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城-郊区域土壤铅(Pb)累积过程时空模拟:以中部某大城市为例
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作者 宋啸凡 侯鹰 +3 位作者 董一帆 杨勇 高镇 陈卫平 《环境科学》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第6期3493-3501,共9页
城-郊区域类型众多的高强度人类活动导致土壤Pb累积过程复杂、时空异质性高,使得揭示该类区域土壤Pb累积过程的时空变化特征十分困难.以国内中部某大城市典型城-郊区域为研究区,构建土壤Pb累积过程单元模型,基于土地利用分类和模拟结果... 城-郊区域类型众多的高强度人类活动导致土壤Pb累积过程复杂、时空异质性高,使得揭示该类区域土壤Pb累积过程的时空变化特征十分困难.以国内中部某大城市典型城-郊区域为研究区,构建土壤Pb累积过程单元模型,基于土地利用分类和模拟结果,建立土壤Pb累积过程时空模拟方法,模拟研究区2013~2040年土壤Pb累积含量,阐明土壤Pb含量未来时空变化特征.结果表明,研究区2013年Pb含量平均值约为其所在省份表层Pb含量背景值的1.77倍,土壤Pb污染较重.2013~2040年Pb含量将持续增加,增加量较低(0.53~2.25 mg·kg^(-1))的区域位于研究区西部、北部和南部,占总面积的25.46%,增加量较高(3.98~5.70 mg·kg^(-1))的区域位于其东部,占总面积的17.14%.研究区东部林地面积的增加、水域和草地面积的减少导致了该区域土壤Pb含量较大幅度地上升;此外,土壤Pb含量的空间分布还同重要工厂和交通设施的分布高度相关.通过突破以往研究中将土地利用视为静态不变的局限,能够在一定程度上反映区域土地利用变化对重金属累积过程的影响,可为城-郊区域土壤Pb累积过程模拟提供方法,并为该城市城-郊区域土壤Pb污染管控提供依据. 展开更多
关键词 城-郊区域 土壤铅(Pb)含量 土地利用模拟 累积过程模型 克里金插值 时空模拟
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Reliability assessment considering dependent competing failure process and shifting-threshold 被引量:11
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作者 苏春 瞿众洲 郝会兵 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2013年第1期52-56,共5页
The reliability assessment problem for products subject to degradation and random shocks is investigated. Two kinds of probabilistic models are constructed, in which the dependent competing failure process is consider... The reliability assessment problem for products subject to degradation and random shocks is investigated. Two kinds of probabilistic models are constructed, in which the dependent competing failure process is considered. First, based on the assumption of cumulative shock, the probabilistic models for hard failure and soft failure are built respectively. On this basis, the dependent competing failure model involving degradation and shock processes is established. Furthermore, the situation of the shifting-threshold is also considered, in which the hard failure threshold value decreases to a lower level after the arrival of a certain number of shocks. A case study of fatigue crack growth is given to illustrate the proposed models. Numerical results show that shock has a significant effect on the failure process; meanwhile, the effect will be magnified when the value of the hard threshold shifts to a lower level. 展开更多
关键词 degradation hard failure dependent competing failure process cumulative shock model shifting-threshold
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