3.81, 139.434±9.97, 149.87±4.17, with significant difference （P〉0.05）; the expression of ERI3 of severe ICP group was significantly higher than that of the mild ICP group and the control group （P〈0.05）. The expression of ERβ in every group was higher than that of ERa （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： ERβ maybe play an important part in the etiology and development of ICP
文摘Early pregnancy factor (EPF) was purified from the pooled sera of 21 0 pregnant women at 3- 8 weeks of gestation. Sera from healthy nonpregnant women were used as control. The samples (G-Ⅱ . G-Ⅲ and G-Ⅳ) obtained from pregnant women had EPF activity but no HCG activity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the major bands in pregnant G-Ⅲ and G-Ⅳ were at similar positions in tube gels. The results of SDS-PAGE showed 3 bands in pregnant G-Ⅳ: 57. 0 kD. 38. 0 kD and 19. 0 kD. The basic active form of EPF may be a small peptide of 1 9. 0 kD. The isoelectric points of pregnant G-Ⅳ were 6. 45 and 8. 20.
文摘Objective To examine whether urocortin is produced locally to regulate utero-placental vascular tone during pregnancy.Methods We examined the distribution of urocortin in human placenta, fetal membranes and uterine tissue at term in the presence and absence of labor using a urocortin antibody produced in our laboratory and the immunoperoxidase staining method. Subsequently, we tested urocortin secretion from chorio-decidual cells in vitro using an immunoblot technique. Then, we tested whether urocortin is present in maternal plasma throughout gestation using a radioimmunoassay. A Sephadex G-50 column was used to examine whether immunoreactive urocortin (IR-urocortin) in maternal plasma is the same as synthetic urocortin.Results IR-urocortin was observed in vascular smooth muscle of myometrium decidual stromal cells, syncytiotrophoblast and amnion epithelium. No differences in staining intensity for urocortin were detected between tissues obtained in the absence or presence of labor. Staining intensity for IR-urocortin was greatest in the decidua, suggesting this may be the main site of urocortin production. Positive staining for urocortin was observed in 40% of chorio-decidual cells with 34% of these cells secreting urocortin under basal conditions. Urocortin was detectable in maternal plasma from 16 weeks gestation and concentrations did not change as gestation progressed. IR-urocortin in the maternal plasma eluted from a Sephadex G-50 column at the same site as synthetic urocortin and had a calculated retention co-efficient of 0.44.Conclusion This study indicates that urocortin is produced by the decidua during human pregnancy and is detectable in maternal plasma. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that urocortin is produced locally by the decidua and may act to regulate utero-placental blood flow.
文摘Objective To investigate the role of growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) axis in normal pregnancy.Methods Totally, 116 normal pregnant women were recruited from January 1997 to June 1998, with 20 normal nonpregnant women as controls. Maternal growth hormone (GH) and IGF-Ⅰ concentrations were assayed by RIA and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.Results Maternal serum levels of GH increased throughout gestation, reached a peak at 25 weeks of pregnancy and remained fairly high (χ2=40.458, P<0.0001). There was a significant difference between samples at 5-9 week gestational age and the controls (3.45?μg/L vs 1.61?μg/L, P<0.05). The maternal serum levels of IGF-Ⅰ increased rapidly throughout gestation from 29-week gestation and reached a peak of 188.86?μg/L at term delivery (χ2=50.224, P<0.0001).Conclusions Maternal GH levels increased progressively throughout gestation, which correlated with fetal growth. Maternal GH may regulate nutrition supply among mother, placenta and the fetus and play an important role in transporting nutritional substrates by the placenta. The maternal IGF-Ⅰ in the third trimester may promote fetal growth and placental functions.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFC1000405 , 2018YFC1002903)。
文摘Disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein(DsbA-L)is a molecular chaperone involved in the multimeri-zation of adiponectin.Recent studies have found that DsbA-L is related to metabolic diseases including gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),and can be regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)agonists;the specific mechanism,however,is uncertain.Furthermore,the relationship between DsbA-L and the novel adipokine chemerin is also unclear.This article aims to investigate the role of DsbA-L in the improvement of insulin resistance by PPARγagonists in trophoblast cells cultured by the high-glucose simulation of GDM placenta.Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect differences between GDM patients and normal pregnant women in DsbA-L expression in the adipose tissue.The western blot technique was performed to verify the relationship between PPARγagonists and DsbA-L,and to explore changes in key molecules of the insulin signaling pathway,as well as the effect of chemerin on DsbA-L.Results showed that DsbA-L was significantly downregulated in the adipose tissue of GDM patients.Both PPARγagonists and chemerin could upregulate the level of DsbA-L.Silencing DsbA-L affected the function of rosiglitazone to promote the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(PKB)/AKT pathway.Therefore,it is plausible to speculate that DsbA-L is essential in the environment of PPARγagonists for raising insulin sensitivity.Overall,we further clarified the mechanism by which PPARγagonists improve insulin resistance.
