素*环上Jordan*可乘映射

设A是包含非平凡投影P的单位素*环,运用标准讨论的方法,研究A上的Jordan*可乘双射和Jordan*triple可乘双射是*同构或*反同构。若双射ф:A→A满足ф(AB*+B*A)=ф(A)ф(B)*+ф(B)*ф(A),当且仅当ф为*环同构或*环反同构;若双射ф满足ф(AB*A)=ф(A)ф(B)*ф(A),当且仅当ф为*同构,或共轭*同构,或*反同构,或共轭*反同构。

环孢素A联合地尔硫卓引起嘴唇水肿、呕吐1例

1例15岁男性患者因反复浮肿伴皮疹住院,既往有狼疮肾炎2年余。入院前使用激素和吗替麦考酚酯治疗,狼疮肾炎控制效果不佳,不良反应明显。入院后停用激素,改用环孢素联合地尔硫卓治疗,患者出现嘴唇水肿、呕吐、发热等不良反应。停用两药后对症治疗,明显好转,5 d后恢复正常,1周后给予他克莫司胶囊未出现类似症状。

抗胸腺球蛋白联合环孢素A治疗儿童再生障碍性贫血的疗效观察

目的观察抗胸腺球蛋白(ATG)联合环孢素A(Cs A)治疗儿童再生障碍性贫血(AA)的疗效,探讨提高儿童AA疗效的有效方案。方法回顾性分析52例在我院接受正规治疗并且门诊随访时间超过6个月AA患儿的临床资料,其中重型再障(SAA)24例,慢性再障(CAA)28例,所有患儿按治疗方案不同分为2组,对照组为单用Cs A治疗,治疗组为ATG联合Cs A治疗,比例两组患儿的疗效。结果 CAA组患儿的总有效率为82.1%(23/28),SAA患者总有效率为50.0%(12/24);28例CAA患儿中接受对照组治疗27例,总有效率为81.5%(22/27),接受治疗组治疗1例,总有效率100.0(1/1),两组有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);24例SAA患儿中接受治疗组治疗8例,总有效率25.0%(2/8),接受对照组治疗16例,总有效率75.0%(12/16),治疗组有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ATG联合Cs A治疗儿童SAA疗效佳,可作为缺乏合适供体进行造血干细胞移植患儿的首选治疗方式。

大鼠动脉粥样硬化病变各阶段内皮依赖性舒张功能以及亲环素A表达的变化

目的:观察高脂饮食喂养大鼠动脉粥样硬化病变各阶段内皮依赖性舒张功能的改变以及亲环素A(Cy PA)的表达变化。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠30只随机分为4组,对照组(6只),动脉粥样硬化8周组(AS 8W组)8只,动脉粥样硬化12周组(AS 12W组)8只,动脉粥样硬化15周组(AS 15W组)8只。给予动脉粥样硬化组高脂饲料喂养,并给予维生素D3注射液60万IU/kg一次性腹腔注射,对照组给予基础饲料喂养。同期处死大鼠,分离腹主动脉,行苏木素伊红(HE)染色,免疫组化法检测动脉壁Cy PA的表达。另外截取约5 mm新鲜大鼠腹主动脉环,在离体器官浴槽中观察离体腹主动脉环对乙酰胆碱舒张反应。结果:随着造模时间的进展,各组大鼠分别呈现出了血管正常结构、内皮细胞破坏,平滑肌细胞增生、粥样斑块形成以及钙化斑块形成等不同的病变特征。内皮依赖性舒张功能进行性下降,对照组、AS 8W组、AS 12W组、AS 15W组最大舒张度分别为(93.46±2.80)%、(82.58±3.25)%、(61.19±3.72)%、(41.28±2.68)%,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。血管内皮细胞以及平滑肌细胞Cy PA的表达不断增加,四组大鼠Cy PA平均光密度测定分别为0.25±0.06、0.34±0.09、0.53±0.09、0.68±0.13,各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论:Cy PA的表达随着病变进展不断增加,内皮依赖血管舒张功能进行性下降。Cy PA的表达与动脉粥样硬化病变严重程度有关。Cy PA可能是动脉粥样硬化的始动因素之一。

异基因造血干细胞移植患者体内环孢素浓度测定及分析

目的 建立一种方便可行的环孢素A（CsA）药物浓度测定方法,并对该院2012—2014年间异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）患者的CsA浓度监测结果加以分析,为临床使用CsA的有效性和安全性提供参考。方法 采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）,血样经预处理后采用UltimateXB-C18色谱柱分离;流动相为乙腈—水（85∶15）;流速1.2mL·min-1;柱温65℃;检测波长λ=214nm。结果 CsA血药浓度在50~1000μg·L-1范围内,标准曲线线性关系良好（r=0.9998）,相对回收率为96.65%~101.82%,绝对回收率为91.78%~94.34%,日间及日内精密度RSD均小于4%。监测allo-HSCT患者共44例,其中23例CsA平均血药浓度在目标浓度范围内（200~400μg·L-1）;累计检测635例次,其中430例次在目标浓度范围内（200~400μg·L-1）。结论 该方法方便、快速、可行,可用于临床CsA样本的测定。allo-HSCT患者体内CsA浓度与发生移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）、药品不良反应（ADR）概率有相关性,平均血药浓度小于200μg·L-1的患者组更易发生移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）,而平均血药浓度大于400μg·L-1的患者组更易发生药物相关ADR反应,对allo-HSCT患者进行CsA浓度监测具有重要的临床意义。

Re-searching nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)has been a focus of medical research for more than 100 years,with significant interest emerging over the last 58 years following the identification of the link between the disease and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection.NPC possesses several distinctive characteristics among human cancers,notably its well-documented global epidemiology,which reveals localized high-incidence regions primarily in Southeast Asia,particularly in the Southern provinces of China near the Pearl river,as well as in Greenland and North Africa.Epidemiological data indicate a marked male predominance,early disease onset,and a nearly 100%prevalence of latent EBV infection in the tumors.Due to lack of consistent pattern of cancer-related mutations in NPC genomes and excessive DNA-methylation in the tumor cells,NPC can be considered"an epigenetic cancer".Despite extensive researches,convincing biological explanations for these unique characteristics remain elusive.Recently,suggestive evidence has been published that specific local variants of EBV may represent major high risk factors.In spite of tumor and virus specific immunity,it has not been possible to use this for improved treatment.Ongoing studies on the role of the local microflora and tumor microenvironment are essential for a comprehensive understanding of host-EBV-tumor interactions.Ultimately,this knowledge aims to enhance diagnosis,disease fractionation,treatment strategies,and potentially prevention of NPC.

Photoinhibition in Shaded Cotton Leaves After Exposing to High Light and the Time Course of Its Restoration

Chlorophyll fluorescence emission, pigment composition and photosynthetic rate of shade-grown cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants were measured immediately after suddenly exposing to full sunlight and at regular intervals there after within 15 d. Photoinhibition occurred in shade-grown cotton leaves immediately after exposed to full sunlight. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F-v/F-m and PhiPS II, which reflect the efficiency of PS II,obviously decreased in shade-grown leaves, much lower than that of the full sunlight-grown leaves. On the contrary, F-o value was sharply increased. Neither of these parameters could completely recover till next morning. The photoinhibition was chronic and continued for about 4 d, while the F-v/F-m and the net photosynthetic rate ( P-n) continued to decline, then began to increase gradually 6 d later and turned stable after 10 - 12 d, appearing as an acclimation phenomenon. However, the final value of F-v/F-m and P-n did not reach the level as in those leaves grown in the full sunlight ever before. The final P-n was higher by 60% than that before exposure, but lower for more than 40% than that of the full sunlight-grown leaves. The most notable response of chloroplast pigment composition was a pronounced increase in the pool size of carotenoids in xanthophyll cycle over a period of 3 d. The results indicated that when shade-grown cotton seedlings were suddenly transferred to the full sunlight, the decline of F-v/F-m and P-n might associate with the damage of the PS II reaction center. During the light acclimation, photoprotective mechanisms such as the xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation were increased, so that photodamage in leaves transferred from low to high light might be reduced.

Photoinhibition and Photoprotection in Ginkgo biloba leaves: Influence of Temperature, CO 2 and O 2

In midday ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba L.) leaves have to bear photon flux density over 1400 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 in combination with high temperatures around 35 ℃ at natural habitat. They show typical midday depression of stomatal conductance and of CO 2 assimilation rate. The zeaxanthin changes with light intensity during the day. The influence of the combination of strong light and temperature on photoinhibition was also examined in the laboratory. A low CO 2 internal conductance (31 mmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) was found in ginkgo leaves, which had been exposed to excessive light at temperature between 15 ℃ and 35 ℃ with reduced CO 2 (80 μL·L -1 ) or oxygen (2%) for 2 h, causing a low CO 2 concentration at the carboxylation site and a high proportion of photorespiration. The ratio of electron transport to CO 2 fixation was rather high in ginkgo (16 e -/CO 2 at 25 ℃) as compared with other plants. It increased with temperature also in 2% O 2 which could not be explained solely as due to change of photorespiration. The reduction of oxygen in 340 or 80 μL·L -1 CO 2 had no effect on the extent of photoinhibition at all temperatures, which indicated that electron flow caused by photorespiration in excess light was negligible in protective effect in ginkgo leaves. However, a decreased CO 2 concentration increased photoinhibition, especially at high temperature. It is concluded that the dissipation of excessive excitation energy in the PSⅡ antennae through the xanthophyll cycle may be the major protective mechanism to preventing from the deteriorated effects of strong light in ginkgo leaves.

Grey Relational Analysis between Chlorophyll a and Environmental Factors in ShaHu Lake

[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of environmental factors on the content of Chlorophyll a in ShaHu Lake.[Method] Based on the data in Shahu Lake from November in 2007 to September in 2008,the relationship between chlorophyll a and environmental factors like water temperature,pH,secchi-depth （SD）,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and potassium permanganate index was studied by grey relational analysis method.[Result] The main environmental factors affecting the content of Chlorophyll a in ShaHu Lake were in order of water temperature potassium permanganate index 〉total nitrogen 〉pH〉 total phosphorus 〉SD.[Conclusion] The research provides reference for the control of eutrophication and the reasonable development and utilization of Shahu Lake.

Xanthophyll Cycle and Its Molecular Mechanism in Photoprotection

When plants absorb more light than that can be used for photosynthesis, the excessive energy can cause photoinhibition and even photooxidation of photosynthetic apparatus. Xanthophyll cycle-dependent photo-protection is believed to be the main mechanism for plants to deal with excessive light energy. This review focuses on molecular biological aspects and regulations of violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase involved in xanthophyll cycle. We will summarize the functions of xanthophyll cycle, especially recent advances in its thermal dissipation mechanism of photoprotection. Some interesting issues deserving further study will be discussed.

环孢素A治疗小儿难治性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜的疗效

目的探讨环孢素A(CsA)治疗儿童难治性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(RITP)的疗效及安全性。方法 RITP患儿47例分为两组:CsA组23例予CsA 5mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)分2次口服;长春新碱组24例,予长春新碱0.02mg/kg,静脉滴注8h,每周1次。两组治疗3个月后观察疗效及不良反应,并追踪随访复发情况。结果 CsA组有效率为78.26%(18/23),高于长春新碱组的37.50%(9/24)(P<0.01)。两组不良反应及随访复发情况均相仿(P>0.05)。CsA组有效治疗的患儿血小板计数升高,血小板相关免疫球蛋白降低,产血小板巨核细胞增加(P<0.01)。结论CsA治疗RITP患儿疗效明显,不良反应小。

The Protective Role of Xanthophyll Cycle in Resurrection Angiosperm Boea hygrometrica During Dehydration and Rehydration

The protective role of xanthophyll cycle in resurrection angiosperm Boea hygrometrica (Bunge) R.Br. was investigated by analysis of the changes of chlorophyll fluorescence and xanthophyll cycle components in response to dehydration and rehydration in detached leaves under very weak light condition (3 mumol photons.m(-2).s(-1)) and in the dark. With declines in the values of PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSII actual quantum yield (Phi(PSII)), photochemical quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) during dehydration, zeaxanthin significantly increased in control Boea leaves under very weak light condition, while no zeaxanthin accumulation was detected in Boea leaves treated with dithiothreitol (DTT) and Boea leaves in the dark, and after 3 d rehydration, the parameters Fv/Fm, Phi(PSII), qP and NPQ showed full recovery in control Boea leaves under very weak light condition, but the parameters only underwent partial recovery in Boea leaves treated with DTT and Boea leaves in the dark, suggesting that the recovery of photosystem II (PSII) photochemical activities in Boea leaves was obviously affected by treatments with DTT and darkness, therefore, zeaxanthin may play an important protective role in desiccated Boea leaves even under very weak light conditions.

Molecular Cloning and Expression of Carotenogenic Genes in Yellowish and Mutant Whitish Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Fruits

ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the factors regulating carotenoid accumulation in flesh color. MethodA loquat mutation （red-or orange-fleshed plant emerged a bud mutation of white-flesh in trunk） was used as material; HPLC analysis of β-carotene content was conducted. ResultThe β-carotene concentration in the flesh of wild and mutant types was 60.9 and 4.6 μg/g fresh weight, respectively. According to the conserved regions of genes from rose family genome, carotenogenic gene fragments in wild and mutant types were obtained. No nucleotide variation of the carotenogenic gene fragments was observed between wild and mutant genome. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Q-PCR） was compared and one carotenogenic gene, β-ring hydroxylase （HYB） were considerably suppressed in mature mutant loquat fruits compared with that in wild. The other six carotenogenic genes were also expressed but the expression patterns appeared to be not correlated with the amount of β-carotene concentration in wild loquat flesh. ConclusionThe mutant whitish loquat lacks the ability to synthesize β-carotene because of the transcriptional down-regulation of carotenogenic gene HYB.

Preparation and characterization of ternary magnetic g-C_3N_4 composite photocatalysts for removal of tetracycline under visible light

A stable PNIPAM/Fe_3O_4/g-C_3N_4 composite photocatalyst was designed and prepared by a thermal photoinitiation technology.The structure and properties of the materials were characterized and the composite photocatalyst was found to show good stability for tetracycline degradation.The sample not only retained the magnetic properties of Fe_3O_4,allowing it to be recycled,but its photocatalytic properties could also be changed by controlling the temperature of the reaction system.The degradation intermediate products of tetracycline were further investigated by MS.This work provides a new facile strategy for the development of intelligent and recyclable photocatalytic materials.

Photochemical Efficiency of PSⅡ and Membrane Lipid Peroxidation in Leaves of indica and japonica Rice (Oryza sativa) Under Chilling Temperature and Strong Light Stress Conditions

Relationships between fluorescence parameters and membrane lipid peroxidation in leaves of indica and japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) during later growth stage were studied under chilling temperature and strong light stress conditions. Results showed that D1 protein contents of PSⅡ in photosynthetic apparatus dropped, the generation of antheraxanthin (A) and zeaxanthin (Z) of xanthophyll cycle were inhibited partly, PSⅡ photochemical efficiency (F v/F m)and non-photochemical quenching (q N) were also decreased obviously. In addition, endogenous active oxygen scavenger—superoxide dismutase (SOD) reduced, superoxide anion radical (O -· 2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated, as a result, photooxidation of leaves occurred under chilling temperature and strong light stress conditions. Obvious differences in the changes of the above mentioned physiological parameters between indica and japonica rice were observed. Experiments in leaves treated with inhibitors under chilling temperature and strong light conditions showed that indica rice was more sensitive to chilling temperature with strong light and subjected to photooxidation more than japonica rice. Notable positive correlation between D1 protein contents and F v/F m or (A+Z)/(A+Z+V), and a marked negative correlation between F v/F m and MDA contents were obtained by regression analysis in indica and japonica rice during chilling temperature and strong light conditions. According to the facts mentioned above, it was inferred that PSⅡ photochemical efficiency(F v/F m) was the key index to forecast for the prediction of photooxidation under stress circumstances and the physiological basis were the synthetic capacity of D1 protein and the protection of xanthophyll cycle.

Photosynthesis of Resurrection Angiosperms

Resurrection plants which are able to quickly reactivate after falling into a period of anabiosis caused by dehydration have been very rare among angiosperms, especially among dicotyledons whose chlorophyll content and chloroplast structure little changed in the course of desiccation, therefore has been called homoiochlorophyllous desiccation-tolerant plants (HDTs). Another type of resurrection angiosperms that lost its chlorophyll dining desiccation is called poikilochlorophyllous desiccation-tolerant plants (PDTs). HDTs have been received more attention because of simplicity of protection mechanism which is much easy to the study and utilization of the desiccation tolerance of resurrection angiosperms. Recent advances in studies of photosynthesis of resurrection angiosperms indicate that photochemical activities are sensitive indicators for the study of physiological state of resurrection angiosperms during desiccation and rehydration. Photochemical activities of resurrection angiosperms are inhibited with loss of water similar to those of general plants, however, the magic thing is that they could reactivate rapidly during rehydration even losing more than 95% water. Up-regulations in xanthophyll cycle and antioxidative systems as well as preservation in integrity and stability of photosynthetic membranes during desiccation may be very important to desiccation tolerance of resurrection angiosperms. The fact that phosphate treatment in rehydration stage also strongly influences resurrection indicated importance of studies on rehydration stages of resurrection angiosperms.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of Violaxanthin De-Epoxidase (VDE) cDNA in Wheat

Violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) is the key enzyme in the xanthophyll cycle and protects plant photosynthetic apparatus from the damage of excessive light. A wheat (Triticum aestivum L cv. Xiaoyan 54) VDE cDNA was obtained using RT-PCR method. Its deduced protein sequence shares high identity with that of Arabidopsis and rice. Southern blot revealed that there are three copies of VDE gene per haploid genome of wheat. VDE transcript levels were higher in green leaf than in root, seed and etiolated leaf. Northern blotting analysis indicated that VDE mRNA level is induced during greening process of etiolated wheat seedling and increased by intense light illumination.

Research on the Relationship between Three Isomers of Microcystins and Environmental Factors

[Objective] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors were studied in the fields.[Method] Three isomers of microcystins （MC-LR,RR and YR） from water of five sampling spots in a northern reservoir were observed for one year with High Performance Liquid Chromatography analytical method in order to study the relationship between three isomers and environmental factors.[Result] The three isomers of microcystins showed positive correlation with chlorophyll a;LR and YR isomers all had significant linear positive correlations with the water temperature,but the RR isomer showed no significant correlation with the water temperature;LR and YR isomers had relatively significantly correlativities with the contents of total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and organic nitrogen,while the RR isomer only showed a significant negative correlation with the content of nitrate nitrogen;LR and RR isomers both showed significant positive correlations with the contents of total phosphorus and organic phosphorus,while the phosphorus hardly affected the YR isomer and showed no evident correlation.[Conclusion] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors such as chlorophyll a,water temperature,nitrogen,phosphorus were studied and investigated the reasons,which might offered a reference for controlling the growth of blue algae in water and toxin synthesis.

Photoinhibition and Photooxidation in Leaves of indica and japonica Rice Under Different Temperatures and Light Intensities

Physiological indices related to the efficiency (F-v/F-m) of light energy conversion in PS II and the peroxidation of membrane lipid were measured in leaves of Oryza sativa L. sp. indica rice cv. 'Shanyou 63' and sp. japonica rice cv. '9516'' under different temperatures and fight intensities for 4 days. No changes in F-v/F-m and membrane lipid peroxidation product (MDA) were observed, so neither photoinhibition nor photooxidation happened in both rice cultivars under moderate temperature and medium light intensity. However, F-v/F-m dropped obviously with no change in MDA contents, and photoinhibition appeared in indica rice cv. 'Shanyou 63' under medium temperature and strong light intensity. Furthermore, both photoinhibition and photooxidation were observed in two rice cultivars under chilling temperature and strong light intensity. Experiments with inhibitors under chilling temperature and strong light intensity showed that indica rice had a decrease in DI protein content and SOD activity, and the extent of inhibition of xanthophyll. cycle and nonphotochemical quenching (qN) was larger, and a higher level of MDA was observed. The photoinhibition and photooxidation in indica rice were more distinct as compared with japonica rice. The authors suggested that PS II light energy conversion efficiency (F-v/F-m) and membrane lipid peroxidation were the key indices for the detection of photooxidation.

钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂治疗特发性膜性肾病的回顾性研究

目的：探讨钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂对首诊特发性膜性肾病（idiopathic membranous ne-phropathy,IMN）和难治性 IMN患者的有效性。方法回顾性分析第二军医大学长征医院肾内科确诊并常规随访的 IMN患者72例,其中33例为经血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（angiotension conversion enzyme inhibitor,ACEI）或血管紧张素受体拮抗剂（angiotensin receptor blocker,ARB）等保守治疗6个月未缓解的首诊 IMN患者,39例为经环磷酰胺治疗6个月未缓解的难治性 IMN 患者。门诊定期随访其患者24 h尿蛋白定量、血白蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸、血胆固醇、三酰甘油、环孢素 A（cyclos-porine A,CsA）和他克莫司（tacrolimus,FK-506）浓度等指标,分析其对钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂的治疗反应并对患者的缓解率及复发率进行观察。随访时间为6~12个月。结果首诊 IMN 患者中,CsA组治疗后第3、6及12个月时,24 h尿蛋白定量（F=36.36,P〈0.0001）、血白蛋白水平（F=20.81,P〈0.0001）、血总胆固醇（F=15.35,P=0.0015）分别较治疗前明显好转；FK-506组治疗后第3、6及12个月时,24 h尿蛋白定量（F=40.06,P〈0.01）、血白蛋白水平（F=34.42,P〈0.0001）、血总胆固醇（F=23.15,P〈0.0001）分别较治疗前也明显好转。难治性 IMN患者中,CsA 组治疗后第3、6及12个月时,24 h尿蛋白定量（F=46.6,P〈0.0001）和血白蛋白（F=25.57,P〈0.0001）分别明显好转；FK-506组治疗后第3、6及12个月时,24 h尿蛋白定量（F=51.5,P〈0.0001）和血白蛋白（F=31.62,P〈0.0001）亦分别明显好转。缓解率随治疗时间延长而增长,但环孢素 A 及他克莫司在肾病缓解方面的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂联合小剂量激素不仅对首诊 IMN有效,对环磷酰胺无效的难治性 IMN仍有效,且两类钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂在治疗效果方面差异无统计学意义,不良反应发生率较低且可调控。