Chemical Constituents from Ampelopsis grossedentata

Aim To study chemical constituents from Ampelopsis grossedentata. Methods Separation and purification were performed by using silica gel, polyamide, reverse-phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic techniques and silica gel PTLC. Structures were determined by means of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Results Four flavonoids were separated and identified from Ampelopsis grossedentata including dihydromyricetin (1), myricetin (2), myricitrin (3), and myricetin-3-O-β-D-galactopy...

Community-based Survey of Prevalence and Risk Factors of Syphilis among Injection Drug Users in Sichuan Province, China

Objectives: To investigate prevalence and risk fac-tors of syphilis infection among injection drug users(IDUs) in Lianshan Yizu Autonomous Region ofSichuan province, China.Methods: From November 8th 2002 to November29th 2002, a community-based cross-sectional surveywas conducted to investigate the demographic charac-teristics and sexual behaviors of a population of IDUs.Blood samples were collected to test for syphilisinfection. A total of 379 subjects were recruitedfor the study through community outreach and peerrecruiting methods.Results: Of 379 IDUs, the syphilis prevalence amongIDUs was 15.3% (58/379). Gender, years of education,history of unprotected sex with non-steady sex part-ner in the last month, number of sex partners in thelast 6 months, frequency of sex with non-steady sexpartner in the last 6 months, and number of any newsex partner(s) in the last 6 months were associatedwith syphilis infection after univariate analysis usingthe chi-squared test. Multivariate logistic regressionanalysis showed that ethnicity (OR, 2.85; 95% CI,1.55-5.25), marriage (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.04-3.62)and receiving money for sex in the last 6 months (OR, ,5.60; 95% CI, 2.65-11.85) were significantly associ-ated with syphilis infection among IDUs.Conclusions: This study found that receiving moneyfor sex in the last 6 months was significantly associ-ated with syphilis prevalence among IDUs. It isrecommended that further health education andintervention campaigns be focused on IDUs to promotesafe sexual practices.

A magnetic biocatalyst based on mussel-inspired polydopamine and its acylation of dihydromyricetin

A support made of mussel-inspired polydopamine-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （PD-MNPs） was prepared and characterized. The widely used Aspetyillus niger lipase （ANL） was immobilized on the PD-MNPs （ANL@PD-MNPs） with a protein loading of 138 mg/g and an activity recovery of 83.6% under optimized conditions. For the immobilization, the pH and immobilization time were investigated. The pH and thermal and storage stability of the ANL@PD-MNPs significant- ly surpassed those of free ANL. The ANL@PD-MNPs had better solvent tolerance than free ANL. The secondary structure of free ANL and ANL@PD-MNPs was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, A kinetic study demonstrated that the ANL@PD-MNPs had enhanced enzyme-substrate affinity and high catalytic efficiency. The ANL@PD-MNPs was applied as a biocatalyst for the regioselective acylation of dihydromyricetin （DMY） in DMSO and gave a conversion of 79.3%, which was higher than that of previous reports. The ANL@PD-MNPs retained over 55% of its initial activity after 10 cycles of reuse. The ANL@PD-MNPs were readily separated from the reaction system by a magnet. The PD-MNPs is an excellent support for ANL and the resulting ANL@PD-MNPs displayed good potential for the efficient synthesis of dihydromyricetin-3-acetate by enzymatic regioselective acylation.

Serum Levels of Interleukin-2 and -10 in Patients with Early Syphilis

Objective: To investigate the roles of interleukin-2(IL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in pathogenesis ofearly syphilis. Methods: The serum levels of IL-2 and IL-10 in 48patients with early syphilis were detected by ABC-ELISA. Results: (1) The level of IL-2 in the patients withearly syphilis was significantly higher than that inhealthy controls, while that of IL-10 was lower(P<0.001 and P<0.001). (2) The levels of IL-2 and IL-10 were almost identical in patients with primary andsecondary syphilis (P>0.05), as well as between dif-ferent RPR titers (P>0.05). (3) After therapy, the levelof IL-2 decreased markedly (P<0.05), while that of IL-10 increase (p>0.05). (4) A significant correlation wasfound between the serum levels of IL-2 and IL-10 (r=0.5385 P<0.05). Conclusions: Th1 up-regulation occurs in patientswith early syphilis, and plays an active role in fightingagainst TP infection.

Ultrastructural Study of Dermatic Tissues in Secondary Syphilis

Objective: For the purpose of understanding the changingprocess of syphilis histomorphology and its injury mechanism,the ultrastructure of dermatic tissues of secondary syphiliswas studied. Methods: Different skin injury tissues of secondary syphilispatients, whose serum RPR and TPHA tests in the lab bothappeared positive reaction, were observed throughtransmission electron microscope(TEM). Results: Inflammations appeared on epidermides and coria,a great deal of neutrocytes, lymphocytes and a small amountof plasma innltrated them. Karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis,epicyte lysis and mitochondrion vacular degenerationoccurred. Spirocheta pallida was distributed on intercellularsubstances, epicytes and collagenous fibers. The epicytes werepressed to foveation. Conclusion The pathological change ofcharacteristic tissue ultrastructure reported here is ahistomorphological foundation to study the organism injurymechanism caused by syphilis.

二氢杨梅素对醛糖还原酶的抑制作用

目的:研究二氢杨梅素体外对醛糖还原酶(AR)的影响。方法:取正常SD大鼠晶状体制备醛糖还原酶,以依帕司他1×10-7mol/L为阳性对照,观察二氢杨梅素1.0×10-5、4.0×10-5、1.4×10-4、6.4×10-4mol/L四个浓度体外对醛糖还原酶的抑制作用。结果:随着二氢杨梅素浓度的增加,醛糖还原酶的活性逐渐降低,且呈一定的剂量-效应关系,在终浓度为6.4×10-4mol/L时,其对醛糖还原酶活性的抑制率为54.3%。结论:二氢杨梅素在体外有抑制醛糖还原酶的作用。

最美的画

1顾双喜真没想到,那天就是随意一瞥,素梅的身影连同她旗袍上的那枝蓝梅就这么轻而易举地植入内心,似乎中了木马病毒一般。当天,上午九点多钟,素梅一身旗袍,浅浅的乳色打底,一树梅花从肩头往腰部延伸,泼泼洒洒很是写意,碎碎的一路步子,牵着身段上那三三两两的梅花一波一涌,就这么不经意地从车前走过。只那么一瞬,顾双喜有点走神,似乎眼前游走的,是记忆中一幅最美的画。

二氢杨梅素对糖尿病小鼠降糖作用研究

目的:研究藤茶中二氢杨梅素的降糖作用。方法:一次性尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶(75mg/kg)建立糖尿病小鼠模型,以二甲双胍为阳性对照,研究二氢杨梅素对糖尿病小鼠的体重、摄食量、饮水量、空腹血糖、糖耐量、糖原、抗氧化能力、血清胰岛素和胰腺组织的影响。结果:二氢杨梅素100、150 mg/kg对四氧嘧啶致病小鼠能极显著降低血糖;提高糖尿病小鼠的糖耐量,减少四氧嘧啶对胰岛的损害,促进糖尿病小鼠肝糖原的合成和胰岛素的分泌;提高糖尿病小鼠的抗氧化能力。结论:二氢杨梅素对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠有降糖作用,其降糖机制可能是通过提高抗氧化作用减轻四氧嘧啶对肝脏和胰岛B细胞的损伤,促进了肝糖原和胰岛素的合成。

Myricetin protects against diet-induced obesity and ameliorates oxidative stress in C57BL/6 mice

Background： Mydcetin is a naturally occurring antioxidant commonly found in various plants. However, little information is available with respect to its direct anti-obesity effects. Objective： This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of myricetin on high-fat diet （HFD）-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Results： Administration of myricetin dramatically reduced the body weight of diet-induced obese mice compared with solely HFD-induced mice. Several parameters related to obesity including serum glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol were significantly de- creased in myricetin-treated mice. Moreover, obesity-associated oxidative stress （glutathione peroxidase （GPX） activity, total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC）, and malondialdehyde （MDA）） and inflammation （tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）） were ameliorated in myricetin-treated mice. Further investigation revealed that the protective effect of my- ricetin against HFD-induced obesity in mice appeared to be partially mediated through the down-regulation of mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y （PPARF） and CCAAT/enhancer- binding protein a （C/EBPa）, and lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein lc （SREBP-1c）. Conclusions： Consumption of myricetin may help to prevent obesity and obesity-related metabolic complications.

Dihydromyricetin improves liver fat deposition in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

It has been reported that the histone/protein deacetylase SIRT1-AMP-activated protein kinase(SIRT1-AMPK)signaling pathway may play a role in the effects of dihydromyricetin(DHM)on improving triglyceride(TG)accumulation and insulin resistance in liver cells.Therefore,we aimed to further observe the effect of DHM on liver fat deposition in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice and explore its possible mechanism.C57BL/6J mice were fed with a normal diet(ND)and HFD and were treated with or without low-dose(125 mg/kg)or high-dose(250 mg/kg)DHM for 16 weeks,respectively.During the experiment,body weight was checked every 2 weeks.After 16 weeks,the orbital vein was bled,the animals were sacrificed,and the subscapular,epididymal,and inguinal fat were collected and weighed with an electronic scale.An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine the levels of serum triglyceride(TG),serum total cholesterol(TC),serum high-density lipoprotein(HDL),and serum low-density lipoprotein(LDL).The livers were stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining(H&E)and Oil Red O to detect liver fat deposition.A colorimetric method was used to detect liver MDA and SOD contents.Quantitative real-time PCR(q RT-PCR)was used to detect the gene expressions of related indicators,such as interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),acetyl-Co A carboxyl acetyl-Co A carboxylase(ACC),sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c(SREBP-1),fatty acid synthetase(FAS),peroxisome proliferator activation receptor alpha(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha,PPARα),palmitoyltransferase 1(carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1,CPT1),SIRT1,and AMPK.Western blotting analysis was used to detect the protein expression levels of SIRT1,AMPK,SIRT1-AMPK,ACC,SREBP-1,FAS,PPARα,and CPT1.Results showed that compared with the ND group,the weight and body fat of the mice in the HFD group were increased significantly.The levels of TG,TC,and LDL were increased,the level of HDL was decreased,the volume of hepatocytes was increased,the number of lipid droplets,fat deposition,MDA,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,SREBP-1c,FAS,ACC1,SIRT1,and AMPK protein levels were significantly increased,and the SOD activity,PPARα,CPT1,SIRT1 m RNA,AMPK m RNA,PPARα,CPT1 levels were significantly decreased.DHM could significantly reverse the changes of the above indexes in HFD mice,while DHM had no significant effect on the above indexes in ND mice.Collectively,our findings revealed that DHM improved liver fat deposition in HFD-induced obese mice,and the mechanism might be related to inhibition of oxidative stress,inflammation,lipid synthesis,and promotion of lipid decomposition.