The authors developed a model to estimate annual tree growth based on tree-ring data (Abbr. TGTRing model) derived from the trunk at 0.5,1.3 and 2.5 m height. This model was applied to estimate the annual biomass and ...The authors developed a model to estimate annual tree growth based on tree-ring data (Abbr. TGTRing model) derived from the trunk at 0.5,1.3 and 2.5 m height. This model was applied to estimate the annual biomass and carbon accumulation of a plantation in Qianyanzhou Red-Soil Hill Comprehensive Development Experimental Station of CAS in Taihe County,Jiangxi Province (Abbr. Qianyanzhou). The results showed that the inflexion points of the biomass and carbon accumulation curves occur at 17 and 18 years of age,respectively,in masson pine,whilst both inflexion points occurred at 15 years in slash pine and Chinese fir. The biomass and carbon accumulation in Chinese fir proved to be greater in the last 20 years than in the other species,with 171.697 t/hm2 and 92.29 tc/hm2,respectively. masson pine,with a biomass of 133.84 t/hm2 and a carbon accumulation of 73.92 tc/hm2 was the lowest whilst slash pine was intermediate with a biomass of 147.639 t/hm2 (unturpentined) and 135.743 t/hm2 (turpentined),and a carbon accumulation of 80.18 tc/hm2 (unturpentined) and 73.72 tc/hm2 (turpentined). In 2006,the total biomass and carbon storage of the tree stratum of masson pine in Qianyanzhou was 3324.43 t and 14,156.64 tc,respectively,whilst the values for Chinese fir were 1326.97 t and 713.27 tc. For slash pine the total biomass was 14,156.64 t (unturpentined) and 13,015.97 t (turpentined),and the total carbon storage was 7 688.21 tc (unturpentined) and 7068.78 tc (turpentined). Following the shaving of slash pine for resin,the total biomass was reduced by 1140.67 t and the total carbon storage fell by 619.43 tc.展开更多
The globe has been confronting a new set of challenges. Such challenges are unique to each country context. The overarching challenge, all above other challenges is, to seek appropriate knowledge as a tool and mean to...The globe has been confronting a new set of challenges. Such challenges are unique to each country context. The overarching challenge, all above other challenges is, to seek appropriate knowledge as a tool and mean to resolve such challenges. A critical such knowledge to be accumulated in all days is on how to develop people or human resources. However, with the existing knowledge claims in this regard, countries have been unable to resolve such challenges. Human Development, one such knowledge claim, is too broader, and therefore, no guided protocol is suggested in finding solutions. Human Resource Development, as another such knowledge claim is too limited in scope to address broader level challenges. National Human Resource Development （NHRD） has emerged to bridge this gap, emphasising people oriented solutions to resolve country level challenges. The NHRD literature encourages NHRD country case studies, and that, justifications for starting NHRD country case studies is needed. This study justifies such a research on NHRD practices in Malaysia＇s country context, using content analysis. As a result, this study has shown higher level country challenges, derived a need of people based approach in resolving such challenges, highlighted NHRD as capable as possible in guiding to establish people development knowledge claim, and finally justified an NHRD research to be done within Malaysia＇s context to see how Malaysia practices NHRD.展开更多
Human activities make strong effects on soil formation. Anthropogenic soils are much more intensive and extensive in China for their history of agricultural production can be dated back to more than 7 000 years ago.Ow...Human activities make strong effects on soil formation. Anthropogenic soils are much more intensive and extensive in China for their history of agricultural production can be dated back to more than 7 000 years ago.Owing to different physical conditions and land uses, the aothropogenic soil-forming processes are various.Anthrosols are proposed, and the corresponding soil order is set up in Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST). Mainly based on 6 Anthropogenic diagnostic horizons, which are anthraquic epipedon, hydragric horizon, irragric epipedon, cumulic epipedon, fimic epipedon and agric horizon, the Anthrosols Order is subdivided into 2 soil suborders and 4 soil groups. Meanwhile the classification of Anthrosols in CST has been basically accepted as the classification of Anthrosols in World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB).展开更多
This paper presents a brief analysis of the frequency and cumulative distributions of Americans＇ annual household income. In addition, a thorough discussion of the correlations between average income and some key dem...This paper presents a brief analysis of the frequency and cumulative distributions of Americans＇ annual household income. In addition, a thorough discussion of the correlations between average income and some key demographic variables are included. The data come from the 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances. Utilizing the Survey a new, extraordinarily close, power law, relationship between current annual household income and accumulated financial assets is demonstrated. Another startling result is that the dependence of mean annual income on portfolio composition has nearly perfect power law dependence too. As money has scale, and power laws do not, this makes no sense.展开更多
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipids and deposition of fibrous elements in the vascular wall, which is the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein ...Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipids and deposition of fibrous elements in the vascular wall, which is the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) is a metabolic sensor of energy metabolism that regulates multiple physiological processes, including lipid and glucose metabolism and the normalization of energy imbalances. Overwhelming evidence indicates that AMPK activation markedly attenuates atherosclerosis development. Autophagy inhibits cell apoptosis and inflammation and promotes cholesterol efflux and efferocytosis. Physiological autophagy is essential for maintaining normal cardiovascular function. Increasing evidence demonstrates that autophagy occurs in developing atherosclerotic plaques. Emerging evidence indicates that AMPK regulates autophagy via a downstream signaling pathway. The complex relationship between AMPK and autophagy has attracted the attention of many researchers because of this close relationship to atherosclerosis development. This review demonstrates the role of AMPK and autophagy in atherosclerosis. An improved understanding of this interrelationship will create novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.展开更多
Plants are the ultimate source of nutrients in the human diet. To ensure adequate availability of high quality food for an increasing world population, traits including improved tolerance of stresses and nutrient leve...Plants are the ultimate source of nutrients in the human diet. To ensure adequate availability of high quality food for an increasing world population, traits including improved tolerance of stresses and nutrient levels need to be selected in crops, both individually and in combination. Here we report the identification of SIMX1 encoding a MIXTA-like MYB transcription factor in tomato that simultaneously modulates drought resistance and metabolic processes through regulating key structural and regulatory genes of the corre- sponding pathways. Over-expression of SIMX1 results in substantially increased drought tolerance and improved fruit quality, while knocking down SIMX1 resulted in the opposite phenotypes. Our study indicates an effective way with multiplebeneficial traits by genetic engineering of a single regulatory gene and can be a novel approach to breeding crops.展开更多
This paper studies the following cooperative investment game with two agents. At the start of the game, both the agents＇ capital are collected. The total capital are then invested according to a certain trading strat...This paper studies the following cooperative investment game with two agents. At the start of the game, both the agents＇ capital are collected. The total capital are then invested according to a certain trading strategy. At a certain time To one agent quits the cooperation and they divide the wealth among themselves. During the remaining period [To, T], the other agent invests his/her capital following a possibly different trading strategy. By stochastic optimization method combined with the theory of Backward Stochastic Differential Equations （BSDEs, for short）, we give an equivalent characterization of the Pareto optimal cooperative strategies.展开更多
基金The International Science and Technology Cooperative Program of China, No.2006DFB91920Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.KZCX2-YW-305-3National Key Technology R&D Program, No.2006BAC08B00
文摘The authors developed a model to estimate annual tree growth based on tree-ring data (Abbr. TGTRing model) derived from the trunk at 0.5,1.3 and 2.5 m height. This model was applied to estimate the annual biomass and carbon accumulation of a plantation in Qianyanzhou Red-Soil Hill Comprehensive Development Experimental Station of CAS in Taihe County,Jiangxi Province (Abbr. Qianyanzhou). The results showed that the inflexion points of the biomass and carbon accumulation curves occur at 17 and 18 years of age,respectively,in masson pine,whilst both inflexion points occurred at 15 years in slash pine and Chinese fir. The biomass and carbon accumulation in Chinese fir proved to be greater in the last 20 years than in the other species,with 171.697 t/hm2 and 92.29 tc/hm2,respectively. masson pine,with a biomass of 133.84 t/hm2 and a carbon accumulation of 73.92 tc/hm2 was the lowest whilst slash pine was intermediate with a biomass of 147.639 t/hm2 (unturpentined) and 135.743 t/hm2 (turpentined),and a carbon accumulation of 80.18 tc/hm2 (unturpentined) and 73.72 tc/hm2 (turpentined). In 2006,the total biomass and carbon storage of the tree stratum of masson pine in Qianyanzhou was 3324.43 t and 14,156.64 tc,respectively,whilst the values for Chinese fir were 1326.97 t and 713.27 tc. For slash pine the total biomass was 14,156.64 t (unturpentined) and 13,015.97 t (turpentined),and the total carbon storage was 7 688.21 tc (unturpentined) and 7068.78 tc (turpentined). Following the shaving of slash pine for resin,the total biomass was reduced by 1140.67 t and the total carbon storage fell by 619.43 tc.
文摘The globe has been confronting a new set of challenges. Such challenges are unique to each country context. The overarching challenge, all above other challenges is, to seek appropriate knowledge as a tool and mean to resolve such challenges. A critical such knowledge to be accumulated in all days is on how to develop people or human resources. However, with the existing knowledge claims in this regard, countries have been unable to resolve such challenges. Human Development, one such knowledge claim, is too broader, and therefore, no guided protocol is suggested in finding solutions. Human Resource Development, as another such knowledge claim is too limited in scope to address broader level challenges. National Human Resource Development （NHRD） has emerged to bridge this gap, emphasising people oriented solutions to resolve country level challenges. The NHRD literature encourages NHRD country case studies, and that, justifications for starting NHRD country case studies is needed. This study justifies such a research on NHRD practices in Malaysia＇s country context, using content analysis. As a result, this study has shown higher level country challenges, derived a need of people based approach in resolving such challenges, highlighted NHRD as capable as possible in guiding to establish people development knowledge claim, and finally justified an NHRD research to be done within Malaysia＇s context to see how Malaysia practices NHRD.
文摘Human activities make strong effects on soil formation. Anthropogenic soils are much more intensive and extensive in China for their history of agricultural production can be dated back to more than 7 000 years ago.Owing to different physical conditions and land uses, the aothropogenic soil-forming processes are various.Anthrosols are proposed, and the corresponding soil order is set up in Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST). Mainly based on 6 Anthropogenic diagnostic horizons, which are anthraquic epipedon, hydragric horizon, irragric epipedon, cumulic epipedon, fimic epipedon and agric horizon, the Anthrosols Order is subdivided into 2 soil suborders and 4 soil groups. Meanwhile the classification of Anthrosols in CST has been basically accepted as the classification of Anthrosols in World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB).
文摘This paper presents a brief analysis of the frequency and cumulative distributions of Americans＇ annual household income. In addition, a thorough discussion of the correlations between average income and some key demographic variables are included. The data come from the 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances. Utilizing the Survey a new, extraordinarily close, power law, relationship between current annual household income and accumulated financial assets is demonstrated. Another startling result is that the dependence of mean annual income on portfolio composition has nearly perfect power law dependence too. As money has scale, and power laws do not, this makes no sense.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81670401)the Natural Sciences Foundation of Hunan Province (2016JJ6133)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Innovation Program of Post-graduate in Hunan Province (CX2017B554)Zhengxiang Scholar (Xiangyang Tang) Program of the University of South ChinaThe Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province (Basic Medicine Sciences in University of South China)
文摘Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipids and deposition of fibrous elements in the vascular wall, which is the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) is a metabolic sensor of energy metabolism that regulates multiple physiological processes, including lipid and glucose metabolism and the normalization of energy imbalances. Overwhelming evidence indicates that AMPK activation markedly attenuates atherosclerosis development. Autophagy inhibits cell apoptosis and inflammation and promotes cholesterol efflux and efferocytosis. Physiological autophagy is essential for maintaining normal cardiovascular function. Increasing evidence demonstrates that autophagy occurs in developing atherosclerotic plaques. Emerging evidence indicates that AMPK regulates autophagy via a downstream signaling pathway. The complex relationship between AMPK and autophagy has attracted the attention of many researchers because of this close relationship to atherosclerosis development. This review demonstrates the role of AMPK and autophagy in atherosclerosis. An improved understanding of this interrelationship will create novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (2011CB100601)
文摘Plants are the ultimate source of nutrients in the human diet. To ensure adequate availability of high quality food for an increasing world population, traits including improved tolerance of stresses and nutrient levels need to be selected in crops, both individually and in combination. Here we report the identification of SIMX1 encoding a MIXTA-like MYB transcription factor in tomato that simultaneously modulates drought resistance and metabolic processes through regulating key structural and regulatory genes of the corre- sponding pathways. Over-expression of SIMX1 results in substantially increased drought tolerance and improved fruit quality, while knocking down SIMX1 resulted in the opposite phenotypes. Our study indicates an effective way with multiplebeneficial traits by genetic engineering of a single regulatory gene and can be a novel approach to breeding crops.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11001029 and 10971220the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BUPT2009RC0705)
文摘This paper studies the following cooperative investment game with two agents. At the start of the game, both the agents＇ capital are collected. The total capital are then invested according to a certain trading strategy. At a certain time To one agent quits the cooperation and they divide the wealth among themselves. During the remaining period [To, T], the other agent invests his/her capital following a possibly different trading strategy. By stochastic optimization method combined with the theory of Backward Stochastic Differential Equations （BSDEs, for short）, we give an equivalent characterization of the Pareto optimal cooperative strategies.
