Different from other methodologies for the forecasting of China＇s economic growth rate, this paper forecast of future potential growth rates from the end of China＇s demographic dividends, and then identified it as a...Different from other methodologies for the forecasting of China＇s economic growth rate, this paper forecast of future potential growth rates from the end of China＇s demographic dividends, and then identified it as a growth target. Official promulgation of non-binding targets will guide social expectation, assist in government policy-making, boost confidence in consumers, and provide guidance for producers and investors. Based on our estimation results, we suggest that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, a GDP growth target between 6. 5% and 7% would be appropriate.展开更多
Reform dividends refer to the improvements in certain economic actors under the new, reformed institutional system as compared against the original system. Reform leads to greater economic growth potential by changing...Reform dividends refer to the improvements in certain economic actors under the new, reformed institutional system as compared against the original system. Reform leads to greater economic growth potential by changing the institutional environment, which in turn increases the vibrancy and innovation of economic actors. The most economically convenient system is also in actuality the most effective market economic system. Reform based on public and collective actions should be based on the following principle： if institutional reform is evolving towards the enhancement of economic convenience, then we can be sure that reform is embarking on the path of releasing dividends.展开更多
The synthesis of chiral polyaniline （PANI） induced by modified hemoglobin （Hb） was pro- foundly explored for the first time. Results revealed that after being separated, inactivated or immobilized, Hb can still in...The synthesis of chiral polyaniline （PANI） induced by modified hemoglobin （Hb） was pro- foundly explored for the first time. Results revealed that after being separated, inactivated or immobilized, Hb can still induce the formation of chiral PANI successfully, suggesting that Hb can be used as the chiral inducers regardless of harsh reaction conditions. By examining the properties of PANI induced by modified Hb, it was found that Hb（inactivated）-PANI possessed excellent chirality, stability, and crystalline structure. The globin separated from Hb was demonstrated to have the ability of inducing the production of chiral PANI whereas the hematin from Hb had no capacity to direct enantio specificity for the PANI chains. Results indicated that Hb（immobilized）-PANI exhibited poor yield, doping state, and crys- talline structure, indicating that the immobilization of Hb by entrapment was not beneficial to the polymerization reaction. Results also showed that the structure of Hb may have significant effects on the morphologies of chiral PANI.展开更多
In this study,an acid-induced assembly strategy for a rutile TiO2 photocatalyst was proposed on the basis of the treatment of lamellar protonated titanate with a concentrated HNO3 solution.Nitrate groups were successf...In this study,an acid-induced assembly strategy for a rutile TiO2 photocatalyst was proposed on the basis of the treatment of lamellar protonated titanate with a concentrated HNO3 solution.Nitrate groups were successfully grafted onto a TiO2 surface and induced the assembly of rutile TiO2 nanorods into uniform spindle-like nanobundles.The resulting TiO2 product achieved a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 402.4μmol h^?1,which is 3.1 times higher than that of Degussa P25-TiO2.It was demonstrated that nitrate group grafting caused the rutile TiO2 surface to become negatively charged,which is favorable for trapping positive protons and improving charge carrier separation,thereby enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen production.Additionally,surface charges were crucial to structural stability based on electrostatic repulsion.This study not only developed a facile surface modification strategy for fabricating efficient H2 production photocatalysts but also identified an influence mechanism of inorganic acids different from that reported in the literature.展开更多
A two-stage oxidation—alkali leaching—acid leaching method was proposed to recovery Fe,V,and Ti in modified Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.The optimal experiment conditions of iron extraction were one-stage oxidation...A two-stage oxidation—alkali leaching—acid leaching method was proposed to recovery Fe,V,and Ti in modified Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.The optimal experiment conditions of iron extraction were one-stage oxidation time 40 s and holding time 8 min.The recovery rate of iron was 89.93%.The optimum experiment conditions of vanadium extraction were total oxidation time of 126 s,NaOH concentration of 4.0 mol/L,leaching temperature of 95℃,leaching time of 90 min,and the number of cycle was 4.The leaching rate of vanadium was 92.13%.The optimal experiment conditions of titanium extraction were HCl concentration of 4.5 mol/L,leaching temperature of 75℃,and leaching time of 90 min.The TiO_(2)content of synthetic rutile was 98.61%.展开更多
Irradiated by infrared laser, the surface reducibility and adsorbability of Cu-Cr complex could be improved, owing to the interaction of photo-fragmentation and laser texturing. Analyzed by the binding energy spectra ...Irradiated by infrared laser, the surface reducibility and adsorbability of Cu-Cr complex could be improved, owing to the interaction of photo-fragmentation and laser texturing. Analyzed by the binding energy spectra and the auger spectra, the valence states of chromium ion and copper ion were+3 and+1 after radiation respectively, which still had the reducibility to release electrons. In contrast with the near-infrared(NIR)1 064 nm and mid-infrared(MIR) 10 600 nm laser at the same average output power of 15 W, the reduced metal percentage in the Cu-Cr complex was obviously distinguished at the depth from nanometer to micron. After chemical plating, the average coating thickness and mean-square deviation of the NIR sample were 11.61 μm and 0.30 for copper layer, and 2.69 μm and 0.08 for nickel layer. The results were much better than those of the MIR sample.展开更多
A novel chelating resin with sulfonic group was synthesized by chemical modification of D401 resin with sulphonation reaction and characterized by FT-IR spectrometry. The adsorption properties of the novel chelating r...A novel chelating resin with sulfonic group was synthesized by chemical modification of D401 resin with sulphonation reaction and characterized by FT-IR spectrometry. The adsorption properties of the novel chelating resin for Pb2+ were studied by batch adsorption, and the adsorption process was analyzed from thermodynamics and kinetics aspects. The adsorption mechanism of Pb2+ on the modified D401 chelating resin was discussed by FT-IR spectrometry. Experimental results show that in the Pb2+ concentration range of 200-400 mg/L, the adsorption capacities of the modified D401 chelating resin for Pb2+ increase by 77%-129%, and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model is more suitable for the equilibrium adsorption data. Adsorption is an endothermic process that runs spontaneously. Kinetic analysis shows that the adsorption rate is mainly governed by liquid film diffusion. The best pH value under adsorption condition is 4-5. The saturated resin can be regenerated by 3 mol/L nitric acid, and the adsorption capacity remains stable after five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. The maximal static saturated adsorption capacity of the resin is 206 mg/g at 333 K in the Pb2+ concentration range of 200-400 mg/L. The modified D401 chelating resin is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Pb2+ from its single-metal ion solution.展开更多
The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on three soil amendments,red mud from Hungary, rd mud from UK and beringite from Belgium, wasstudied to determine the surface areas of the amendments using a0.005 mol L^-1 NaCl so...The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on three soil amendments,red mud from Hungary, rd mud from UK and beringite from Belgium, wasstudied to determine the surface areas of the amendments using a0.005 mol L^-1 NaCl solution and deionised water as backgroundsolutions. The surface areas determined by the methylene blue methodin the 0.005 mol L^-1 NaCl solution were 3.357, 2.340 and 5.576 m^2g^-1 for red mud (Hungary), red mud (UK) and beringite, respectively,slightly lower than those in the deionised water system.展开更多
Solid lipid microparticles of erythromycin ethyl succinate were prepared using solvent evaporation method to improve its bioavailability and efficacy. The solvent was allowed to evaporate after which the various entra...Solid lipid microparticles of erythromycin ethyl succinate were prepared using solvent evaporation method to improve its bioavailability and efficacy. The solvent was allowed to evaporate after which the various entrapments were determined; the best entrapment was used in the in vivo studies to determine the bioavailability and efficacy. This study was done with albino mice. The best entrapment obtained was 83% with a loading capacity of 2.9% （Batch D） and was used in comparison with the unformulated drug to check for the in vivo efficacy. The results show higher efficacy with the formulated drug than with the pure drug both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro test results were better despite that some enzymes which need to act on the solid lipid microparticles were not present in the in vitro assay and could lead to a reduction in the release of the drugs. In conclusion, there was improvement in efficacy, and hence bioavailability.展开更多
A unique Rh/TiO2 solid acid catalyst modified with H2S04 was synthesized and evaluated in the esterification reaction of propylene glycol methyl ether and decomposition of methyl orange （MO） in aqueous phase under h...A unique Rh/TiO2 solid acid catalyst modified with H2S04 was synthesized and evaluated in the esterification reaction of propylene glycol methyl ether and decomposition of methyl orange （MO） in aqueous phase under halogen lamp irradiation. For this purpose, rhodium （Rh） nanoparticles were loaded on S02-/Ti02 via the photo-deposition method. It was found that S024-/Rh-Ti02 exhibited stronger catalytic activity than S02-/ Ti02. The new catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）, Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and high-resolution （HRTEM）, X-ray photoelectron spec- troscopy （XPS） and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy （FrlR）. Results from XRD and BET show that S02-/Rh-Ti02 has higher specific surface area and smaller pore size than S02-fri02. The distribution of loaded Rh was found to be uniform with a particle size of 2-4 nm. Data from XPS reveal that Rh primarily exists as Rh~ and Rh3 ＋ in Rh-Ti02 and SO^-/Rh-TiO~. These valence forms of Rh likely contribute to the en- hanced catalytic activity. Furthermore, FT-IR spectra of the catalysts show an abundance of surface hydroxyl groups, which help the formation of hydroxyl radicals and the enhancement of surface acid density. The results show that more acid sites are formed on the sulfated Rh-Ti02, and these acidic sites are largely responsible for improving the catalytic performance. This superior SO]-/Rh-Ti02 catalyst has potential applications in reactions reouirinz efficient acid catalysts, includinz esterification reactions and waste water treatment.展开更多
文摘Different from other methodologies for the forecasting of China＇s economic growth rate, this paper forecast of future potential growth rates from the end of China＇s demographic dividends, and then identified it as a growth target. Official promulgation of non-binding targets will guide social expectation, assist in government policy-making, boost confidence in consumers, and provide guidance for producers and investors. Based on our estimation results, we suggest that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, a GDP growth target between 6. 5% and 7% would be appropriate.
文摘Reform dividends refer to the improvements in certain economic actors under the new, reformed institutional system as compared against the original system. Reform leads to greater economic growth potential by changing the institutional environment, which in turn increases the vibrancy and innovation of economic actors. The most economically convenient system is also in actuality the most effective market economic system. Reform based on public and collective actions should be based on the following principle： if institutional reform is evolving towards the enhancement of economic convenience, then we can be sure that reform is embarking on the path of releasing dividends.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21303105)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars and State Education Ministry(No.ZX2012-05)
文摘The synthesis of chiral polyaniline （PANI） induced by modified hemoglobin （Hb） was pro- foundly explored for the first time. Results revealed that after being separated, inactivated or immobilized, Hb can still induce the formation of chiral PANI successfully, suggesting that Hb can be used as the chiral inducers regardless of harsh reaction conditions. By examining the properties of PANI induced by modified Hb, it was found that Hb（inactivated）-PANI possessed excellent chirality, stability, and crystalline structure. The globin separated from Hb was demonstrated to have the ability of inducing the production of chiral PANI whereas the hematin from Hb had no capacity to direct enantio specificity for the PANI chains. Results indicated that Hb（immobilized）-PANI exhibited poor yield, doping state, and crys- talline structure, indicating that the immobilization of Hb by entrapment was not beneficial to the polymerization reaction. Results also showed that the structure of Hb may have significant effects on the morphologies of chiral PANI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21771070, 21571071)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2018KFYYXJJ120, 2019KFYRCPY104)~~
文摘In this study,an acid-induced assembly strategy for a rutile TiO2 photocatalyst was proposed on the basis of the treatment of lamellar protonated titanate with a concentrated HNO3 solution.Nitrate groups were successfully grafted onto a TiO2 surface and induced the assembly of rutile TiO2 nanorods into uniform spindle-like nanobundles.The resulting TiO2 product achieved a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 402.4μmol h^?1,which is 3.1 times higher than that of Degussa P25-TiO2.It was demonstrated that nitrate group grafting caused the rutile TiO2 surface to become negatively charged,which is favorable for trapping positive protons and improving charge carrier separation,thereby enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen production.Additionally,surface charges were crucial to structural stability based on electrostatic repulsion.This study not only developed a facile surface modification strategy for fabricating efficient H2 production photocatalysts but also identified an influence mechanism of inorganic acids different from that reported in the literature.
基金financial support from the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(No.2015BAB18B00)。
文摘A two-stage oxidation—alkali leaching—acid leaching method was proposed to recovery Fe,V,and Ti in modified Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.The optimal experiment conditions of iron extraction were one-stage oxidation time 40 s and holding time 8 min.The recovery rate of iron was 89.93%.The optimum experiment conditions of vanadium extraction were total oxidation time of 126 s,NaOH concentration of 4.0 mol/L,leaching temperature of 95℃,leaching time of 90 min,and the number of cycle was 4.The leaching rate of vanadium was 92.13%.The optimal experiment conditions of titanium extraction were HCl concentration of 4.5 mol/L,leaching temperature of 75℃,and leaching time of 90 min.The TiO_(2)content of synthetic rutile was 98.61%.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Program,No.2010CB327800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11004150)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.20090460690)
文摘Irradiated by infrared laser, the surface reducibility and adsorbability of Cu-Cr complex could be improved, owing to the interaction of photo-fragmentation and laser texturing. Analyzed by the binding energy spectra and the auger spectra, the valence states of chromium ion and copper ion were+3 and+1 after radiation respectively, which still had the reducibility to release electrons. In contrast with the near-infrared(NIR)1 064 nm and mid-infrared(MIR) 10 600 nm laser at the same average output power of 15 W, the reduced metal percentage in the Cu-Cr complex was obviously distinguished at the depth from nanometer to micron. After chemical plating, the average coating thickness and mean-square deviation of the NIR sample were 11.61 μm and 0.30 for copper layer, and 2.69 μm and 0.08 for nickel layer. The results were much better than those of the MIR sample.
基金Project(708049) supported by the Important Item Cultivation Foundation of Scientific Innovation Project of Colleges and Universities of China
文摘A novel chelating resin with sulfonic group was synthesized by chemical modification of D401 resin with sulphonation reaction and characterized by FT-IR spectrometry. The adsorption properties of the novel chelating resin for Pb2+ were studied by batch adsorption, and the adsorption process was analyzed from thermodynamics and kinetics aspects. The adsorption mechanism of Pb2+ on the modified D401 chelating resin was discussed by FT-IR spectrometry. Experimental results show that in the Pb2+ concentration range of 200-400 mg/L, the adsorption capacities of the modified D401 chelating resin for Pb2+ increase by 77%-129%, and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model is more suitable for the equilibrium adsorption data. Adsorption is an endothermic process that runs spontaneously. Kinetic analysis shows that the adsorption rate is mainly governed by liquid film diffusion. The best pH value under adsorption condition is 4-5. The saturated resin can be regenerated by 3 mol/L nitric acid, and the adsorption capacity remains stable after five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. The maximal static saturated adsorption capacity of the resin is 206 mg/g at 333 K in the Pb2+ concentration range of 200-400 mg/L. The modified D401 chelating resin is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Pb2+ from its single-metal ion solution.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.49831070 and 49971046).
文摘The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on three soil amendments,red mud from Hungary, rd mud from UK and beringite from Belgium, wasstudied to determine the surface areas of the amendments using a0.005 mol L^-1 NaCl solution and deionised water as backgroundsolutions. The surface areas determined by the methylene blue methodin the 0.005 mol L^-1 NaCl solution were 3.357, 2.340 and 5.576 m^2g^-1 for red mud (Hungary), red mud (UK) and beringite, respectively,slightly lower than those in the deionised water system.
文摘Solid lipid microparticles of erythromycin ethyl succinate were prepared using solvent evaporation method to improve its bioavailability and efficacy. The solvent was allowed to evaporate after which the various entrapments were determined; the best entrapment was used in the in vivo studies to determine the bioavailability and efficacy. This study was done with albino mice. The best entrapment obtained was 83% with a loading capacity of 2.9% （Batch D） and was used in comparison with the unformulated drug to check for the in vivo efficacy. The results show higher efficacy with the formulated drug than with the pure drug both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro test results were better despite that some enzymes which need to act on the solid lipid microparticles were not present in the in vitro assay and could lead to a reduction in the release of the drugs. In conclusion, there was improvement in efficacy, and hence bioavailability.
基金Supported by the Youth Fund of Fujian Province(JA14290,JA15475)the Natural Fund of Fujian Province(2015J01601)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Clean Coal Gasification Technology(XK1403,XK1401)
文摘A unique Rh/TiO2 solid acid catalyst modified with H2S04 was synthesized and evaluated in the esterification reaction of propylene glycol methyl ether and decomposition of methyl orange （MO） in aqueous phase under halogen lamp irradiation. For this purpose, rhodium （Rh） nanoparticles were loaded on S02-/Ti02 via the photo-deposition method. It was found that S024-/Rh-Ti02 exhibited stronger catalytic activity than S02-/ Ti02. The new catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）, Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and high-resolution （HRTEM）, X-ray photoelectron spec- troscopy （XPS） and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy （FrlR）. Results from XRD and BET show that S02-/Rh-Ti02 has higher specific surface area and smaller pore size than S02-fri02. The distribution of loaded Rh was found to be uniform with a particle size of 2-4 nm. Data from XPS reveal that Rh primarily exists as Rh~ and Rh3 ＋ in Rh-Ti02 and SO^-/Rh-TiO~. These valence forms of Rh likely contribute to the en- hanced catalytic activity. Furthermore, FT-IR spectra of the catalysts show an abundance of surface hydroxyl groups, which help the formation of hydroxyl radicals and the enhancement of surface acid density. The results show that more acid sites are formed on the sulfated Rh-Ti02, and these acidic sites are largely responsible for improving the catalytic performance. This superior SO]-/Rh-Ti02 catalyst has potential applications in reactions reouirinz efficient acid catalysts, includinz esterification reactions and waste water treatment.
