成分输血在术中急性大出血及失血性休克中的应用

目的探讨成分输血在术中大出血中的应用。方法将60例术中急性大出血及失血性休克患者按不同的输血方式分为2组:成分输血组(试验组)和红悬或全血组(对照组),每组30例。2组患者均采用气管插管、全身麻醉。2组患者术中出血超过全身总血量25%或Hb<70 g.L-1时输入异体红悬。术中出血超过全身总血量40%:A组患者输入异体全血;B组患者根据检测凝血功能的情况输入异体成分血:去白细胞红悬、浓缩血小板、冰冻血浆、冷沉淀。观察2组患者术前、术中输血后、术毕、术后第1、3天心率(HR)、血压(DBP、SBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)。2组患者手术时间和术中麻醉药(丙泊酚、芬太尼、阿曲库胺、咪达唑仑)使用量、出血量、动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2)、中心静脉压(CVP)、总输血量、晶体和胶体输入量、全血、红悬或去白细胞红悬、浓缩血小板或冰冻血浆、冷沉淀、术中输血前Hb、术中输血后Hb及术后尿量、血小板计数(PLT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、红细胞压积(Hct)和ICU留观时间、住院时间等情况。结果试验组患者术中丙泊酚、阿曲库胺的使用量与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),试验组患者术中芬太尼、咪达唑仑使用量与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。试验组患者术前、术毕、术后第1天、术后第3天HR、DBP、SBP、MAP与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术中输血后:DBP、SBP、MAP与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。试验组患者术后FFP、PLT计数、PT、APTT、手术时间、术中出血量、总输血量与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),术中CVP、晶体和胶体输入量、输血Hb、Hct、SpO2及术后尿量、ICU留观时间、住院时间与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论成分输血不仅具有针对性的补充患者缺失的血液成分、维持血容量、改善微循环及组织氧供等优点,而且能及时补充凝血因子,改善凝血功能障碍。

Productions of Taxol and Related Taxanes by Cell Suspension Cultures of Taxus yunnanensis

A high taxol yield cell line of Taxus yunnanensis Cheng et L. K. Fu keeps a high taxol_producing level after successive subcultures for more than eight years. In this study, eight taxanes were isolated from the suspension cell cultures of this cell line. Based on NMR and MS analyses, and comparison with literature data and standards, their structures were determined to be 2α,5α,10β_triacetoxy_14β_propionyloxy_4(20),11_taxadiene (1), 2α,5α,10β_triacetoxy_14β_(2′_methyl)_butyryloxy_4(20),11_taxadiene (2), 2α,5α,10β_14β_tetra_acetoxy_4 (20),11_taxadiene (3, taxuyunnanine C), 2α,5α,10β_triacetoxy_14β_(2′_methyl_3′_hydroxy)_butyryloxy_4(20),11_taxadiene (4, yunnanxane) and its 3′_epimer (5), baccatin Ⅳ (6), baccatin Ⅲ (7) and taxol (8), respectively. Among those compounds, 3, 5, 6 and 7 were reported to be isolated from the suspension cell cultures of T. yunnanensis for the first time. TLC and HPLC analyses indicated that the chemical constituents of the culture solution were similar to those of cultured cells. Moreover, the highest taxol content of this cell line reached 0.3% and the cell line could be applied for a large_scale culture.

Cell Apoptosis Induced by Oligosaccharide in Suspension Cultures of Taxus chinensis

Taxol production of Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. var. mairei (Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L. K. Fu induced by oligosaccharide from Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum (Atkinson) Snyder et Hansen was studied in suspension cultures, and it was found that oligosaccharide triggered cell apoptosis. Under transmission electron microscope the following morphological changes were observed: cell shrinkage, condensation of cytoplasm, nuclear fragmentation, and the increase of high electron density bodies in vacuole in great quantity. In oligosaccharide_treated cells, agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that DNA was digested into oligonucleosomal fragments that were times of 200 bp appearing as DNA ladders. Control cells were in normal physiological state, they were intact, abundant in organelle and with integral nucleus DNA, and the rate of taxol biosynthesis in these cells was very low. After the oligosaccharide to the culture system, the defense system of cells was elicited and the secondary metabolism was strengthened, i.e. phenolics were accumulated in the medium, the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was increased quickly and secondary wall of cells was thickened. The activity of L _phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), the critical enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway, was increased promptly 1 h after elicitation. The rate of taxol production was improved sharply and the maximal taxol concentration at 72 h was six times that of control. Appearance of cell apoptosis was accompanied with the highest concentration of taxol in suspension cultures.

Capacities of Clay Fraction of a Latosol to Retain Cations and Anions as Inferred from the Wien Effect in Soil Suspensions

Suspensions of a latosol with a clay concentration of 30 g kg^(-1) wereprepared from electrodialyzed clay fractions, less than 2 μm in diameter, five nitrate solutionswith a concentration of 1 X 10^(04)/z mol L^(-1), where z is the valence, and five sodium saltsolutions with a concentration of 3.3 X 10^(-5)/2 mol L^(-1). The direct current (DC) electricalconductivities (ECs) of the colloidal suspensions were measured at a constant temperature of 25 ℃,using a newly established method of measuring the Wien effect in soil suspensions at field strengthsranging from 13.5 to 150 kV cm^(-1), to determine their electrical conductivity-field strengthrelationships and to infer the order of the bonding strength (retaining force) between soilparticles and various ions. The measurements with the latosol suspensions in NaNO_3, KNO_3,Ca(NO_3)_2, Mg(NO_3)_2 and Zn(NO_3)_2 solutions resulted in increments of the suspension ECs, ΔECs,of 7.9, 5.0, 7.1, 7.0 and 5.8 μS cm^(-1), respectively, when the applied field strength increasedfrom 14.5 to 142 kV cm^(-1). As for the suspensions in NaNO_3, NaCl, Na_2SO_4, Na_3PO_4 andNa_3AsO_4 solutions, the ΔECs were 6.2, 5.3, 4.1, 4.0 and 3.7μS cm^(-1), respectively, when theapplied field strength increased from 13.5 to 90 kV cm^(-1). Thus, it can be deduced that theretaining forces of the clay fraction of the latosol for the cations were in the descending orderK^+ > Zn^(2+) > Mg^(2+) ≥ Ca^(2+) > Na^+, and for the anions in the descending order H_2AsO_4^- >H_2PO_4^-≥ SO_4^(2-) > Cl^- > NO_3~ -.

Improved Production of Paclitaxel from Suspension Culture of Taxus chinensis var. mairei by in situ Extraction with Organic Solvents

The production of paclitaxel from suspension culture of Taxus chinensis var,mairei was improved by in situ extraction with organic solvents to avoid feedback repression and product degradation.Oleic acid and dibutyl phthalate were proved to be suitable solvents .The optimal volumetric percentage of organic solvents in the culture medium was found to be around 8%,and the favorable time for their introduction was at the exponential phase of cell growth,Paclitaxel production with the in situ extraction was ca 3-fold of that without extraction.

Dielectric Behavior of Oblate Spheroidal Particles：Application to Erythrocytes Suspensions

We have investigated the pressure effect on the eletrorotation (ER) spectrum of living cell suspensions byconsidering the particle shape effect. In particular, we consider coated oblate spheroidal particles and present a theoreticalstudy of ER based on the spectral representation theory. Analytic expressions for the characteristic frequency as wellas the dispersion strength can be obtained, thus simplifying the fitting of experimental data on oblate spheroidal cellsthat abound in the literature. From the theoretical analysis, we find that the cellshape, coating as well as materialparameters can change the ER spectrum. We demonstrate a good agreement between our theoretical predictions andexperimental data on human erthrocytes suspensions.

Optimization of Cell Line Building for Taxus chinensis var. mairei

[Objective] The paper aims to optimize the abduction and domestication conditions of Taxus chinensis var.Mairei callus.[Method] We compared the efficiencies of callus between different explants and investigated the multiplication conditions of callus and suspended cell culture conditions with the buds,young stems and young leaves from T.chinensis var as the explants.[Results] The effect was the best with the bud as the explants; the best way for sterilizing the explants of T.chinensis var mairei was：streptomycin detergent for 2 h ＋ suds for 3 h ＋ 75% alcohol disinfection for 30 s ＋ 10% sodium hypochlorite solution for 25 min ＋ 1‰ mercury chloride for 10 min; the optimum formula of callus subculture was：B5 ＋ 4.0 mg/L NAA ＋ 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D ＋ 0.2 mg/L GA ＋ 0.5 mg/L 6-BA ＋ 2 g/L AC.[Conclusion] This research built the high efficient regeneration system of T.chinensis var.