热带地区云的覆盖率高,卫星辐射资料特别是红外通道的数值模拟容易受到云的影响,提高台风等热带天气系统卫星亮温资料的模拟能力,有助于热带地区数值模式的检验以及提高卫星资料直接同化的水平。首先,利用天气研究和预报模式（Weather R...热带地区云的覆盖率高,卫星辐射资料特别是红外通道的数值模拟容易受到云的影响,提高台风等热带天气系统卫星亮温资料的模拟能力,有助于热带地区数值模式的检验以及提高卫星资料直接同化的水平。首先,利用天气研究和预报模式（Weather Research and Forecasting Model,简称WRF）对＂＂珍珠＂＂台风的三维气象场,包括云结构特征,进行了模拟,并诊断分析了总云量、云顶气压等物理量;然后,结合快速辐射传输模式（fast ra-diative transfer model for TOVS,简称RTTOV）8.7版对＂＂珍珠＂＂台风的高分辨率红外辐射探测仪3型（HighResolution Infrared Radiation Sounder,简称HIRS/3）红外辐射亮温进行了模拟,并且比较了有云和无云条件下的模拟结果。结果表明,如果不考虑云的影响,RTTOV模式无法模拟出台风的结构特征;结合三维云特征的模拟量,RTTOV模式可以较好地模拟出HIRS/3第4-10、13-19通道的辐射亮温。加入云结构特征对峰值能量高度在云层以下的红外通道的模拟有正面影响,该方案既可以作为检验模式模拟的一种手段,同时也表明红外资料在热带天气系统的资料同化领域具有潜在的应用能力。展开更多
The cloud-detection procedure developed by McNally and Watts(MW03) was added to the Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation System. To provide some guidelines for setting up cloud-detection schemes, this st...The cloud-detection procedure developed by McNally and Watts(MW03) was added to the Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation System. To provide some guidelines for setting up cloud-detection schemes, this study compares the MW03 scheme to the Multivariate and Minimum Residual(MMR) scheme for both simulated and real Advanced Infrared Sounder(AIRS) radiances. Results show that there is a high level of consistency between the results from simulated and real AIRS data. As expected, both cloud-detection schemes perform well in finding the cloud-contaminated channels based on the channels' peak levels. The clouddetection results from MW03 are sensitive to the prescribed brightness temperature innovation threshold and brightness temperature gradient threshold. When increasing the brightness temperature innovation threshold for MW03 to roughly eight times the default threshold, the two cloud-detection schemes produce consistent data rejection distributions overall for high channels. MMR generally retains more data for long-wave channels. For both cloud-detection schemes, there is a high level of consistency between the cloud-free pixels and the visible/near-IR(Vis/NIR) cloud mask.展开更多
文摘热带地区云的覆盖率高,卫星辐射资料特别是红外通道的数值模拟容易受到云的影响,提高台风等热带天气系统卫星亮温资料的模拟能力,有助于热带地区数值模式的检验以及提高卫星资料直接同化的水平。首先,利用天气研究和预报模式（Weather Research and Forecasting Model,简称WRF）对＂＂珍珠＂＂台风的三维气象场,包括云结构特征,进行了模拟,并诊断分析了总云量、云顶气压等物理量;然后,结合快速辐射传输模式（fast ra-diative transfer model for TOVS,简称RTTOV）8.7版对＂＂珍珠＂＂台风的高分辨率红外辐射探测仪3型（HighResolution Infrared Radiation Sounder,简称HIRS/3）红外辐射亮温进行了模拟,并且比较了有云和无云条件下的模拟结果。结果表明,如果不考虑云的影响,RTTOV模式无法模拟出台风的结构特征;结合三维云特征的模拟量,RTTOV模式可以较好地模拟出HIRS/3第4-10、13-19通道的辐射亮温。加入云结构特征对峰值能量高度在云层以下的红外通道的模拟有正面影响,该方案既可以作为检验模式模拟的一种手段,同时也表明红外资料在热带天气系统的资料同化领域具有潜在的应用能力。
基金sponsored by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2013CB430102)the Program of Scientific Innovation Research of College Graduate in Jiangsu Province (Grant Nos. CXZZ12-0490 and CXZZ11-0606)The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation
文摘The cloud-detection procedure developed by McNally and Watts(MW03) was added to the Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation System. To provide some guidelines for setting up cloud-detection schemes, this study compares the MW03 scheme to the Multivariate and Minimum Residual(MMR) scheme for both simulated and real Advanced Infrared Sounder(AIRS) radiances. Results show that there is a high level of consistency between the results from simulated and real AIRS data. As expected, both cloud-detection schemes perform well in finding the cloud-contaminated channels based on the channels' peak levels. The clouddetection results from MW03 are sensitive to the prescribed brightness temperature innovation threshold and brightness temperature gradient threshold. When increasing the brightness temperature innovation threshold for MW03 to roughly eight times the default threshold, the two cloud-detection schemes produce consistent data rejection distributions overall for high channels. MMR generally retains more data for long-wave channels. For both cloud-detection schemes, there is a high level of consistency between the cloud-free pixels and the visible/near-IR(Vis/NIR) cloud mask.
