Prediction of Hot Deformation Behavior of 7Mo Super Austenitic Stainless Steel Based on Back Propagation Neural Network

The hot compression tests of 7Mo super austenitic stainless(SASS)were conducted to obtain flow curves at the temperature of 1000-1200℃and strain rate of 0.001 s^(-1)to 1 s^(-1).To predict the non-linear hot deformation behaviors of the steel,back propagation-artificial neural network(BP-ANN)with 16×8×8 hidden layer neurons was proposed.The predictability of the ANN model is evaluated according to the distribution of mean absolute error(MAE)and relative error.The relative error of 85%data for the BP-ANN model is among±5%while only 42.5%data predicted by the Arrhenius constitutive equation is in this range.Especially,at high strain rate and low temperature,the MAE of the ANN model is 2.49%,which has decreases for 18.78%,compared with conventional Arrhenius constitutive equation.

从“经本阴血何脏无之”探析卵巢早衰的中医病机治法

卵巢早衰作为生殖功能减退的常见疾病,通常表现为月经量少、闭经。明代张景岳提出“经本阴血何脏无之”,契合本病病机。月经为阴血所生,因此“经本阴血”,阴血虚少是卵巢早衰的重要病机。五脏皆有阴血,阴血濡养五脏促进月经来潮,体现中医整体观,同时符合“何脏无之”,五脏阴血的衰少导致五脏血海空虚,终致卵巢早衰的月经改变。本病治疗重点在于增水行经,增水同时予以清火,多法制衡。

“人本”与“经本”博弈——素质教育何以步履艰难?

素质教育彰显"人本位"的理想追求,体现了对人的人文关怀;应试教育则反映中国现时"经济本位"的实际需要,适应了现代化先行国家自19世纪初以来的教育与经济的关系。在素质教育的理想追求与应试教育的现实适应性二者之间,存在跨越世纪的发展鸿沟。这种鸿沟,导致在"人本"与"经本"的博弈中,应试教育占有明显的阶段性优势,加之素质教育自身存在着先天和后的缺陷,从而使素质教育步履艰难。

Intelligent method to develop constitutive relationship of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy

The isothermal compression tests were carried out in the Thermecmastor-Z thermo-simulator at temperatures of 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000 and 1050 ℃ and the strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 s-1. The influence of deformation temperature and strain rate on the flow stress of Ti-6Al-2Zr-IMo-IV alloy was studied. Based on the experimental data sets, the high temperature deformation behavior of Ti-6A1-2Zr-IMo-IV alloy was presented using the intelligent method of artificial neural network （ANN）. The results indicate that the predicted flow stress values by ANN model is quite consistent with the experimental results, which implies that the artificial neural network is an effective tool for studying the hot deformation behavior of the present alloy. In addition, the development of graphical user interface is implemented using Visual Basic programming language.

新见《十王经》所示之拓展变化

陕西与浙江新发现塔藏《十王经》与敦煌藏经洞经本详校可获重大发现。既比定出早期经本类型,还表明耀州本具文偈本与图赞本的过渡形态。台州本经题与平等王之称体现了与海东本传承关系。耀州本十分零碎,初刊仅以日本《卍续藏》经本作校勘底据,从而抹杀了其价值。本文采用“同经缀合”方法,依批量存文的敦煌本将缺字补入并缀合并确定经本类型,进一步比定《阎罗王经》《阎罗王授记经》与《佛说/预修十王经》三类型并阐明其间递进转变。而西藏文与西夏文本之发现更说明其发展变化,从而为十王经之研究开辟出新境界。

Antecedents and performance consequences of governance structures in R&D alliances

Traditionally governance structures are classified into ＂hierarchy or market＂ or ＂equity or non-equity.＂ However,such classifications may not be effective in characterizing all governance structures of research and development（R D） alliances.Therefore,the first objective of this study is to investigate why there exist different organizational governance structures in managing R D alliances;the second objective of this study is to give strategic advice in choosing appropriate forms with respect to various characteristics of R D alliances.Through the theoretical lens that integrate both transaction cost economics（TCE） and the resource-based view（RBV）,a model that focuses on six major factors is developed for determining governance structure choices,namely,technological uncertainty,cultural difference,asset specificity,technology complementarity,appropriability of the individual firm＇s know-how,and trust.An R D alliance with higher technological uncertainty,larger cultural differences,and greater concerns for protecting an individual＇s know-how is more likely to adopt non-integrated alliances as the governing structure.An R D alliance with a higher degree of asset-specificity,greater technology complementarity and greater trust among partnering organizations is more likely to adopt integrated alliances as the governing structure;an R D alliance in the face of lower technological uncertainty will tend to adopt integrated alliances.The more aligned the choice of the governance structure with its determinants,the better the R D alliance will perform,and vice versa.

依敦煌本缀理耀州《十王经》新得——兼及相关文献整理方法

陕西耀州神德寺塔与浙江台州灵石寺塔均发现了敦煌本以外的《十王经》,然而两者相差极大。台州所出五件完整,为白描图写本,耀州编号十余件但均有残破。这些抄出的经本,尤其耀州所出经本与敦煌本关系及价值如何,参照晚期续藏经的内容,的确不能明晰。本文根据丰富的敦煌本内容,缀合耀州本后,力求理出其经本类型,分析其与敦煌本的差异,比定出其过渡类型、原创元素的状态。

Comparison of Benefits from Different Planting Models of Ningza No.21

Ningza No.21, a new hybrid rapeseed cultivar, was used as the test mate-rial in this study. The common planting models in large-scale production （3 trans-planting models and 2 direct-seeding models） were adopted. Based on the high-yield cultivation, the yield and economic benefits of different planting models were investi-gated. ln addition, the labor costs, agricultural production materials costs and agri-cultural machinery costs of different planting model were analyzed to explore the low-costs and high-economic benefits planting model. The results showed the yields of the 5 planting models were al relatively high with average yield of 3 282.30 kg/hm2, ranging from 2 899.50 to 3 642.00 kg/hm2. Although the average yield and output value of transplanting models were higher than that of direct-seedling models by 429.25 kg/hm2 and 2 189.18 yuan/hm2 respectively, the production costs of trans-planting models were higher than that of direct-seedling model by 2 098.81 yuan/hm2 and the economic benefits were basical y equal. Among the costs of rapeseed pro-duction, the labor costs accounted for more than 60%. ln the labor costs, the har-vesting labor costs represented about 50%. Therefore, under current production con-ditions, the direct seeding and mechanized harvesting should be adopted in the rapeseed production to reduce production costs and improve economic benefits.

Application of Artificial Neural Network to Battlefield Target Classification

To study the capacity of artificial neural network (ANN) applying to battlefield target classification and result of classification, according to the characteristics of battlefield target acoustic and seismic signals, an on the spot experiment was carried out to derive acoustic and seismic signals of a tank and jeep by special experiment system. Experiment data processed by fast Fourier transform(FFT) were used to train the ANN to distinguish the two battlefield targets. The ANN classifier was performed by the special program based on the modified back propagation (BP) algorithm. The ANN classifier has high correct identification rates for acoustic and seismic signals of battlefield targets, and is suitable for the classification of battlefield targets. The modified BP algorithm eliminates oscillations and local minimum of the standard BP algorithm, and enhances the convergence rate of the ANN.

汉简《脉书》与帛书《阴阳十一脉灸经》互校三则

本文将张家山汉简《脉书》与马王堆帛书《阴阳十一脉灸经》（甲、乙本）对读,解决其中存在的一些疑难字词问题。

Integrated assessment of sea water quality based on BP artificial neural network

In order to carry out an integrated assessment of sea water quality objectively, this paper based on the concept and principle of artificial neural network, generated appropriate training samples for BP artificial neural network model through the method of producing samples to the concentration of various pollution index of sea water quality from the viewpoint of threshold, established the BP artificial neural network model of sea water quality assessment using multi-layer neural network with error back-propagation algorithm. This model was used to assess water environment and obtain sea water quality categories of offshore area in Bohai Bay through calculating. The calculations shown that pollution index in river＇s wet season was higher than that in dry season from 2004 to 2007, and the pollution was particularly serious in 2005 and 2006, but a little better in 2007. The assessed results of cases shown that the model was reasonable in design and higher in generalization, meanwhile, it was common, objective and practical to sea water quality assessment.

Hot deformation behavior and processing maps of Mg-Zn-Cu-Zr magnesium alloy

The deformation behaviors of a new quaternary Mg-6Zn-1.5Cu-0.5Zr alloy at temperatures of 523-673 K and strain rates of 0.001-1 s-1 were studied by compressive tests using a Gleeble 3800 thermal-simulator.The results show that the flow stress increases as the deformation temperature decreases or as the strain rate increases.A strain-dependent constitutive equation and a feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network were used to predict flow stress,which showed good agreement with experimental data.The processing map suggests that the domains of 643-673 K and 0.001-0.01 s-1 are corresponded to optimum conditions for hot working of the T4-treated Mg-6Zn-1.5Cu-0.5Zr alloy.

Pedigree and Trait Analysis of Soybean Varieties Registered in Henan Province

To elucidate the genetic relationship of the soybean varieties registered in Henan province, we analyzed the pedigrees, the major agronomic traits, and the eco- nomic traits of 74 soybean varieties registered in Henan province from 1985 to 2012, with reference to experience and technologies beneficial to breeding. The resuits indicated that these varieties originated from 113 parents, and positive correla- tion between the yield and the number of original parents was significant. In the major agronomic traits, the growth stage was about 106 days with relatively small variation, while the final height varied largely among these varieties. Among the fac- tore affecting the final yield, the pod number per plant exhibited an increasing trend, while the variation of 100-grain weight was relatively small. More than 50% of the 113 original parents came from Henan Province and its neighbor provinces, and the genetic relationship among the registered varieties was too close. The rational criteria of yield components of soybean varieties in Henan Province should be as fol- lows： the pod number per plant was about 48. 6, with 100-grain weight ranging from 17.55 g to 21.80 g.

External Landscape Design of Affordable Housing in Yuxing Homeland of Shanghai City

Approaches of external landscape design for affordable housing were discussed through analyzing the landscape designs of Yuxing Homeland in Shanghai City. By adopting simple landscape elements, following the design principle of 'natural, simple and comfortable', proceeding from the overall concept, a space for neighbors’ communication with pleasant environment and outstanding functions was created, a harmonious living environment was built, and the optimal landscape benefits were obtained.

《十王經》新材料與研考轉遷

自敦煌藏經洞出土《十王經》以來,已經有了很多研究成果。但不意近年還有數種重要的新材料出現,如浙江黄岩靈石寺塔所出《預修十王生七經》、陝西耀縣神德寺塔十數殘片,都是敦煌以外漢文本的重要發現。俄藏漢文别本與回鶻圖本殘件的刊佈,個别未得關注的明代經本,甚至還有西藏文本的識出,以及四川發現與復識的窟像雕刻,更使十王經本與圖像方面之資料,匯爲相當豐富的集成,值得聚焦關注。

《佛本行集经》词语考辨

《佛本行集经》是本缘部佛经中规模较大的佛经之一,语言通俗易懂,保留了当时大量的口语词汇,但这类词语释义多为《汉语大词典》所误释或失收。对《佛本行集经》中"狎习"等六个词语进行考辨,可知"狎习"具有"亲近"义,"愚迷"有"愚蠢、愚笨、愚昧"义,"白净"为"洁白"义,"皎洁"犹言"洁白",《汉语大词典》释义不当;而"空闲"的"寂静,安静"义,则为《汉语大词典》失收;"别"为一特殊构词词尾,可解释为"每一",《汉语大词典》解释不确,应作修正。

Regional Difference in Social Capital and Its Impact on Regional Economic Growth in China

Social capital has played an increasingly important role in regional development.China is a country with high stocks of social capital.Using several different indicators of social capital,this study tries to research the regional disparities in social capital and the influence of social capital on economic growth of China in 1978-2004.Measuring social capital with indicators of associations,charities and blood donation rates,this study finds significant regional disparities in social capital at provincial level in China.Those indicators for social capital are highly correlated with regional economic performance.Statistical analysis shows that social capital has a significant and positive effect on a long-term provincial economic growth.This relationship exists after controlling policy,macro location factors,and per capita GDP in the initial year.The empirical findings indicate that institutions,culture and social relations are critical for regional development in China.Therefore,the creation and support of social capital should be paid more attention to when making regional policy.

A PATH-DEPENDENT MODEL OF INVESTMENT AND EMPLOYMENT FLOW IN A LARGE ECONOMY IN A PROCESS OF INTEGRATION

This paper meant to analyze the spatial evolution of a large country in its process of integration with the world economy in general, and, to look into the possible effect of China′s accession into WTO on the future development of its spatial economy in particular. Through an approach of increasing returns, external economy, product differentiation and path-dependence, with foreign trade costs incurred by different regions within the large country discriminated, a model of investment and employment flow is developed as a simulation of a large country′s process of integration with the world economy. The modeling indicates that in the process of integration, as there exist differences in foreign trade costs among different regions within the large country, either the spatial economy of the country deviates from its symmetric structure in autarky and falls into a core-periphery relationship, or the effect of industrial agglomeration is reinforced, amplified and locked in, if the agglomeration had been started. The economic gap on either the aggregate or structural basis between different regions within the large country will increase rapidly as the integration proceeds.

The economic impact of emission peaking control policies and China's sustainable development

To achieve the goals of national sustainable development, the peaking control of CO2 emissions is pivotal, as well as other pollutants. In this paper, we build a Chinese inter-regional CGE model and simulate 13 policies and their combinations. By analyzing the energy consumptions, coal consumptions, relating emissions and their impacts on GDP, we found that with the structure adjustment policy, the proportion of coal in primary fossil fuels in 2030 will decrease from 53% to 48% and CO2 emissions will decrease by 11.3%-22.8% compared to the baseline scenario. With the energy intensity reduction policy, CO2 emissions will decrease by 33.3% in 2030 and 47.8% in 2050 than baseline scenario. Other pollutants will also be controlled as synergetic effects. In this study we also find that although the earlier the peaking time the better for emission amounts control, the economic costs can not be ignored. The GDP will decrease by 2.96%-8.23% under different scenarios. Therefore, integrated policy solutions are needed for realizing the peaks package and more targeted measures are required to achieve the peaks of other pollutants earlier.

Mining truck scheduling with stochastic maintenance cost

Open pit mining operations utilize large scale and expensive equipment. For the mines implementing shovel and truck operation system, trucks constitute a large portion of these equipment and are used for hauling the mined materials. In order to have sustainable and viable operation, these equipment need to be utilized efficiently with minimum operating cost. Maintenance cost is a significant proportion of the overall operating costs. The maintenance cost of a truck changes non-linearly depending on the type, age and truck types. A new approach based on stochastic integer programming （SIP） techniques is used for annually scheduling a fixed fleet of mining trucks in a given operation, over the life of mine （multi-year time horizon） to minimize maintenance cost. The maintenance cost data in mining usually has uncertainty caused from the variability of the operational conditions at mines. To estimate the cost, usually historic data from different operations for new mines, and/or the historic data at the operating mines are used. However, maintenance cost varies depending on road conditions, age of equipment and many other local conditions at an operation. Traditional models aim to estimate the maintenance cost as a deterministic single value and financial evaluations are based on the estimated value. However, it does not provide a confidence on the estimate. The proposed model in this study assumes the truck maintenance cost is a stochastic parameter due to the significant level of uncertainty in the data and schedules the available fleet to meet the annual production targets. The scheduling has been performed by applying both the proposed stochastic and deterministic approaches. The approach provides a distribution for the maintenance cost of the optimized equipment schedule minimizing the cost.