Mitochondrial gene fragments of 16S rRNA gene of four species （Rhacophorus rhodopus, R. reinwardtii, Philautus albopunctatus and P. rhododiscus ） from 11 populations were sequenced in this study. Homologous sequence...Mitochondrial gene fragments of 16S rRNA gene of four species （Rhacophorus rhodopus, R. reinwardtii, Philautus albopunctatus and P. rhododiscus ） from 11 populations were sequenced in this study. Homologous sequences of R. bipunctatus, Theloderma asperum, T. corticale and Buergeria japonica were obtained by screening the GenBank database. After excluding all gaps and ambiguous positions, aligned sequences were 500 bp in length with 115 variable sites and 92 parsimony-informative sites. Using B .japonica as an outgroup, phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Our results indicated that neither of R. rhodopus and P. albopunctatus were monophyletic at the species level. The population of R. rhodopus from Hainan Island was more close to R. bipunctatus than to populations of R. rhodopus from Yunnan Province. Furthermore, the populations of R. rhodopus from Yunnan Province can be divided into two main lineages. Theloderma corticale and P.rhododiscus were clustered together and T. asperum was nested in P.albopunctatus. We considered that P. albopunctatus Liu and Hu, 1962, was the synonymy of T. asperum Boulenger, 1886, and suggested removing P. rhododiscus from Philautus into the genus Theloderma.展开更多
Most studies of erythropoiesis have been performed either with the virally transformed MEL cells or with the scarce erythroblasts within unhomogeneous cell populations.MEL cells are the Friend virus transformed mouse...Most studies of erythropoiesis have been performed either with the virally transformed MEL cells or with the scarce erythroblasts within unhomogeneous cell populations.MEL cells are the Friend virus transformed mouse erythroleukemia cells and have lost the capacity to respond to erythropoietin.Moreover,the research in the field of erythropoiesis has been severely hampered by the paucity of erythroblasts obtained from chick embryos,human,mouse,rat fetal liver,mouse spleen,or the bone marrow.In our paper,the fetal blood from newly slaughtered pregnant sheep meets the needs of studies as abundant staring biological materials at the nucleotide level and also reflects in vivo proliferative and differential status of erythroblasts.Appling the technique of mRNA differential display with minor modification,we directly compared cDNA fragmerts from the fetal blood erythroblasts and adult pregnant sheep leukocytes by PCR on DNA sequencing gels and revealed two differentially expressing bands.One is a novel gene fragment, which has homology with UV-sensitive cone opsin or rhodopsin by examinating the predicted amino acid sequence.Since the blood cells are sensitive to radiation,it can be safely inferred that this fragment participate in the process of cytocidal effect of the radiation.The other fragment is glucose induced gene /elongation factor 2 3′end noncoding region,which was first cloned from glucose induced bovine aortic smooth muscle cells.Using Northern blot hybridization method,authentic specific expression was confirmed.展开更多
Due to differences in morphology, ecology and biology, the phylogenesis of Coniferopsida and Taxaceae remains controversial, and the phylogenetic relationship of Pseudotaxus is yet to be confirmed. Three rDNA regions,...Due to differences in morphology, ecology and biology, the phylogenesis of Coniferopsida and Taxaceae remains controversial, and the phylogenetic relationship of Pseudotaxus is yet to be confirmed. Three rDNA regions, ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2, were prepared for 77 species belonging to seven families of Coniferopsida, including Taxaceae. Maximum parsimony(MP)and Neighbor-joining(NJ) analyses were performed. Results showed that:(1) the Coniferopsida species formed three branches:(Taxaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae),(Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae), and(Pinaceae);(2) Taxaceae included Taxus, Pseudotaxus, Amentotaxus, and Torreya; and(3) Pseudotaxus belonged to Taxaceae, with a support rate of 97%in MP analyses and 99% in NJ analyses.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670243)
文摘Mitochondrial gene fragments of 16S rRNA gene of four species （Rhacophorus rhodopus, R. reinwardtii, Philautus albopunctatus and P. rhododiscus ） from 11 populations were sequenced in this study. Homologous sequences of R. bipunctatus, Theloderma asperum, T. corticale and Buergeria japonica were obtained by screening the GenBank database. After excluding all gaps and ambiguous positions, aligned sequences were 500 bp in length with 115 variable sites and 92 parsimony-informative sites. Using B .japonica as an outgroup, phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Our results indicated that neither of R. rhodopus and P. albopunctatus were monophyletic at the species level. The population of R. rhodopus from Hainan Island was more close to R. bipunctatus than to populations of R. rhodopus from Yunnan Province. Furthermore, the populations of R. rhodopus from Yunnan Province can be divided into two main lineages. Theloderma corticale and P.rhododiscus were clustered together and T. asperum was nested in P.albopunctatus. We considered that P. albopunctatus Liu and Hu, 1962, was the synonymy of T. asperum Boulenger, 1886, and suggested removing P. rhododiscus from Philautus into the genus Theloderma.
文摘Most studies of erythropoiesis have been performed either with the virally transformed MEL cells or with the scarce erythroblasts within unhomogeneous cell populations.MEL cells are the Friend virus transformed mouse erythroleukemia cells and have lost the capacity to respond to erythropoietin.Moreover,the research in the field of erythropoiesis has been severely hampered by the paucity of erythroblasts obtained from chick embryos,human,mouse,rat fetal liver,mouse spleen,or the bone marrow.In our paper,the fetal blood from newly slaughtered pregnant sheep meets the needs of studies as abundant staring biological materials at the nucleotide level and also reflects in vivo proliferative and differential status of erythroblasts.Appling the technique of mRNA differential display with minor modification,we directly compared cDNA fragmerts from the fetal blood erythroblasts and adult pregnant sheep leukocytes by PCR on DNA sequencing gels and revealed two differentially expressing bands.One is a novel gene fragment, which has homology with UV-sensitive cone opsin or rhodopsin by examinating the predicted amino acid sequence.Since the blood cells are sensitive to radiation,it can be safely inferred that this fragment participate in the process of cytocidal effect of the radiation.The other fragment is glucose induced gene /elongation factor 2 3′end noncoding region,which was first cloned from glucose induced bovine aortic smooth muscle cells.Using Northern blot hybridization method,authentic specific expression was confirmed.
文摘Due to differences in morphology, ecology and biology, the phylogenesis of Coniferopsida and Taxaceae remains controversial, and the phylogenetic relationship of Pseudotaxus is yet to be confirmed. Three rDNA regions, ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2, were prepared for 77 species belonging to seven families of Coniferopsida, including Taxaceae. Maximum parsimony(MP)and Neighbor-joining(NJ) analyses were performed. Results showed that:(1) the Coniferopsida species formed three branches:(Taxaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae),(Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae), and(Pinaceae);(2) Taxaceae included Taxus, Pseudotaxus, Amentotaxus, and Torreya; and(3) Pseudotaxus belonged to Taxaceae, with a support rate of 97%in MP analyses and 99% in NJ analyses.
