素电池装盘机的设计与开发

就碱锰素电池自动装盘机的设计目的、设计要求和结构原理进行分析探讨,对设计经验和使用效果进行总结。旨在进一步提高碱锰电池生产自动化水平,提高生产效率和电池的产品质量,加快碱锰电池装备的国产化水平。

纳米碳纤素高能蓄电池

一种采用超微细材料制成的新型蓄电池,刚刚问世2年就受到全球的高度重视,那就是纳米碳纤素高能蓄电池.这种蓄电池采用纳米碳管制成纤维,再制成编织布,经处理后可制蓄电池的正、负极板.电解液为无水有机高分子电解液,能制成容量大、单体电压高的电池(3.8伏),而比能量可达230瓦·小时/公斤以上,充放电次数1 000～1 200次.采用这种碳纤素材料的蓄电池表面积比可达2 000克/平方米,所以纳米碳纤素蓄电池体积特别小,只有普通铅酸蓄电池的1/16,质量是普通铅酸蓄电池的的1/7～1/10,而比能量是近来出现的锂电池的近2倍,而且取材方便.

9V单体自动套管机的研发与设计

针对9V碱锰单体素电池自动套管机的设计目的、设计要求和结构原理进行分析探讨,对设计经验和使用效果进行总结。旨在进一步提高9V碱锰电池生产自动化水平,提高生产效率和电池质量。

Carbon Foam Anode Modified by Urea and Its Higher Electrochemical Performance in Marine Benthic Microbial Fuel Cell

Electrode materials have an important effect on the property of microbial fuel cell(MFC). Carbon foam is utilized as an anode and further modified by urea to improve its performance in marine benthic microbial fuel cell(BMFC) with higher voltage and output power. The electrochemical properties of plain carbon foam(PC) and urea-modified carbon foam(UC) are measured respectively. Results show that the UC obtains better wettability after its modification and higher anti-polarization ability than the PC. A novel phenomenon has been found that the electrical potential of the modified UC anode is nearly 100 m V lower than that of the PC, reaching-570 ±10 m V(vs. SCE), and that it also has a much higher electron transfer kinetic activity, reaching 9399.4 m W m-2, which is 566.2-fold higher than that from plain graphite anode(PG). The fuel cell containing the UC anode has the maximum power density(256.0 m W m-2) among the three different BMFCs. Urea would enhance the bacteria biofilm formation with a more diverse microbial community and maintain more electrons, leading to a lower anodic redox potential and higher power output. The paper primarily analyzes why the electrical potential of the modified anode becomes much lower than that of others after urea modification. These results can be utilized to construct a novel BMFC with higher output power and to design the conditioner of voltage booster with a higher conversion ratio. Finally, the carbon foam with a bigger pore size would be a potential anodic material in conventional MFC.

Preparation of LiFePO_4 for lithium ion battery using Fe_2P_2O_7 as precursor

In order to obtain a new precursor for LiFePO4, Fe2P2O7 with high purity was prepared through solid phase reaction at 650 ℃ using starting materials of FeC2O4 and NH4H2PO4 in an argon atmosphere. Using the as-prepared Fe2P2O7, Li2CO3 and glucose as raw materials, pure LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C composite materials were respectively synthesized by solid state reaction at 700 ℃ in an argon atmosphere. X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） were employed to characterize the as-prepared Fe2P2O7, LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C. The as-prepared Fe2P2O7 crystallizes in the Cl space group and belongs to β-Fe2P2O7 for crystal phase. The particle size distribution of Fe2P2O7 observed by SEM is 0.4-3.0 μm. During the Li^＋ ion chemical intercalation, radical P2O7^4- is disrupted into two PO4^3- ions in the presence of O^2-, thus providing a feasible technique to dispose this poor dissolvable pyrophosphate. LiFePO4/C composite exhibits initial charge and discharge capacities of 154 and 132 mA·h/g, respectively.

纳米炭纤素高能蓄电池发展前景看好

一种采用超微细材料的新型电池，已刚刚问世两年就受到全球的高度重视，那就是纳米碳纤素电池。这种电池采用纳米碳管制成纤维，再制相应的编织布，经处理后可制电池的正、负极板。电锌液为无水有机高分子电解液，能制成容量大、单体电压高的电池（3.8V），而比能量可达230wh／kg以上。充放电次数1000次至1200次，采用这种碳纤素材料的表面积比可达2000平方米／克，

Errors Prediction for Vector-to-Raster Conversion Based on Map Load and Cell Size

Vector-to-raster conversion is a process accompanied with errors.The errors are classified into predicted errors before rasterization and actual errors after that.Accurate prediction of the errors is beneficial to developing reasonable rasterization technical schemes and to making products of high quality.Analyzing and establishing a quantitative relationship between the error and its affecting factors is the key to error prediction.In this study,land cover data of China at a scale of 1:250 000 were taken as an example for analyzing the relationship between rasterization errors and the density of arc length(DA),the density of polygon(DP) and the size of grid cells(SG).Significant correlations were found between the errors and DA,DP and SG.The correlation coefficient(R2) of a model established based on samples collected in a small region(Beijing) reaches 0.95,and the value of R2 is equal to 0.91 while the model was validated with samples from the whole nation.On the other hand,the R2 of a model established based on nationwide samples reaches 0.96,and R2 is equal to 0.91 while it was validated with the samples in Beijing.These models depict well the relationships between rasterization errors and their affecting factors(DA,DP and SG).The analyzing method established in this study can be applied to effectively predicting rasterization errors in other cases as well.

Development of the Tiny Current Test of nA

The sensor of ray made use of photosensitive element translate the light signal into the electric signal, its keenness wavelength is by wavelength of observable ray, includes the infrared＇s wavelength and ultraviolet radiation＇s wavelengthth. The sensor of ray is not only used for detecting ray but also used for composing the other sensor. It can detect many non-electric signal, the premise should translate the non-electric signal into the light signal. The sensor of ray is a sort of most output and application being most extensive, it is very important in the field of automatic control and none-electric test art.

Organic indoor light harvesters achieving recorded output power over 500%enhancement under thermal radiated illuminances

Organic photovoltaic(OPV)cells have found their potential applications in the harvest of indoor light photons.However,the output power of such indoor devices is usually far from the demand of the internet of things.Therefore,it is essential to boost the output power of indoor organic photovoltaics to a much higher level.As wildly deployed among industrial and civil luminous environments,thermal radiation-based indoor light sources are alternative candidates to supply the essential power of the off-grid electronics with a broad consecutive emission spectrum.In this work,we evaluated the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells under indoor incandescent and halogen illuminations.Impressively,under such thermal radiations,an improvement over 500%of the output power density can be achieved in comparison with that under light-emitting diodes and fluorescent lamps,reaching a record high value of 279.1 lWcm^(-2) by the PM6:Y6-based device.The remarkable power output is originated from the extra near-infrared spectrum of indoor thermal lights,which restricts the effective area under 10 cm^(2) in achieving 1 mW output power.This work clarifies the feasibility of collecting photons radiated from indoor thermal light sources through OPV cells,and enlightens the further applications of indoor OPV cells under multiple illumination environments.

The electrochemical performance of super P carbon black in reversible Li/Na ion uptake

Super P carbon black (SPCB) has been widely used as a conducting additive in Li/Na ion batteries to improve the electronic conductivity. However, there has not yet been a comprehensive study on its structure and electrochemical properties for Li/Na ion uptake, though it is important to characterize its contribution in any study of active materials that uses this additive in non-negligible amounts. In this article the structure of SPCB has been characterized and a comprehensive study on the electrochemical Li/Na ion uptake capability and reaction mechanisms are reported. SPCB exhibits a considerable lithiation capacity (up to 310 mAh g^(–1)) from the Li ion intercalation in the graphite structure. Sodiation in SPCB undergoes two stages: Na ion intercalation into the layers between the graphene sheets and the Na plating in the pores between the nano-graphitic domains, and a sodiation capacity up to 145 mAh g^(–1) has been achieved. Moreover, the influence of the type and content of binders on the lithiation and sodiation properties has been investigated. The cycling stability is much enhanced with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) binder in the electrode and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in the electrolyte; and a higher content of binder improves the Coulombic efficiency during dis-/charge.

Mechanical properties of individual core-shell-structured Sn O2@C nanofibers investigated by atomic force microscopy and finite element method

Although SnO_2-based nanomaterials used to be considered as being extraordinarily versatile for application to nanosensors,microelectronic devices, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors and other devices, the functionalities of SnO_2-based nanomaterials are severely limited by their intrinsic vulnerabilities. Facile electrospinning was used to prepare SnO_2 nanofibers coated with a protective carbon layer. The mechanical properties of individual core-shell-structured SnO_2@C nanofibers were investigated by atomic force microscopy and the finite element method. The elastic moduli of the carbon-coated SnO_2 nanofibers remarkably increased, suggesting that coating SnO_2 nanofibers with carbon could be an effective method of improving their mechanical properties.