长翅素木蝗卵子发生过程中c-kit蛋白特异性表达动态

应用免疫组织化学和生物统计分析相结合的方法,对吉林省四平地区长翅素木蝗卵子发生过程中c-kit蛋白特异表达特点和动态进行研究。结果表明:卵子发生过程中,第1～6阶段卵母细胞中有不同程度的c-kit蛋白特异性表达,但随着卵黄发生的开始逐渐消失;滤泡细胞、输卵管和受精囊的腺细胞中有c-kit蛋白颗粒存在;c-kit蛋白表达季节动态显示,刚羽化的蝗虫卵巢管内有较强的表达,老熟成虫卵巢管内表达维持在较弱的水平。

明式素木家具的选料审美标准研究

素木家具即未经髹漆装饰,以木料天然本色为外观的家具类型,也是明式家具最为常见的经典款样。部分学者甚至将髹漆家具排除在外,认为只有以黄花梨等硬木为主要材质的素木家具才属于"明式家具"这一享尽世人推崇的中国古代家具风格流派。至此,抛开在简洁明快、结构合理等制器上的共同特质,木材作为构建明式家具艺术风格的第一物质基础,制作前期对其色泽、纹样的筛选斟酌也必然存在着具有共性的审美评判标准,使之能够跨越树种品类之别,达成某种统一审美特质的"明式"设计风格,而在通过对实例的对比与推论后,本文将这套标准总结为色泽统一协调性、纹络与颜色的对称性、木料纹络的完整性。且对于选料审美标准的研究不仅能够站在材料角度,归根溯源的挖掘、总结明式素木家具的美学风格与其能够自成一系的设计思路,亦能对当代家具设计工作者进一步继承、发展明式家具的造物理念有着积极的指导、借鉴意义,这便是撰写本文的立意与出发点。

白洋淀地区长翅素木蝗、短额负蝗生物学特性初步饲养观察

利用室内、外相结合的方法对白洋淀周边长翅素木蝗和短额负蝗的生物学特性进行了饲养观察,并提出今后开展综合治理的策略。

长翅素木蝗精子发生观察

首次对四平地区蝗属优势种——长翅素木蝗(Shirakiacris shirakii(I．Bol．))精子发生过程进行显微水平的观 察和描述．根据精母细胞形态和细胞核形态变化等特征性指标,蝗虫精子发生过程分为五个阶段,分别为精原细胞时 期、初级精母细胞时期、次级精母细胞时期、精子细胞时期和精子形成时期等,最终成熟的精子通过交配活动排出体外．

中国素木螽属的新种记述──（直翅目：螽斯总科：露螽科）

记述在湖北、河南采到的螽斯二新种：尖叶素木螽Ｓｈｉｒａｋｉｓｏｔｉｍａａｃｕｍｉ．ｎａｔａｓｐ·ｎｏｖ·，短裂素木螽Ｓｈｉｒａｋｉｓｏｔｉｍａｂｒｅｖｉｆｉｓｓａｓｐ．ｎｏｒ．模式标本保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所及山东大学生物系．

斑腿蝗科2种蝗虫卵子发生比较研究

对短星翅蝗(Calliptamus abbreviatus)和长翅素木蝗(Shirakiacris shirakii)组织学观察与测量的结果表明:卵母细胞体积和形态变化显著,呈现先慢后快的发育特点;细胞核体积增长在发育初期增长速度大于后期;滤泡细胞体积在卵黄发生期达到峰值,呈高柱状,卵黄发生结束后退化,呈柳叶状;2种蝗虫卵子发生的发育进程具明显的种间差异。

Performance characterization, of rigid polyurethane foam with refined alkali lignin and modified alkali lignin

The two kinds of rigid polyurethane （PU） foams were prepared with respectively adding the refined alkali lignin and alkali lignin modified by 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane to be instead of 15% of the polyether glycol in weight. The indexes of mechanical performance, apparent density, thermal stability and aging resistance were separately tested for the prepared PU foams. The results show that the mechanical property, thermal insulation and thermal stability for PU foam with modified alkali lignin are excellent among two kinds of PU foams and control samples. The additions of the refined alkali lignin and modified alkali lignin to PU foam have little effect on the natural aging or heat aging resistance except for decreasing hot alkali resistance apparently. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of modified alkali lignin PU foam is lowest among two kinds of PU foams and control samples. The alkali lignin PU foam modified by 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane could be applied in the heat preservation field.

A Benzofuranoid Neolignan from Magnolia biondii Pamp

Aim Isolation and structural elucidation of the constituents from the dried flower buds of Magnolia biondii Pamp. Methods Column chromatography and TLC were used to isolate chemical constituents. Spectroscopic methods were employed for structural elucidation. Results One benzo furanoid neolignan （licarin B） and two bisepoxy lignans （magnolin, fargesin） were isolated and identified. Conclusion Licarin B is the first reported benzofuranoid lignan from the family Magnoliaceae.

Dynamic Changes in Distribution of Lignin and Hemicelluloses in Cell Walls During Differentiation of Secondary Xylem in Eucommia ulmoides

The dynamic changes in the distribution of lignin and hemicelluloses (xylans and xyloglucans) in cell walls during the differentiation of secondary xylem in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. were studied by means of ultraviolet light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy combined with immunogold labelling. In the cambial zone and cell expansion zone, xyloglucans were localized both in the tangential and radial walls, but no xylans or lignin were found in these regions. With the formation of secondary wall S-1 layer, lignin occurred in the cell corners and middle lamella, while xylans appeared in S-1 layer, and xyloglucans were localized in the primary walls and middle lamella. In pace with the formation of secondary wall S-2 and S-3 layer, lignification extended to S-1, S-2 and S-3 layer in sequence, showing a patchy style of lignin deposition. Concurrently, xylans distributed in the whole secondary walls and xyloglucans, on the other hand, still localized in the primary walls and middle lamella. The results indicated that along with the formation and lignification of the secondary wall, great changes had taken place in the cell walls. Different parts of cell walls, such as cell corners, middle lamella, primary walls and various layers of secondary walls, had different kinds of hemicelluloses, which formed various cell wall architecture combined with lignin and other cell wall components.

Variation in litter decomposition-temperature relationships between coniferous and broadleaf forests in Huangshan Mountain, China

A study was conducted to identify the differences in the decompositions of leaf litter, lignin and carbohydrate between coniferous forest and broadleaf forest at 20℃ and 30℃ in Huangshan Mountain, Anhui Province, China. Results showed that at 20℃ mass loss of leaf litter driven by microbial decomposers was higher in broadleaf forest than that in coniferous forest, whereas the difference in mass loss of leaf litter was not significant at 30℃. The temperature increase did not affect the mass loss of leaf litter for coniferous forest treatment, but significantly reduced the decomposition rate for broadleaf forest treatment. The functional decomposers of microorganism in broadleaf forest produced a higher lignin decomposition rate at 20℃, compared to that in coniferous forest, but the difference in lignin decomposition was not found between two forest types at 30℃. Improved temperature increased the lignin decomposition for both broadleaf and coniferous forest. Additionally, the functional group of microorganism from broadleaf forest showed marginally higher carbohydrate loss than that from coniferous forest at both temperatures. Temperature increase reduced the carbohydrate decomposition for broadleaf forest, while only a little reduce was found for coniferous forest. Remarkable differences occurred in responses between most enzymes （Phenoloxidase, peroxidase, !5-glucosidase and endocellulase） and decomposition rate of leaf litter to forest type and temperature, although there exist strong relationships between measured enzyme activities and decomposition rate in most cases. The reason is that more than one enzyme contribute to the mass loss of leaf litter and organic chemical components. In conclusion, at a community scale the coniferous and broadleaf forests differed in their temperature-decomposition relationships.

neo-Lignans and Hemiterpenoid from the Seeds of Artabostrys hexapetalus (Annonaceae)

Four neo-lignans: isoamericanin A(1), isoamericanol A(2), americanin B(3), artabotrycinol(4), a hemiterpenoid: (R)-artabotriol(5) and other compounds: palmitic acid(6), β-sitosterol(7) and daucosterol(8) were isolated from the seeds of Artabostrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhadari (Annonaceae). Artabotrycinol(4) is a new neo-lignan and (R)-artabotriol(5) is a new hemiterpenoid. Their structures were established by IR, UV, MS, 1D and 2D NMR. Three other neo-lignans 1, 2, 3 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Study on Fermentation Conditions of Pycnoporus sanguineus

[Objective] The purpose was to study the optimum conditions of Pycnoporus sanguineus for producing ligninase. [Method] A strain of lignindegrading white-rot fungus was selected from 5 strains of collected fungi and its ligninase production and the optimum conditions for producing ligninolytic enzyme were measured. [Result] It could produce two kinds of ligninase with good thermal stability. Different temperatures, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, acidities, as well as the additions of surfactant had distinct influence on the development of lignin-degrading enzymes of the fungus. The optimum condition was drawn out：38℃, pH = 4.5, 10.0 g/L glucose, 1.0 g/L tartaric acid ammonium. [Conclusion] The aim of research was to provide a basis for lignin degradation in practical production.

Structural Characteristics of Thicker-culms in the High-yield Wheat Cultivars

The culm of the Triticum aestivum L. cv. “Lankao 906_4”, a high_yield cultivar, in comparison with “Jing 411”, a widely_planted cultivar, was studied by means of anatomical technique coupled with mechanical and chemical theory. A anatomical analysis revealed that “Lankao 906_4” possessed thicker mechanical tissue and larger vascular bundle area than those of “Jing 411”. In terms of the resistance to lodging, “Lankao 906_4” had higher culm strength. Furthermore the content of lignin was semiquantitatively analyzed with confocal laser scanning mircoscope (CLSM), and revealed a much higher lignin content in the culm of “Lankao 906_4” than that in the culm of “Jing 411”. All of these indicated that the characteristics of culm were important factors in breeding the super_production wheat cultivar.

Herpetin, a New Bioactive Lignan Isolated from Herpetospermum caudigerum

Aim To study the chemical constituents of seeds of Herpetospermum caudigerum. Methods Column chromatography was used in the isolation procedure, and the structure was elucidated by spectral data, whose pharmacologic activity was assayed in vitro. Results A new compound named herpetin was isolated, whose structure was determined to be 3-benzofuran methanol-2, 3-dihydm-2-（4- hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl ）-4-methoxy-6-[ tetrahydm-2-（ 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl ）-3-methanol ]-2- furanmethyl, showed significant inhibitory effects on HBV-DNA and the replication and expression of HBsAg and HBeAg. Conclusion Herpetin offers wide research and development prospect.

Screening for a Novel Trichoderma vride Strain Highly Producing Cellulase via Ultraviolet Mutagenesis

[Objective] The aim of this study was to find out a new Trichoderma vride K strain highly producing cellulase.[Method] Ultraviolet（UV） was used to induce mutagenesis on T.vride K and to select out a new Trichoderma vride strain highly producing cellulase from the first round and further selection.[Result] A new T.vride strain K6 with high yield of cellulase was obtained with the enzyme production amount of 1.39 times over that of starting strain K.This strain showed highest cellulase yield under the culture condition of 28 ℃ for 96 h.[Conclusion] The strain K6 selected out from induced mutation is endowed with better capacity of producing cellulase,which provides a new method for the utilization of straw.

Influence Factors of Urban Sustainable Development of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region——with a Case of Urumqi

Urban sustainable development is under influence of social, economic and environmental factors. Xinjiang is in a new cross-domain development stage, and the research on urban sustainable development in Xinjiang wil be an important contribu-tion to sustainable development in western China. In this paper, with the district of Urumqi city as the study area, environmental indicators in 2011 economic society were col ected to establish an index system of factors affecting the sustainable de-velopment, and to make analysis and comprehensive evaluation on the influence factors, proposing suggestions and countermeasures of sustainable development in districts or counties in Urumqi County as per quantitative and qualitative analysis methods.

Cloning of cDNA Encoding CCoAOMT from Populus tomentosa and Down-regulation of Lignin Content in Transgenic Plant Expressing Antisense Gene

cDNA encoding caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) from Chinese white poplar ( Populus tomentosa Carr.) was cloned by RT-PCR and sequenced. Northern analysis displayed that the CCoAOMT was expressed specifically in the developing secondary xylem and its expression was coincident with lignification. The antisense CCoAOMT cDNA was transformed into P. tremula x P. alba mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens ( Smith et Townsend) Conn. Transgenic plants were identified with PCR, PCR-Southern and Southern analysis. Lignin content in 5- to 6-month-old transgenic plants was measured. One of the transgenic lines had significant reduction of 17.9% in Klason lignin content as compared with that of untransformed poplar. The results demonstrate that antisense repression of CCoAOMT is an efficient way to reduce lignin content for improving pulping property in engineered trees.

Production of BTX through Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin

Lignin is the only nature renewable resource which can provide large quantities of aromatic compounds. In the work, transformation of lignin into benzene, toluene, and xylenes （BTX） was investigated over the HZSM-5, HY, and MCM-22 catalysts, and the HZSM-5 catalyst showed the highest carbon yield of BTX. The reaction condition, including temperature, the gas flow rate, and the catalyst/lignin ratio, was also investigated. The carbon yield of BTX reached about 25.3 C-mol% over HZSM-5 catalyst under T=550℃, f（N2）=300 cm^3/min, and catalyst/lignin ratio of 2.

Chemical Constituents of the Suspension Cell Cultures of Maytenus hookeri

Suspension cell cultures of Maytenus hookeri Loos. (Celastraceae) in SH media were established from the calli induced from the leaves and young steins of M. hookeri on MS media with the supplement of 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L KIN (kinetin). Ethyl acetate extract of the cultures showed inhibitory activities against Penicillium avellaneum UC-4376 which was sensitive to maytansinoids. Exhaustive isolation of natural products from a large scale of suspension cell cultures did not yield maytansine instead of affording nine compounds including one novel triterpenoid, named 2, 3-diacetoxyl maytenusone (1), and eight known ones including squalene (2), beta-sitosterol (3), 2', 3', 4-triacetyl-sitoindoside I (4), salaspermic acid (5), maytenonic acid (6), 2alpha-hydroxy-maytenonic acid (7), 6, 11,12-trihydroxy-8, 11, 13-abietrien-7-one (8) and 11, 12-dihydroxy-8, 11, 13-abietatrien-7-one (9) elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR data. The H-1-NMR and C-13-NMR assignments were made for 1, 5, 6 and 7, while the C-13-NMR assignments for 5 and 6 were revised. The chemical results suggested that the suspension cell cultures of M. hookeri did not produce maytansinoids under the reported experiment conditions.

Study on Release Properties of Slow Release Urea Coated by Industrial Lignin

This study aimed to investigate the release properties of slow release ure- a coated by industrial lignin and the influences of temperature, pH and post-ripening period on the release of nutrients in coated urea. According to the experimental results, the release of nutrients in coated fertilizers showed an S-shaped curve; on the 28th d, the nutrient release rate reached 73.77%; the differential solubility was 1.83%, and the theoretical release period was 50.25 d. The release of nutrients was significantly influenced by temperature. As the incubation temperature rose from 25 to 40 ℃, preliminary solubility increased from 8.03% to 16.24%; differential solubility increased from 1.83% to 1.88%; theoretical release period was reduced from 51.25 d to 45.55 d. The release of nutrients was promoted by H＋ and OH-. After they were placed at room temperature within 30 d, coated fertilizers exhibited the optimal release properties.